Okayama Igakkai Zasshi (Journal of Okayama Medical Association)
Online ISSN : 1882-4528
Print ISSN : 0030-1558
Volume 104, Issue 11-12
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
  • Part 1. Suppressive effects of OK-432 and Ge-132 with respect to timing of administration, and the role of natural killer cells
    Mamoru TAMAI
    1992 Volume 104 Issue 11-12 Pages 1007-1014
    Published: 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    C3H mice were subcutaneously (s. c.) injected with a tumorigenic dose (1mg/mouse) of 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) and tumor development was observed for 18 weeks. OK-432 or Ge-132 was intraperitoneally administered either after MC injection (post-treatment) or both before and after MC injection (pre- and post-treatment).
    Pre- and post-treatment with OK-432 significantly inhibited the development of tumors from 10 to 12 weeks after MC injection as compared with a control group. In all of the groups, the incidence of tumors was 100 percent 18 weeks after MC injection. With respect to Ge-132, both post-treatment and pre- and post-treatment administration reduced tumor growth in a similar manner to pre- and post-treatment of OK-432.
    After pre-treatment with OK-432 or Ge-132 for two weeks, the percentage of large granular lymphocytes in peripheral blood and the natural killer activity of splenic cells in mice were increased.
    These results suggest that the immune status plays an important role in the defense mechanisms against chemically-induced tumors.
    Download PDF (1121K)
  • Part 2. The role of effector cells in antitumor activity of OK-432 and Ge-132
    Mamoru TAMAI
    1992 Volume 104 Issue 11-12 Pages 1015-1022
    Published: 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The suppressive effects of OK-432 and Ge-132 on 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) carcinogenesis have been confirmed. To clarify the mechanism of this suppression, we investigated the effects of anti-asialo GM1 antibody (AGM1), anti-thymocyte antibody (Thy) and carrageenan (CAR), which eliminate NK cells, T cells and macrophages, respectively, on the growth of MC induced sarcoma. The suppressive effect of Ge-132 in mice was abolished by prior AGM1, Thy or CAR treatment; moreover, these compounds enhanced the development of tumors. In mice treated with OK-432, AGM1 or CAR enhanced the development of tumors, as well; however, Thy treatment did not alter tumor incidence.
    Prior treatment with AGM1 reduced the percentage of large granular lymphocytes and NK activity, which were increased by OK-432 or Ge-132 treatment; however Thy or CAR did not alter these parameters.
    These results indicate that NK cells and macrophages play an important role in the defense against MC induced sarcoma in OK-432-treated mice, while T cells as well as NK cells and macrophages do so in Ge-132-treated mice.
    Download PDF (1902K)
  • Seigo WATANABE
    1992 Volume 104 Issue 11-12 Pages 1023-1032
    Published: 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The guanidino compounds in various mouse organs after i. p. administration of ferric citrate (Fe) and after inhalation of pure oxygen(O2) were studied.
    Guanidinoacetic acid and N-acetylarginine levels were markedly higher in the kidney, and they decreased after administration of Fe or inhalation of O2. Creatinine decreased in the liver after administration of Fe, and it decreased in the liver and muscle after inhalation of O2. γ-Guanidinobutyric acid level was significantly higher in the normal liver, but decreased after administration of Fe or inhalation of O2. Arginine (Arg) increased in the kidney and muscle after administration of Fe, while it decreased in the liver. Arg decreased in the kidney and the muscle after inhalation of O2.
    Methylguanidine (MG) increased in the brain after administration of Fe or inhalation of O2. However, MG decreased in the liver after administration of Fe, and also decreased in the liver, kidney and muscle after inhalation of O2.
    MG increased only in the brain. This finding suggested that the reactive oxygen species (O-2, H2O2, ·OH) were most effective there, because oxygen consumpution in the brain was much more than in the other organs.
    Download PDF (493K)
  • Yukio IDO
    1992 Volume 104 Issue 11-12 Pages 1033-1046
    Published: 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Hepatic microsomes were collected from male rats in which hepatic microsomes enzymes were induced by phenobarbital (PB) and untreatend rats. Microsomes were deoxygenated by vacuum-freezing and exposed to 2% or 10% halothane and then incubated in a 37°C bath for 5 or 20 minutes. Microsomal enzyme contents and enzyme activities were measured. The contents of cytochrome P-450 were decreased in PB-induced microsomes (PB-microsomes) and the decrease was greater with 10% halothane or 20-minute incubation than with 2% halothane or 5-minute incubation. The contents of cytochrome P-450 in non-PB-microsomes were also decreased by 10% halothane. Heme contents were decreased in PB-microsomes by 10% halothane, and in non-PB-microsomes by 20-minute incubation with 2% halothane. The activities of aminopyrine demethylation were decreased both in PB and non-PB-microsomes and the decrease was greater with 10% halothane. The activities of aniline hydroxylation were decreased in PB and non-PB-microsomes, and after 20-minute incubation. The contents of cytochrome b5, the tetrabutylic acid reacting substances and the activities of cytochrome P-450 reductase were not changed.
    The decreases of microsomal cytochrome P-450 and microsomal enzyme activities by halothane exposure in deoxygenated states might be related to hepatic injury following halothane anesthesia.
    Download PDF (4077K)
  • Influences on hemodynamics and kidneys in dogs
    Makoto YAMADA
    1992 Volume 104 Issue 11-12 Pages 1047-1057
    Published: 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The influences of veno-arterial bypass (VAB) for ECMO on hemodynamics and kidneys were investigated using 15 mongrel dogs by changing the bypass flow rate to determine the optimal flow rate. The animals were divided into three groups; 20% bypass flow rate (BFR) group (BFR=% of cardiac output) (n=5), 40% BFR group (n=5), and 60% BFR group (n=5). Systemic hemodynamics, including total circulatory blood volume, did not significantly change 1 and 2 hours after VAB commencement.
    Renal blood flow (RBF) did not decrease in the 20% BFR group, while RBF at 2 hours was significantly decreased in the 40% BFR group (104±13.7 vs 80±12.1ml/min; p<0.01) and in the 60% BFR group (113±34.7 vs 84±25.6ml/min; p<0.01). In the renin-angiotensin-aldosteron system, plasma renin activity (PRA) was significantly elevated at 2 hours in all groups. Angiotensin II levels showed no significant changes in the 20% BFR group, while in the 40% and 60% BFR groups the values at 2 hours were increased significantly (263±182 vs 4285±2413pg/ml; p<0.01, and 470±308 vs 1839±1408pg/ml; p<0.05, respectively).
    These results suggested that 20% BFR did not adversely influence systemic hemodynamics or RBF, but BFR more than 40% did produce unfavourable results.
    Download PDF (611K)
  • Shunju INDO
    1992 Volume 104 Issue 11-12 Pages 1059-1068
    Published: 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This study was performed to clarify whether the extent-score (Ex-Score) calculated by T1-201 myocardial scintigraphy is a reliable indicator of the severity of myocardial damage and cardiac residual capacity in valvular heart diseases. The subjects consisted of 38 patients (10 with aortic regurgitation (AR), 4 with aortic stenosis (AS), 13 with mitral regurgitation (MR) and 11 with mitral stenosis (MS)).
    Ex-Scores were significantly correlated with the severity of myocardial damage found in biopsied specimens obtained intraoperatively (correlation efficiency to Ex-Score with cell diameter in AR, % fibrosis in AR, cell diameter in AS, electron microscopic score in MR and % fibrosis in MS was 0.873, 0.734, 0.970, 0.913 and 0.659, respectively).
    Ex-Scores were also correlated with cardiac residual capacity determined by radioisotope angiography (correlation efficiency to Ex-Score with % Δ ejection fraction in AR, % Δ end-systolic volume in MR, % Δ end-diastolic volume in MS was -0.764, 0.790 and -0.763, respectively).
    These results suggest that the severity of myocardial damage and cardiac residual capacity can be estimated by T1-201 myocardial scintigraphy (Ex-Score) in valvular heart diseases.
    Download PDF (1938K)
  • Part 1. Morphological change and serotonin-releasability of platelets in bronchial asthmatics
    Koji SUNAMI
    1992 Volume 104 Issue 11-12 Pages 1069-1078
    Published: 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    To clarify the role of platelets at the site of allergic reaction, ultrastructural observation, measurement of plasma serotonin levels and serotonin-releasability of platelets after various stimuli were studied in 29 asthmatics and 6 normal controls. The results were as follows:
    1) Plasma serotonin levels were higher during the attack stage than non-attack stage in asthmatics.
    2) Morphological changes and the aggregation of platelets were observed by scanning electron microscopy after stimulation with platelet activating factor (PAF), CaI, anti-IgE and anti-IgG.
    3) The serotonin-releasability of platelets stimulated by CaI was significantly decreased in severe asthmatics, compared with mild asthmatics and normal subjects (p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences between steroid dependent and non-steroid dependent intractable asthmatics in severe asthma.
    4) The releasability of serotonin was decreased in most cases during asthmatic attack and was suppressed by aminophyllin.
    5) The serotonin-releasability of platelets stimulated by anti-IgG or Candida antigen was remarkably enhanced after incubation with serum, although releasability was not increased with heat-treated serum.
    These results suggest that platelets play an important role in bronchoconstriction induced by various immunological reactions involved with complement activation in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma.
    Download PDF (2793K)
  • Part 2. Production of 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid from platelets and the platelet-lymphocyte interaction in bronchial asthmatics
    Koji SUNAMI
    1992 Volume 104 Issue 11-12 Pages 1079-1086
    Published: 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    To clarify the role of platelets in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma, the production of 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12HETE) from platelets of asthmatics was examined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The effect of platelets on lymphocyte function was also studied by lymphocyte blastogenesis. The results were as follows:
    1) The production of 12HETE from platelets of asthmatics were significantly higher than that of normal subjects (p<0.01).
    2) Blastogenesis of lymphocytes was significantly suppressed by addition of platelets (p<0.05).
    3) Blastogenesis of lymphocytes was significantly suppressed by addition of more than 12.5ng/ml of 12HETE, 10ng/ml of transforming growth factorβ (TGF-β) or 50ng/ml of serotonin.
    These results suggest that platelets play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthmatic responses mediated by activated lymphocytes.
    Download PDF (1038K)
  • Yasuhiro YUNOKI, Mikio MIYAKE, Kouji MIYAGI, Hidekazu NAKAGAWA, Youji ...
    1992 Volume 104 Issue 11-12 Pages 1087-1091
    Published: 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A 77-year-old female with a chief complaint of epigastralgia was diagnosed with torsion of the gallbladder by abdominal CT prior to surgery and successfully treated by an emergency operation. Only 16 cases of gallbladder torsion including the present case have been diagnosed prior to surgery in Japan. Almost all of them were diagnosed with abdominal ultrasonography. With the growing use of CT in the evaluation of abdominal pain, preoperative diagnosis of the condition may be expedited. CT shows characteristic findings of torsion of the gallbladder such as 1) pronounced swelling of the gallbladder and circumscribed thickening of the gallbladder wall, 2) displacement of the gallbladder, and 3) volvulated gallbladder neck. We found CT to be useful for preoperative diagnosis of patients with abdominal pain.
    Download PDF (1389K)
  • Katsuhisa HUKUYAMA
    1992 Volume 104 Issue 11-12 Pages 1093-1105
    Published: 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In the central nervous system (CNS) of mammals, monoamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.4) (MAO), which have been divided into two functional forms (MAO-A and MAO-B), and catechol-O-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.6) (COMT) act as catabolic enzymes of catecholamines and serotonin regulating their concentrations. In this study, the effects of guanidino compounds (5mM) on MAO-A, MAO-B and COMT were examined to investigate the role of guanidino compounds in CNS function.
    MAO-A activity was decreased by α-guanidinoglutaric acid (GGA) and guanidinoethanesulfonic acid, and increased by arginine (Arg) and N-acetylarginine at a low substrate concentration (4.33μM). MAO-B activity was decreased by creatinine (CRN), δ-guanidinovaleric acid (GVA) and methylguanidine (MGua) at a high substrate concentration (3.125mM), and decreased by CRN, GVA, MGua, Arg, guanidine, 2-guanidinoethanol, β-guanidinopropionic acid, guanidinosuccinic acid and homoarginine at a low substrate concentration (62.5μM). GVA, CRN and MGua acted as competitive inhibitors on MAO-B and their calculated Ki values were 9.47mM, 14.5mM and 29.4mM, respectively. Although the guanidino compounds tested had no effect on COMT activity at a high substrate concentration (600μM), GSA and GVA inhibited COMT activity at a low substrate concentration (75μM).
    These results suggest that some guanidino compounds influence catabolic enzymes of indoleamine and catecholamines to control CNS function.
    Download PDF (1396K)
  • Evaluation of IFN-γ production induced by Candida or mite antigen in clinical types of bronchial asthma
    Goro KIMURA
    1992 Volume 104 Issue 11-12 Pages 1107-1116
    Published: 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    It is known that IFN-γ, T-cell lymphokine, suppresses IgE synthesis and enhances leukotrienes synthesis, and plays an important role in the allergic reactions of a bronchial asthma attack. It is reported that IFN-γ production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) induced by phytohemagglutinin was decreased in atopic subjects compared with normal subjects. In fact, some bronchial asthmatics do not have atopic features, and sometimes they display severe symptoms. Therefore, IFN-γ production from PBMC induced by Candida or mite antigen was studied in bronchial asthmatics. The results were as follows: (1) There was no significant difference in IFN-γ production between asthmatics and normal subjects. Among asthmatics, non-atopic asthmatics showed higher levels of IFN-γ production compared with atopic asthmatics. (2) Severe asthmatics showed high levels of IFN-γ production compared with mild and moderate asthmatics and normal subjects in Candida antigen stimulation. (3) High levels of IFN-γ production was observed in asthmatics with late asthmatic response to Candida antigen inhalation compared to asthmatics with no airway response and healthy controls.
    These results indicate that IFN-γ plays an important role in non-atopic and severe asthma attack and late asthmatic response to Candida antigen inhalation.
    Download PDF (1155K)
  • Evaluation of IFN-γ production induced by Candida or mite antigen in comparison with other factors of lymphocytic function
    Goro KIMURA
    1992 Volume 104 Issue 11-12 Pages 1117-1125
    Published: 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    It is known that IFN-γ, T-cell lymphokine, has potent effects on immunoglobulin synthesis, leukotrienes synthesis and delayed-type hypersensitivity. These factors are thought to be closely related to allergic reactions in bronchial asthma. Therefore, IFN-γ production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells induced by Candida or mite antigen was examined in asthmatics, and relations with other lymphocytic functions were studied to elucidate the role of IFN-γ. The results were as follows: (1) There was a significant correlation between IFN-γ production and Candida specific serum IgG1 antibody. (2) There was a significant correlation between IFN-γ production and lymphocyte blastogenesis induced by Candida antigen. (3) High levels of IFN-γ production were observed in asthmatics with positive late phase or delayed phase skin reaction to Candida antigen compared to asthmatics with negative late phase or delayed phase skin reaction. (4) Asthmatics with positive Candida or mite specific IgE radioallergosorbent test (RAST) showed a low level of IFN-γ production compared to asthmatics with negative IgE RAST.
    These results indicate that asthmatics with low IgE antibody and activated lymphocytes show high levels of IFN-γ production, and in these low IgE asthmatics, IFN-γ may play an important role in the allergic reactions of bronchial asthma.
    Download PDF (492K)
  • Kouji TAKATA
    1992 Volume 104 Issue 11-12 Pages 1127-1134
    Published: 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In valve replacement surgery, human superoxide dismutase (h-SOD) was administered just before reperfusion, and the effect of h-SOD on reperfusion injury was studied. Release of cardiac enzymes (CPK-MB and HBD), increase of left ventricular volume, and recovery rate of cardiac function were measured.
    The release of the enzymes during 60 minutes after reperfusion in the group receiving h-SOD (3mg/kg) was less than that of the control (without h-SOD) group (p<0.01). Myocardial edema (volume increase) was also reduced by h-SOD (1mg/kg or 3mg/kg: p<0.01). Recovery of cardiac function after reperfusion of the h-SOD group was better than that of the control group.
    In conclusion, h-SOD can protect the myocardium from reperfusion injury and accelerate the rate of recovery of cardiac function after global ischemia.
    Download PDF (403K)
  • Hirotaka ASANO
    1992 Volume 104 Issue 11-12 Pages 1135-1144
    Published: 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    To clarify factors affecting atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion, the relationship between blood ANP level and intracardiac pressure, and that between the number of atrial specific granules (ASG) in the right atrial auricle and ANP level were investigated in 21 patients undergoing extracorporeal circulation. In the atrial loaded group, the Group TR (Tricuspid regurgitation) served as right atrial load and Group M (Mitral valve disease) as left atrial load, ANP and the number of ASG were compared with those in the control group. Accordingly, the effect of atrial load on ANP secretion and the number of ASG were investigated. Moreover, ANP and the number of ASG in the atrial myolysis group {Group A f (atrial fibrillation)} were compared with those of the sinus rhythm group to determine effect of atrio-myolysis.
    The ANP level showed a positive correlation with left atrial pressure (r=0.820 p<0.01) and with left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (r=0.726 p<0.01), but no correlation with right atrial pressure nor ventricular pressure. The ANP level in Group M was significantly higher than other groups, but there was no significant difference compared with Group TR. Consequently, the left atrium and right atrium were considered to have different effects on ANP secretion.
    Download PDF (1169K)
  • Masakazu OHBAYASHI
    1992 Volume 104 Issue 11-12 Pages 1145-1158
    Published: 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Foci of tissue sponginess and necrosis in the cerebral cortex and the subcortical white matter were studied histopathologically in three cases of Neuro-Behçet's disease. The following results were obtained:
    Lesions in the cerebral cortex and the subcortical white matter were less severe than those in the brain stem. Though recent and older foci coexisted, glial scar foci were rare. Necrotic foci in the cerebral cortex and the subcortical white matter were vascular in origin. Foci were more numerous in the cerebral cortex than in the subcortical white matter. Foci were relatively numerous in the temporal lobe, especially in the hippocampus (Case 2), and were not so numerous in the frontal lobe.
    Mental symptoms such as hypospontaneity, blunted affect, euphoria, disturbance of immediate and recent memory, forced laughing and crying and bradyphrenia are attributable to brain stem lesions, but some cases of Neuro-Behçet's disease with numerous necrotic foci in the hippocampus and adjacent structures are believed to have hippocampal amnesia superimposed on brain stem symptoms.
    Download PDF (2986K)
  • Kouji MUNEDA
    1992 Volume 104 Issue 11-12 Pages 1159-1171
    Published: 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    To investigate the mechanism of the inhibitory effect of dorsal column stimulation (DCS) on the monosynaptic reflex, excitability of the Ia fiber terminal was measured by Wall's method before, during and after epidural spinal cord stimulation. The experiment was performed under general anesthesia on five normal cats and five cats which had undergone hemisection of the lower thoracic cord more than three weeks before the experiment. Bipolar silver-ball electrodes were placed epidurally on the midline of the thoracic cord, caudal to the hemisected site. During and after DCS, increase of the excitability of the Ia fiber terminal was observed in both normal and hemisected cats, suggesting that the presynaptic inhibition at the Ia fiber terminal plays an important role in inhibition of the monosynaptic reflex. Moreover, this excitability change was maintained more than ten minutes after cessation of DCS, compatible with a clinical observation that the inhibitory effect of DCS on spasticity often continues after turning off the stimulating system. However, the mechanism of this after-effect is unkown.
    Download PDF (804K)
  • Masayuki MIZOBUCHI
    1992 Volume 104 Issue 11-12 Pages 1173-1187
    Published: 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The long-lasting effects of ceruletide (CLT), a cholecystokinin-8 (CCK-8) analogue, on involuntary movements were investigated. Nine monkeys were used. One group (6 monkeys) received unilateral lesions to the ventromedial tegmentum (VMT) of the midbrain. The second group (3 monkeys) served as controls.
    Hypokinesia was produced after lesioning of the VMT. Administration of a large amount of L-Dopa or direct intracaudate injection of dopamine (DA) relieved the symptoms initially but then induced dyskinesias later. Two monkeys with reproducible dyskinesias were chosen for further study.
    Systemically administered CLT combined with L-Dopa improved the hypokinesia without inducing dyskinesia. These effects of a single dose of 50 μg/kg CLT continued up to 9 days. Direct combined administration of CLT and DA into the dorsomedial part of the head of the caudate nucleus ipsilateral to the VMT lesion improved the hypokinesia without inducing dyskinesia. The effects of a single direct injection of 20 ng/kg CLT persisted for 3 days.
    The long-lasting effects of systemically and directly administered CLT were confirmed. These findings suggest that CLT modulates the DA system indirectly through the central CCK system, especially in the dorsomedial part of the head of the caudate nucleus.
    Download PDF (5405K)
feedback
Top