A toxohormone-like fraction prepared from the blood of acatalasemia patients by the method of Nakahara was tested whether it could decrease the catalase content of liver and blood of the mice or not.
Although no decrease of catalase cotent of these tissues was observed, the fraction prepared from the patients could kill the mice. However, the fraction prepared from normal blood had no toxic action on the mice.

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The blood catalase level of ducks is known to be quite low, but no increased activity of cytochrome systems was observed in several tissues of ducks compared with the other animals.

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The administration of oxaloacetate, citrate, succinate, and fructose caused a decrease in ketonuria in alloxan diabetic rabbits, while glucose and fat increased ketone body urinary excretion in rabbits fed alloxan.
However, all these substances administered caused a increase in urinary sugar excretion in rabbits fed alloxan.

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For the purpose of studying the effect of drugs on various parts of the blood vessels in the liver, isolated but maintaind in as close to physiological conditions as possible, a new liver-perfusion apparatus was devised and made.
This apparatus is characteristic in that the changes of arterial and portal inflow, hepatic venous outflow, and liver volume can be recorded at the same time. For the supply of perfusion fluid into the hepatic artery and the portal vein, a constant pressure method with reservoirs was adopted. The perfusate was made to pass through a newly devised foam-removing apparatus before entering each reservoir. The liver was placed in an air-tight vessel, as in the case of Bauer et al., which could be kept at a constant temperature and permit measurement of its volume. Measurement of outlow was made by Gaddum's flowmeter and the rates of inflow into the hepatic artery and portal vein were measured by recording the lateral pressure changes of the cannula. Parts of Ohasi's apparatus for liver perfusion were used for motor power and artificial oxygenator.
Theory on the planning, construction, procedures, and experimental technique of this apparatus using dog liver have been described.

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Perfusion of a dog liver was carried out with a circulating liver-perfusion apparatus, provided with two blood supplies from the artery and the portal vein, and the effect of various drugs on the changes of arterial and portal inflow, hepatic venous outflow, and the liver volume were recorded. From these recordings, sites and modes of action of drugs on blood vessels of the liver were examined.
It was observed that there was a partially reciprocal relationship between the inflow of hepatic artery and of the portal vein.
Adrenaline chiefly caused dilating action on the hepatic veins in a small dose, but when the dose was comparatively large, constriction of the arterial and portal branches being more predominant. However, the hepatic veins were opened in some liver preparations even when the dose of adrenaline was fairly large. The action of noradrenaline seemed to be fundamentally similar to that of adrenaline. The action of ephedrine and tyramine was similar to that of adrenaline though much weaker and more lasting.
Histamine itself caused constriction of the hepatic veins but its action on blood vessels in other parts was much weaker. A small dose of adrenaline completely counteracted the histamine action on the hepatic vein. The actions of peptone and sinomenine were similar to that of histamine and it was assumed that the actions appeared through histamine release from the liver tissues. Under the experimental conditions employed, the action of sinomenine seemed to be stronger.
The principal action of acetylcholine was constriction of the hepatic veins, which was far stronger than that reported by the previous workers on this animal, although this action was transitory and a secondary dilatation of the hepatic veins often followed. The action of pilocarpine was of the same type as that of acetylcholine but far weaker. A small dose of atropine suppressed these actions and itself dilated the hepatic veins. These observations strongly suggest the presence of the parasympathetic control of the liver circulation which had been overlooked to date.
Barium salts effected strong constriction of the tributaries of the hepatic artery and this action was removed by papaverine. Strophanthine showed a histamine-type action and the action of pituitrin was also similar, though the action of pituitrin was sometimes similar to that caused by a small amount of adrenaline.
Of the drugs acting chiefly on the hepatic veins, the comparatively stable histamine showed about the same effect by the arterial and portal injections, but the effect of adrenaline and acetylcholine which are unstable was far weaker when given into the portal vein. These facts suggest the presence of direct communications from the hepatic artery to the vein, i.e. the transhepatic arterial branches.

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The human nightsoil is believed to contain some substance inhibiting the development of Ascaris eggs and eventually destroying them. We had experimentally demonstrated Ascaris eggs are destroyed under a certain condition. in which albuminous puterraction takes place. A similar condition obtains during decomposition of the human nightsoil, provided that some change is brought about in the body of the fecal bacteria by the use of Methionine.

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The seasonal distribution of mosquitoes in Okayama Prefecture was investigated in 1955 by means of light-trap at Niizato, Niimi, Takahashi, Soja, Kurashiki, Tamashima and Okayama in connection with the incidence of Japanese B encephalitis. Culex pipiens, Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Anopheles sinensis were collected through the prefecture, more abundantly in the southern district than in the northern mountainous district. Culex tritaeniorhynchus appeared in enormous numbers during the hottest season from late July through August after comparatively cool days of early summer. A majority of infections (77 cases in all) with Japanese B encephalitis has been reported during the period of August, though early September, with the infection rate corresponding with the distribution of the mosquitoes. It is to be noted that the incidence of the encephalitis and the distribution of the mosquitoes, especially of C. tritaeniorhynchus in Okayama Prefecture are parallel to each other, and may be graded into three (north, middle and south) zones according to their respective intensity, in exact conformity with the isothermal geographical zones.

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In the previous paper by the same author the nucleic acid metabolism in some organs which was infected by Japanese B Encephalitis was studied by Schneider's method. Some detailed study by Schmidt & Thanhauser's method on this problem was further undertook and is going to be reported here.
P³² was used as the tracer throughout this investigation and was injected intraperitoneally into the mice at the acme stage of infection.
After the time intervals of 6 and 24 hours were collected certain quantities of brain, which were then fractionated by Schmidt & Thanhauser's method into DNH- and RNA- fractions
These nucleic acid fractions were investigated on their P³² contents.
By comparing the results with those obtained from the control references made by treating the healthy mice with P³² in the same way, an increase in P³²-activity was recognized at the DNA-fraction of the brain, this indicating the fact that, when mouse is infected with the virus, the DNA-fraction of the brain suffers a marked change.
Similar investigation was also carried out at the incubation period.
In this case, however, an increase in the P³²-activity was observed at the DNA and PNA-fraction of the liver collected from the mice infected with the virus. It is fully interesting that this increase in P³²-activity shows intimate accordance with the visceral phase of the disease.

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The influences of P³² upon the mice infected with Japanese B Encephalitis were investigated. On the course of this investigation, the effects of P³² upon the formation of nuclear inclusion-body was also histologically determined on the brains of infected mice. With the mice which had been intracerebrally injected
with the virus at the concentration of about LD₅₀ the delay of infection and prolonged survival time were usually observed when therapeutic doses of P³² were intraperitoneally given. This was also the case when the virus had been inoculated intraperitoneally or intravenously.
In all these cases, the formation of nuclear inclusion-body was always more distinct than that of the control references.

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To begin with, the standard values of the arterial and cerebral blood gases were measured following our original methods. As the second step, 20ml of 40 per cent Glucose were injected in the brachial veine. Then, after 5, 15 and 20-40 minutes the arterial and cerebral blood gases were measured again respectively by the same methods. The results were obtained as follows:
1. The changes of clinical symptomes could not be seen by the load of glucose.
2. The blood gas after the load of glucose indicated
a) R. Q. usually increased in the chronic progressive type, but shrinkaged in the chronic stationary type.
b) In the excitatory state R. Q. usually shrinkaged, but in the stuporous or light stuporous state increased.
c) In the convalesce favorable cases, R. Q. usually increaseed, but shrinkaged almost unchanged in the unfavorable cases.

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Having measured 17 cases of manic-depressive psychosis, which in reality, have amounted to 21 cases in its frequency, about the blood gas, by making use of micro Van Slyke apparatus, we have arrived at the following results
1. Those changes that occur to blood gas, are no special feature in schizophrenia; it changes in manic-depressive psychosis too, as it state changes,
2. Blood gas in either at excited time, or in melancholic fit, both look very alike, giving rise to a decrease of CO₂ output, lowering in R. Q., shrinkage of the variances of tention, descent in CO₂ percentage of the cerebral blood.
3. Generally, in schizophrenia, such as decrease in CO₂ output, lowering of R. Q., decrease of the reserve alkali, take place, accompanied with an abatement in pH value both of the cerebral as well as arteries; but in manic-depressive psychosis, the pH value in the blood either of cerebral or arteries proves no marked change, yielding to a separation of certain pathological indications; which we may say, is wholly different from the schizophrenic case.
4. The blood gas in time of excitement or melancholic fit, obtains it normal value when they had improvement.

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1. Imposition of vitamin C on mice made glycogen content of livers and muscles increase contrary to the decreases of blood sugar values.
2. Glycogen content of liver decreased remarkably by exposing mice or guinea pigs to high temperature, but the decrease grew far slight by preliminary imposition of vitamin C on them and the content became higher contrarily in some doses of vitamin C imposed.
3. No influence was proved on glycoden content of muscles of mice or guinea pigs by exposing them to high temperature or having imposed vitamin C beforehand.
4. An increase of blood sugar value was caused by blood collection by heart puncture of mice and guinea pigs, and by letting them expose to high temperature a remarkable increase of blood sugar values was obtained in the latter comparing with no influence in the former. The above mentioned increases were inhibited by preliminary imposition of vitamin C showing rather a decrease by increased imposition of it.

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The glycogen content in both livers and muscles as well as the blood sugar values were measured after letting guinea pigs standing for 2 hours at room temperature or at 41°C. after imposition of a definite dose of insulin, Thyradin, adrenalin, pilocarpine and atropine and in some cases together with vitamin C, and the following results were obtained:
1. Though liver glycogen always decreased by imposing these drugs, the action of pilocarpine seemed to be weaker than Thyradin, and the ones of insulin, adrenalin and atropine were most apparent in a similar degree.
2. Liver glycogen content decreased further by exposing the animals to high temperature after imposing these drugs, but the degree, from the viewpoint of the decrease caused by drug itself, was not so different among these drugs except insulin, which introduced an apparent decrease, and agreed well with the degree of the cases exposed to high temperature without imposition of these drugs.
3. The decrease of liver glycogen content of the animals exposed to high temperature after imposition of these drugs was inhibited by simultaneous imposition of vitamin C, and the inhibition was predominant over the decrease owed to insulin or atropine.
4. Muscle glycogen content decreased slightly by adrenalin and apparently by atropine, and the other drugs seemed to have no obvious action.
5. Muscle glycogen content decreased more or less in all cases by being exposed to kigh temperature after imposition of the drugs, and the degree, from the viewpoint of the decrease caused by drug itself, was higher in adrenalin and pilocarpine cases than in insulin and Thyradin cases, and the one of an atropine case was far low agreeing with the case exposed to high temperature without imposition of the drug.
6. The decrease of muscle glycogen content under high temperature after imposition of these drugs was more or less inhibited by simultaneous imposition of vitamin C, but these effects appeared hardly on insulin and pilocarpine cases, while the action of vitamin C was predominant over the action of atropine.
7. Though blood collection made the blood sugar values increase, the values in all cases except atropine imposition, which made the value much more increase than the non-imposed, grew lower than the one before collection, and the degree was most obvious to insulin case.
8. The blood sugar values under high temperature after imposition of these drugs decreased further in insulin, Thyradin and pilocarpine cases, while increased in an adrenalin case and the increase in an atropine case was accelerated.
9. By further imposition of vitamin C on the above mentioned cases, the blood sugar values were influenced by vitamin C in a way to inhibit both the decrease in a Thyradin case and the increase in atropine and adrenalin caes, but no influence was proved in insulin and pilocarpine cases.

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The glycogen content in both livers and muscles as well as the blood sugar values were measured after letting guinea pigs standing for 2 hours at room temperature or at 41°. After imposition of a definite dose of India ink, lithion-carmine and “Koha” of neo-cyamine and in some cases together with vitamin C, and the following results were obtained:
1. By imposing these drugs, liver glycogen decreased slightly in India ink and pretty in lithion-carmine cases.
2. Liver glycogen content much more decreased by exposing the animal to high temperature after imposing these drugs, and the degree between India ink and lithion-carmine cases was almost the same, but, from the viewpoint of the degree of the decrease caused by drug itself, the India ink case was strongly influenced by high temperature. In a similar condition. liver glycogen content of the “Koha”-imposed was markedly high than the nonimposed.
3. The decrease of liver glycogen content under high temperature after imposition of these drugs. was slightly inhibited in India ink case by simultaneous imposition of vitamin C, while accelerated contrarily in the other cases by it.
4. Muscle glycogen content showed almost no change in India ink case, and it increased contrarily in lithion-carmine case.
5. Muscle glycogen content always decreased by exposure to high temperature after imposing these drugs, and vitamin C showed scarcely any effective action on these conditions.
6. The blood sugar values stayed at normal range in India ink case, but decreased in lithion-carmine case. It, furthermore, always increased by further imposition of vitamin C under high temperature. These influences to increase or decrease the value were most apparent in lithion-carmine case.

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As is well known Echinostoma cinetorchis is found occasionally as a parasitic worm in the human body, but it has been left unclarified whether it has some pathogenicity or not. Of course there isn't any report concerning the pathologic changes which may be caused by this parasite. This is the reason why the present author has carried out this experimental studies on the pathogenicity of the worm. The results obtained through the observation on rats are summarized as follows: 1. The experiment of feeding of the metacercaria of Echinostoma cinetorchis proved the worms living on the surface of the mucous membrane mainly in the lower parts of the small bowels. 2. The hosts carring the worms were attacked by slimy diarrhea followed by the symptoms such as nutritional disturbances and delated growth. 3. The intestinal walls, on which the worms were found to be adhered, gave a series of pathologic change, i. e. localized defects or focal necrosis of the mucous membrane, which generally appeared against the suckers of the worms, atrophy or degeneration of the mucous membrane surrounding the worms which appeared sometimes on the fairly large area around the massed worms and catarrhalic inflammation on the adjacent mucous membrane. Peyer's patches and mesenterial lymphnodes showed a slight reactive inflammation, hypertophy of follicles and lymphadenitis of simple type, rarely accompaning the circumscribed necrotic area. 4. The grade of clinical and pathological findings mentioned above changes according to the number of the worms attacking, i.e. the attack by the worms below ten in number gave not so marked injuries to the host, however, a severe pathologic change was caused by the attack of worms more than about thirty, which resulted frequently in the death of young rats. 5. Beside the attack on the intestine this worm can invide into the liver and cause a certain pathologic change which will be introduced precisely in the following paper. 6. Endemiological researches done in the districts of Takaya-cho, Ibara-shi of Okayama-ken revealed that the intermediate host of this worm is a kind of shell fish, viviparus malleatus, 93% of which were found to be carring the metacercaria of this worm. Thus it has been clarified that the endemic disease, Echinostomiasis, found in the said districts is caused by taking the low or half-boiled viviparus carring the metacercaria.

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In the previous paper the author reported the pathological studies on the animals affected by Echinostoma cinetorchis with some endemiological observations presenting the fundamental knowledge on the pathogenicity of this worm. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the mechanism of heterotopic parasitism of this worm and pathologic changes in the liver which have been found unexpectedly on the two cases of affected animals as introduced briefly in the previous paper. The experiments revealed the mechanism of this curious heterotopic parasitism of this intestinal parasitic trematoda, i.e. 1. Repeated feeding of metacercaria proved that this worm acutually can invide into the liver (passing through the common bile ducts) and grow in the intrahepatic ducts. 2. The feeding test proved that the worms invide more frequently into the liver of starved animals than of those of normally nurished, indicating the starvation gave a better condition for the invasion into the liver. 3. On the other hand, the massive parasitism in intestine also caused frequent intrahepatic invasion, though the massive feeding of metacercaria not always resulted in the massive intestinal parasitism.
The pathologic changes seen on the attacked liver are summarized as follows. 1. The defect or desquamation of the epithelium of the bile ducts surrounding the worm body, which will be the results of mechanic injury given by the parasite. 2. Generallized cholangitis and pericholangitis which would be induced by the mechanic injury followed by bacterial infection. This was accompanied by the inflammatory changes of the parenchym and the vessels of pfortal system. 3. Focal necrosis of the liver cells caused by the secoundery induced disturbances of circulatory system which developed to the purulent foci elswhere. 4. Exsudative and proliferative inflammation on the tissues surrounding the eggs of the worm.

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