Okayama Igakkai Zasshi (Journal of Okayama Medical Association)

Studies on the Parathion Poisoning

Part 1. Resorption, Distribution and Excretion of Parathion in Mammalians

Minoru KITAYAMA

1955 Volume 67 Issue 7-12supplement Pages 1-8
Published: December 31, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.67.7-12supplement_1

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The method by Averell and Norris was improved for estimating parathion content in tissue, and satisfactory result was got making use of Tsuda's reagent.
The results with this method, are as follows:
1) The parathion contents in tissues from 2 human bodies were determined, and it was recognized that parathion distribute in all organs.
2) By experimental studies on rabbit, the parathion contents in tissues were highest on the case of subcutaneous administration and then oral and percutaneous administration. It is a matter of course that the parathion contents in digestive canal were extremely high on the case of oral administration.
3) Subcutaneously administered to the rabbit, the parathion contents in tissues were the highest after 312 hours, and almost disappeared after 24 hours. The parathion was gone even from excrements after 48 hours.
4) It is thought that so called cumulative action of parathion is based on the decrease of the agents, for example cholinesterase, inhibitted by parathion.

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Studies on the Parathion Poisoning

Part 2. Examination for the Method of Serum Cholinesterase Determination

Minoru KITAYAMA

1955 Volume 67 Issue 7-12supplement Pages 9-14
Published: December 31, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.67.7-12supplement_9

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The estimation of serum cholinesterase is the most important for the diagnosis and the prophylaxis of parathion poisoning. Hitherto, several methods have been introduced, but not enough to practical use, because they need so expensive instrument, as well as some what cumbersome in manipulation.
Recently, a hydrogen-ionometric method by means of comparator with phenol red as pH indicator (Comparator Method) was introduced for the estimation of serum cholinesterase. I checked its accuracy and reliability by Ammon's manometric method believed to give exact determination of the serum cholinesterase, and it was confirmed that the procedure gave satisfactory accuracy and suitable for the clinical examination such as being obliged to deal with a large number of serum within a short period of time, because it was simple in technique and required no expensive instruments.

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Studies on the Parathion Poisoning

Part 3. Clinical Studies on the Gastric Function of Parathion Poisoning

Minoru KITAYAMA

1955 Volume 67 Issue 7-12supplement Pages 15-30
Published: December 31, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.67.7-12supplement_15

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Eight patients of parathion poisoning, 4 serious, 2 moderate and 2 slight cases, were examined in their gastric function by means of roentgenological examination in motor activity, along with the examination of gastric juice in secretory activity.
At the onset of the poisoning, comparing with the convalescent stage, the gastric function shows as follows:
1) Roentgenologically, the stomach is hypertonic and its peristalsis is active. Gastric mucosal folds are enlarged and swollen and greater curvature gives moderately serrated appearance.
2) Gastric juice shows hyperacidity in its total acid and free HCl. Both pepsin and lab-ferment are also active. Some of the cases, gastric juice contains macroscopic blood and mucus.
It is thought that the changes above mentioned are due to the vagotonia caused by the anticholinesterase action of parathion.

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Studies on the Metabolism of Nucleic Acid Phosphorus in Bone Marrow

Part 1. Studies on the Relation between Hematopoietic Function and Nucleic Acid Phosphorus in Bone Marrow

Kenro NAGASE

1955 Volume 67 Issue 7-12supplement Pages 31-42
Published: December 31, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.67.7-12supplement_31

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Fractionating the rabbit bone marrow with various anemia into acid-soluble, lipoid and nucleic acid portion by Schneider's method, quantitative phosphorus determination on each portion was made by Fiske-Subbarow's method.
1) As for the rabbit bone marrow with the remarkably increased hematopoietic function caused by venesection and phenylhydracine injection, the nucleic acid phosphorus indicated an increase with the lapse of time.
2) In the case of the rabbit bone marrow with the extremely disturbed hematopoietic function by nitrogen mustard, saponin and benzol injection, the nucleic acid phosphorus proved a decrease.
3) No close relation could be detected between acid soluble phosporus, lipoid phosphorus, and the hematopoietic function.
4) It may be said that there exists certain close parallel correlation between the hematopoietic function of bone marrow and the nucleic acid phosphorus contents.

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Studies on the Metabolism of Nucleic Acid Phosphorus in Bone Marrow

Part 2. Studies on the Nucleic Acid Phosphorus Metabolism of Bone Marrow with the Radioactive Isotope P³²

Kenro NAGASE

1955 Volume 67 Issue 7-12supplement Pages 43-49
Published: December 31, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.67.7-12supplement_43

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P³² was used as the tracer and was injected intravenously into the rabbits with various anemia.
Certain quantities of bone marrow were collected after the time intervals, and were fractionated by Schmidt and Tannhauser's method into DNA, RNA and phosphoprotein. The P³² contents of these fractions were estimated by Geiger-Mueller counter.
1) DNA and RNA of the rabbit bone marrow that the hematopoietic function had remarkably enhanced by venesection and phenylhydracine injection, have shown an increase in accordance with the lapse of time. Above all, DNA has increased in greater degree. No detectable change has occured to the phosphoprotein.
2) As to the rabbits whose hematopoietic function of bone marrow had remarkably been hindered by the injection of nitrogen-mustard, benzol and saponin, DNA and RNA metabolism of bone marrow showed a decrease. No detectable changes were seen as to the phosphoprotein.
3) In this part of studies, it has been discovered that the close correlation exists between the hematopoietic function and the phosphorus metabolism of DNA and of RNA in the bone marrow.

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Studies on the Metabolism of Nucleic Acid Phosphorus in Bone Marrow

Part 3. On the Direct-stimulating Property of Folic Acid and Vitamine B₁₂ toward the Bone Marrow

Kenro NAGASE

1955 Volume 67 Issue 7-12supplement Pages 50-58
Published: December 31, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.67.7-12supplement_50

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Directly injecting folic acid or vitamine B₁₂ into the femur bone marrow of experimental anemic rabbits, and then injecting P³² solution in the auricular vein, the activity of P³² was examined on the bone marrow dividing into DNA, RNA and phosphoprotein.
1) In the case that the hematopoietic function of bone marrow was normal (normal rabbit) or somewhat increased (rabbit with venesection) or even the case that the function declined moderatly (rabbit injected benzol with small dose), the nucleic acid phosphorus metabolism of bone marrow proves a rise by the direct injection both folic acid and vitamine B₁₂.
It is thought, therefore, that both of them can stimulate the hematopoietic function of bone marrow directly. Vitamin B₁₂ is more powerful compared with the folic acid.
2) In case that the hematopoietic function of bone marrow was seriously damaged (case of rabbit administered by large doze of benzol or nitrogen mustard), neither folic acid nor vitamine B₁₂ could stimulate the hematopoietic function of bone marrow.

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Studies on Respiration and Glycolysis of Bone Marrow

Part 1. Study on Measuring Method of the Respiration and Glycolysis of Sternal Punctate

Masuhiro KUNINOBU

1955 Volume 67 Issue 7-12supplement Pages 59-72
Published: December 31, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.67.7-12supplement_59

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The author has investigated the method of measuring the respiration and glycolysis of sternal punctate by using Warburg's manometer. The results obtained can be summarized as follows:
1. When punctured with strong suction force and the punctate was taken in a little quantity (0.3cc), the stable and large respiration value was observed.
2. The respiration of cells in the sternal punctate was more injured at the second punctate in two successive suction than glycolysis action.
3. 1.0 cc of suspension medium was higher in respiration value than the case of 2.0 cc.
4. When the so-called “dioxalate” (Potassium oxalate 0.75; Ammonium oxalate 1.25; distiled water 100.0) was used as anticoagulant the highest respiration value was obtained. Heparin being next, sodium citrate showed considerable low value.
5. In the case of the normal person, the fat-free dry weight was constant, having little relation to the increase or decrease of the nucleated cell count. But in the various diseases, there turned out not always to be a positive correlation between the former and the latter.
When the action of respiration and glycolysis of sternal punctate was measured, in synthesizing the above suitable conditions, the value was stable and large. Therefore the author has confirmed that the measuring method of respiration and glycolysis of sternal punctate in this experiment has the possibility of clinical application.

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Studies on Respiration and Glycolysis of Bone Marrow

Part 2. The Effect of Cobalt on the Respiration and Glycolysis of Rabbit Bone Marrow

Masuhiro KUNINOBU

1955 Volume 67 Issue 7-12supplement Pages 73-84
Published: December 31, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.67.7-12supplement_73

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1. When a rabbit suffered from cobalt-polycythemia, respiration and glycolysis of rabbit bone marrow showed the faint feature of that of erythroid marrow. On the other hand, the erythroid cells in its markedly increased.
2. On the other hand, when in vitro the cobalt compound less-poisonous was added to normal rabbit bone marrow slices at the lowest concentration, oxygen consumption was apt to increase.
3. This proved that those two contrary action, viz. the interruption of the chain of enzyme system and the direct promotion of tissue respiration, interfered each other. And respiration value was obtained according to its intensity and poisonous degree.
4. There was no significant difference in glycolysis action of cobalt-injected rabbit bone marrow.

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Studies on Respiration and Glycolysis of Bone Marrow

Part 3. Study on the Relations of the so-called Banti's Disease and Respiration and Glycolysis of Bone Marrow

Masuhiro KUNINOBU

1955 Volume 67 Issue 7-12supplement Pages 85-95
Published: December 31, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.67.7-12supplement_85

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1. The respiration and glycolysis action of sternal punctate of the so-calld Banti's disease patients has shown the increasing value with the increase of the immatured erythroblast count in their bone marrow picture, but it has come to show the normal condition value or decreased respiration value by splenectomy.
2. The sera of this patients inhibited directly oxygen consumption of the slices of normal rabbit's bone marrow. The serum of the splenectomised patient showed the nealy same value as was the normal person serum, or on the contrary showed the increasing value.
3. Spleen extracts of patients who have had hematologic changes in his life time had no effect upon the respiration and glycolysis action of normal rabbit bone marrow. But in the case of rabbits injected with the spleen extract of the so-called Banti's disease patient, it was shown strikingly that both respiration and glycolysis had in increased of greatly. And in the case of the rabbits injected with the serum of the Banti's disease patient, it was proved that the increase of the respiration action of bone marrow was markedly promoted.

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