Forty-five cases of gastrectomies and 39 cases of exploratory laparotomies had been performed in 84 cases of the chronic gastritis. They were requested to write for their postoperative conditions and the author has made a comparative study on the results, in 37 cases of gastrectomies and in 30 cases of exploratory laparotomies, from the clinical symptomes and the resected specimens.
The gastralgia as a chief complaint has been reduced from 37.8% to 16.2% by means of the gastrectomies.
The results were;
1) good in 89.1% of the gastrectomized cases and in 86.6% of the exploratory cases.
2) effective in the patients had advanced atrophic gastritis.
3) excellent in the older patients, and fair in the younger.
4) no differences were encountered in between antrum gastritis and pyloric gastritis.

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The author has determined pepsin in the chronic gastritis by Bucher, Grossman, Ivy method and compared with it in the other stomach diseases.
1) The fasting pepsin level; 87.3 P. U.^Hb in the gastric ulcer, 54.8 P. U.^Hb in the stomach cancer, 102.0 P. U.^Hb in the gastric ulcer, and 183.6 P. U.^Hb (the highest in all) in the duodenal ulcer. Pepsin has been proved even in the case of achlorhydria in the chronic gastritis.
2) Gastric secretion by the use of its stimilants (Histamine, Insulin, Vagostigmin, Caffeine, and dried bonito extract) increased in the pepsin level in every case, and was marked especially by the vagus stimulant. Pepsin level was considerably elevated in some of the hypochlorhydria in the chronic gastritis and especially by the vagus stimulant. Acidity and pepsin level, in general, went side by side on the use of the stimulants excepting histamine, and those relation was definite in the caffeine and in the dried bonito extract. The elevation of the pepsin level was much higher than that of the acidity, in insulin and in vagostigmin.

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The author has determined the pepsin-like substance, so-called uropepsin, in the urine by the method of Bucher and Mirsky.
Results obtained were as follow.
The uropepsin decreased considerably in the stomach cancer, and increased in the gastric and the duodenal ulcers. In the chronic gastritis the uropepsin was moderate in amount, which was less than that in the healthy stomach.
No relation has been observed between the gastric acidity and the uropepsin level; The uropepsin level was not correspond to the peptic secretory activity of the stomach. There were some cases showing high uropepsin level after gastrectomy on the duodenal ulcer.
The author has concluded that the uropepsin production had been promoted by the operation which had given an influence to the adrenal gland as a kind of stress.

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1) The mucosa is mostly thick and covered by mucus. It shows decrease and strophy of the mucosa folds, severe catarrhalic changes, and hemorrhagic erosions.
2) The metastases to the gastric mucosa occur on ralatively early days, shortest on the 14th. day. Their favorite sites are the fundus, the pyrolic region and the greater curvature side of the body.
3) There are three types in the metastatic lesions; 1. Finger-tip in size and forms ulcer. 2. Miliary in size and grayish in color. 3. Mixed type of 1. and 2.
4) The lung is the most favorite metastatic organ, excepting the stomach, and the liver and the kidney follow in order. No metastases are seen in the spleen and in the intestinal mucosa.
5) The metastases are embolic or develop in the middle layer of the mucosa or proliferate on the surface of the mucosa.
6) There is no findings to prove hematogenic metastases by the arteriography of the stomach wall.
7) The rats repeatedly administered B-P tissue extract show catarrhalic changes in the gastric mucosae.

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1. The red blood cells of sheep sensitized by polysaccharide of E. Coli and the hemagglutination recognized by anticoliserum of rabbit.
2. The ability of sensitizing by the polysaccharide is not weakened by 100°C. The red blood cells well sensitized in 37°C, but in case of the low temperature (under 5°C) or in acid solution, weak.
3. The hemagglutination by protein fraction of E. Coli can not recognized.

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1. The sheep red cells sensitized with bacterial polysaccharide are dissolved by spcific antipolysaccharideserum and complement.
2. In this hemolytic test, the amount of the red cells run parallel to the amount of complement.
3. At first sensitized red cells are mixed with the antiserum, thereafter complement is added to this mixture, so the hemolytic test is inhibited because the red cells are already agglutinated by the antiserum.

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1. The hemolysis is not observed in the agglutinated red blood cells with sufficient complement, this phenomenon increased after hemagglutination occurs.
2. The hemagglutination does not occur by non salt medium (9% cane sugar), and so the inhibition of hemolysis not recognized.
3. Therefore it is desirable by hemolysis that all component (hemolysin, red blood cell and complement) in the same time mixed or that hemolysin and red cell in cane sugar medium and then complement added.

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1. The agglutination by ricin occurs more slowly than immune reaction.
2. The agglutinated red cells by ricin are not completely dissolved, in spite of sufficient haemolysine and complement added.
3. The antiricin of rabbit neutralizes the hemagglutination of ricin and toxity to mouse, according to precipitin test by Ramon.

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In order to clarify the developmental course of the maxillary sinus of children by tomography, I wished to obtain the average size of the head of male and female primary school pupils in each school year as the experimental data and measured the face and skull of 1742 pupils at 10 places.
(1) The zygomatic arch width, external eye-orbit diameter, mandibular angle width and nasal height of male and female 3rd year pupils were found to be remarkably developed. The minimum frontal width of 5th year boys and 3rd year girls was also markedly developed.
(2) The maximum head length, maximum head width, morphological upper face height and morphological face height of boys and girls in each school year were increasingly well developed.
(3) The inter inner canthus width of all pupils in each school year was not increased.

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School children with the average size of the head were studied as the experimental subjects.
(1) The left-right diameter and area of the maxillary sinus of 5th year. boys and 2nd year girls were remarkably increased.
The up-down diameter of 5th and 6th year boys and the 2nd and 5th year girls and the anterior-posterior diameter of 3rd and 6th year boys and of 2nd and 5th year girls were also remarkably increased.
(2) The sinus bottom of first year boys was located at 2/3 of the lower nasal canal and that of first year girls at 5/9 of the lower nasal canal. The sinus bottom of 4th year boys and 2nd year girls was of the same height as the nasal bottom.
(3) Before the cuspid grew, the external edge of the cuspid sack was 1.0cm outside of the extremely external edge of the lower nasal canal, its upper edge 1.0cm. above the nasal bottom and its posterior edge within 2.0cm straightly backward from the tip of the spina nasalis anterior.
(4) The distance from the dental sack (at the root of teeth) to the sinus bottom was short in first, 2nd, 3rd and 4th year pupils (cuspid, 2nd bicuspid 2nd and 3rd molar teeth), in 5th pupils (2nd bicuspid, 2nd and 3rd molar teeth) and in 6th pupils (first, 2nd and 3rd molar teeth).

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The relation between the development of the paranasal sinus of school children and the shape of their face was studied.
(1) The maxillary sinus area, ethmoidal sinus area and frontal sinus area have a high correlation with the up-down, left-right and anterior-posterior diameters, respectively.
(2) The maxillary sinus area, and ethmoidal sinus area have a close correlation with the maximum head length, zygomatic arch width, external eye-orbit diameter, mandibular angle width, nasal height, morphological upper face height and morphological face height.
However, the frontal sinus area has no correlation with them.
(3) It is not clarified by my experiment, whether the mandible of pupils has any relation to the development of their paransal sinus.

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(1) Sinus curative operations were performed on the maxillary sinus of young dogs. Five months after the operation, the heads were cut off for examinations and Roentgeno-pathohis-tological study on the influences of operation upon the development of teeth and sinus was made.
(2) The operation did not show any influences upon the sinus area and growth of teeth. This was ascertained both pathohistologically and roentgenographically.
(3) From chapter II Relation between the development of the sinus and that of the teeth and the result of this chapter, curative operations can be performed on pupils after the cuspids grow as on adults. Also it was concluded that anatomically and pathohistologically it is possibe to operate those whose cuspids have not yet grown up if Caldwell-Luc's operation is selectively performed.

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The fluorescent lamp, a new light-source which is called the “ideal light”, was experimentally compared with the incandescent lamp on the quantitative basis, and the undermentioned conclusions were obtained.
(1) In Lange's Standard-Beleuchtungsmesser, the photoelectric current is accurately proportional to the intensity of illumination, and the error is within a range of about 5% as checked with the Hefner's lamp, proving that it is an excellent photo-cell illuminometer.
(2) In photometry, if there is a space more than double the length of mojor axis, the error is slight even though the inverse square law is applied.
(3) The green fluorescent lamp is the highest in luminous intensity and lamp efficiency, which values lessen in order of the white fluorescent lamp, daylight fluorescent lamp, blue-white fluorescent lamp, pink fluorescent lamp and blue fluorescent lamp.
(4) The comparison between the value of luminous intensity as measured by Bechstein's Flimmerphotometer and the values obtained by photometers of other types proves the following:
(a) The error is generally small in Weber's photometer, but in case of green, blue-white or blue light, which differs in color of light, the measurement of R-G is impracticable.
(b) The error in Bechstein's Luxmeter is less than 5% in any colors of light except green. However, in measurement of different colors other than the so-called “white”, there is a trend that the judgement of equilibrium is apt to accompany difficulties.
(c) Errors in Tavolux are rather great, but this is considered to be due to the variation caused by age.
(d) In Lange's Standard-Beleuchtungsmesser, the error is small in case of white lights, but is fairly great in case of heterochromatic lights. Generally it is difficult to make the physical eye perfectly in accord with the international standard visibility curve, hence there is the need to obtain the light-meter correction factors with respective photometers.
(5) Brightness is extremely small in fluorescent lamps, being 0.46c/cm² for the white fluorescent lamp, and 0.37c/cm² for the daylight fluorescent lamp, or so small as 1/70 of the 100W frosted incandescent lamp, whereas the lamp efficiency is so high as 57 times the incandescent lamp.
(6) The bulb-wall temperature of a fluorescent lamp is very low, while its heat radiation is small. It is a so-called cool light.
(7) It is desirable to light a fluorescent lamp at an ambient temperature within the range of 10°30°C. The maximum luminous intensity is attained at the temperature of 20°21°C.
(8) In photometric measurement of a fluorescent lamp, it must be carried out after the lapse of more than 10 minutes from the time when the lamp is lit first.
(9) One-fifths of both end-parts of a fluorescent lamp are darker by about 30% as compared with other parts of the lamp.
(10) In the horizontal illumination curve of fluorescent lamp, there is witnessed a peculiar refraction at the horizontal distance of 50cm rigth beneath the light-source.
(11) When measuring the luminous intensity and illumination, the location and direction of light-source must always be kept constant.
(12) The variation in luminous intensity for every 1% of the change in the voltage of light-source is 1.8% with the fluorescent lamp, and such variations are lineal as shown in graph. In the incandescent lamp, the variation in luminous intensity grows large in proportion to the rise in voltage, and keep the relations between each other which are represented by a curve. The variations in intensity of illumination within any given time-unit are far less in frequency and degree compared with the incandescent lamp, and are less affected by the fluctuations in the voltage of the source of electric supply.

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Comparison was made between the fluorescent lamp and the incandescent lamp basing on qualitative experiments, and the following conclusion was reached.
(1) In incandescent lamps when the reflection factor of the color of reflector is smaller, intensity of illumination will be so much the lower. The same tendency is seen with fluorescent lamps, but the effect is generally smaller as compared with incandescent lamps. Furthermore, when the color of reflector belongs to the same color group as the dominant wave-length of the light-source, intensity of illumination will be stronger. In case it is of the complementary hue or of the same color group, illumination comes out weaker.
(2) When various artificial light-sources are mutually compared by the quantities of filtered radiation, it is found that the light of daylight and white fluorescent lamp resembles most closely the daylight in cloudy weather. In incandescent lamps, the zone of long wave-length is in excess, while the blue and violet zones can hardly be seen.
(3) Even among the persons with normal sense of color, a high percentage of misreading and hard-reading of Stilling's Charts occurs under the illumination by an incandescent lamp, whereas under that of a white fluorescent lamp, the percentage is extremely lower.
(4) As the color rendition of various light·sources are examined from the viewpoint of the “difference of color”, de luxe daylight fluorescent lamp is most superior. Next comes de luxe white fluorescent lamp, and it further worsens in the order of the daylight fluorescent lamp, white fluorescent lamp, fluorescent filament lamp, and daylight lamp. Ordinary electric lamps are markedly inferior. However, daylight fluorescent lamps are entirely the reverse of ordinary electric lamps in their status of the “difference of color”.
(5) Although the fluorescent lamp is an artificical light-source superior to the incandescent lamp in both quantitative and qualitative aspects, they should be utilized to their best advantage respectively so as to conform to the use intended.

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The author has, ever since 1950, been in the comparative study of fluorescent lamps and incandescent lamps as artificial light-sources by making quantitative and qualitative experiments to prove which is superior from the viewpoint of eye-hygiene and illumination engineering. This time, the author conducted comparative experiments with both types of light-sources in relation to speed of vision with fixed test types, and discernible velocity with moving objects, coming to the following conclusion.
A. Fixed Test Types
(1) Of all types of light-sources, irrespective of white or colored, time of exposure drastically lessens for the range from 1 H. Lux to 30 H. Lux, and the minimum is reached at about 50 H. Lux. Then gradual decrease in time of exposure continues up until 100 H. Lux. The speed of vision is proportional to logarithm of intensity of illumination.
(2) White light is usually superior in speed of vision to any colored light, namely, de luxe daylight fluorescent lamp is best, and then daylight fluorescent lamp and white fluorescent lamp come next slight differences. Then the incandescent lamp, blue-white fluorescent lamp, green fluorescent lamp, and pink fluorescent lamp follow in the order.
(3) The rate of the increase in speed of vision to the increase in intensity of illumination is greater in low intensity of illumination, and it grows smaller as intensity of illumnation rises up.
B. Moving Object
(4) Discernible velocity varies even with the same regularly spaced black and white stripe-patterns in accordance with the angle to face the direction of movement. Discernible velocity is at the minimum in case of the angle of ±45°, and as getting farther off from this angle, it grows the greater.
(5) The broader the space is between the black and white stripes, the greater will be the discernible velocity.
(6) In case the size of test type remains unchanged, discernible velocity suddenly grows greater until the intensity of illumination on the surface of test type is as large as 3050 H. Lux, and thence up to 500 H. Lux, it continues to increase but gradually. Discernible velocity is proportional. to logarithm of intensity of illumination.
(7) In case intensity of illumination is constant, discernible velocity gets heightened, as the test type grows larger in area. A lineal relation is established between the two factors.
(8) In case the bright and dark faces of the moving object continue to alternate, the illumination by fluorescent lamps is found inferior to that of incandescent lamps in low intensity of illumination up to 100 H. Lux. In cases other than the above, no significant difference is noticed between the two light-sources, irrespective of moving object or intensity of illumination.

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In the course of research of the relation between color vision and fatigue, use of an electric-motor type color-mixer as a new method of measuring fatigue was considered, and, accordingly, the changing phases in relation to a few experimental load work were duly observed, on a result of which the following conclusion was obtained.
(1) Provided that illumination is constant, the flicker frequency will become larger as the difference of luminosity of the test charts mounts.
(2) Provided that the difference of luminosity of the test charts is constant, a straightline relation is formed between the flicker frequency and the logarithm of illumination.
(3) The new method of measuring fatigue by use of an electric-motor type color-mixer, newly worked out by the present author, has been named the color-mixing flicker test.
(4) Working on the same principle as the conventional flicker test, the new method is considered to be superior to the former.
(5) This method is considered to be highly sensitive and efficient as a method of measuring fatigue.

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Many discussions have been made about the mechanism or the cause of brain edema. The writer planned to study the difference among various kinds of brain edema with different causes, experimentally by measuring the water content of cats' brain.
In the cases of brain edema caused by ligation of the bilateral jugular veins, injection of destilled water into the carotid artery and experimental commotio cerebri, the free as well as the total water increased and the bound water showed no change, thus the “edematous type” resulted. The increase of the free as well as the total water was most striking in those with injection of destilled water into the carotid artery, then in those with ligation of the jugular veins and less in those with commotio cerebri.
In the cases of brain edema caused by irrigation of warm physiologic saline solution upon the surface of brain, the free as well as the total water decreased and the bound water increased, thus the “swelling type” was seen.
In the cases with experimental chronic internal hydrocephalus, no change was seen in the total, free or bound water.

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As stated in Part I, the writer has found the difference of the water content among various kinds of brain edema. Therefore, the minerals in the cortex were investigated.
For the measurement of natrium (Na) and potassium (K), Rourke iodine method and Kramer-Tisdall oxydation method were used after wet ashing. For chlorine (Cl), the extract of the cortex with saturated picric acid was investigated with the method described by Schales and Schales.
In the cases of brain edema of edematous type caused by ligation of the bilateral jugular veins, injection of destilled water into the carotid artery and experimental commotio cerebri, Na and Cl increased and K decreased. The increase of Na and Cl was most striking in those with injection of destilled water into the carotid artery, then in those with commotio cerebri, and less in those with ligation of the jugular veins. Thus the change of Na and Cl was parallel to that of the water content.
The decrease of K was most striking in those with ligation of the jugular veins and injection of destilled water into the carotid artery, and less in those with commotio cerebri, thus inverse to the change of the water content.
All of Na, Cl and K decreased in the cases of brain edema of swelling type caused by irrigation of warm physiologic saline solution upon the surface of brain.
In the cases with experimental chronic internal hydrocephalus, there was almost no change of Na, Cl and K.

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The writer investigated the motor cortex macroscopically and microscopically.
An edematous change was observed in the cases of brain edema caused by ligation of the bilateral jugular veins, injection of destilled water into the carotid artery.
In the cases of brain edema caused by experimental commotio cerebri, degeneration of the nerve cells was considerably marked besides the edematous change.
Thus the edematous change was most striking in those with injection of destilled water into the carotid artery, while the degeneration of the nerve cells was marked in those with commotio cerebri.
In the cases with experimental chronic internal hydrocephalus, the edematous change was slight, but the degeneration was relatively marked. This seems to be due to the longer experimental period for the hydrocephalus than others.
In the cases of brain edema caused by irrigation of warm physiologic saline solution upon the surface of brain, the edematous change couldn't be observed, but degeneration was marked, thus the swelling type was seen.
These pathological findings are understood to correspond to the changes of the water content and the minerals.

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Studies were made by observing the effect of continued X-ray irradiation of small and medium dosages, and one massive dosage at one time on whole rabbit's body which animals have been administered of ethanol, and subsequently studied the findings of the blood picture examination which included the numbers of red and white blood cells, hemoglobin content, and the numbers of erythrocytes containing Heinz bodies (after Yoshida et Kawamura's), the variation of toxic granules in leucocytes, and the histological changes of liver, spleen, kidney and bone marrow. The rabbits which have been irradiated with a single massive dosage were observed of reticulo-endothelial function and resistance of erythrocytes.
1. The blood picture of the rabbits which had daily irradiation for a period of 200 days with the dosage of 10 r(9.5 r/min.) whole body and fed with 5% ethanol 10 cc/kg daily was compared with the one of the control animals which had no ethanol. Results showed there were no change seen in numbers of erythrocytes and hemoglobin quantity but the number of leucocytic reduction, or the increase in the erythrocytes containing Heinz body and the leucocytes having toxic granules were found to be less than the controls. Histological findings of liver showed practically no difference between ethanol administered rabbits and the controls. Atrophy of follicles of spleen, deposition of hemosiderin, degeneration of nephritic tubules, lowering cellular content in bone marrow could be seen in both groups, but ethanol administered group showed less change than the controls.
2. The rabbits which had daily X-ray irradiation of 300 r (11.1 r/min.) for a period of 10 days or 300 r (17.6 r/min.) for a period of 4 days were given to the entire body of animals of 3 groups: each group was administered of 3.53% ethanol or beer (Asahi brand) 10 cc/kg during and after the time of irradiation, and they were contrasted with those groups which had no ethanol or beer. It was found that those animals fed with ethanol or beer did recover earlier from blood disturbance than those of the controls. While, the effect was less than control in the histological changes whether they had ethanol or beer among above three groups of animal.
3. The rabbits which had a single irradiation of 1000 r (120.5 r/min.) dosage at one time on the whole body and fed with 5% ethanol 10cc/kg showed somewhat less blood changes, and did recover earlier from blood disturbance than the controls. The function of reticuloendothelial system was reduced in both ethanol administered group or control animals for a while following the irradiation, but later, the controls returned to the condition closed to the pre-irradiation, while the ethanol group showed heightened condition of pre-irradiation time as well as milder histological changes than the controls.

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Of the variaus methods of section-making devised by many people to study enamel caries histo-pathologically, the Imagawa's direct paraffin embedding has been turned aut to be an effective method for studying enamel caries. This method is the one contrary to the standard section-making-first, by embedding the part necessary for the study of surface layer with paraffin and after taking off the unneclssary part by decalcification, observing the section of the necessary part remaining.
I have examined this method and, adopted the method of using the crawn part of the teeth only, or using a lower pressure in paraffin embedding and decalcification, or using stained paraffin in the last paraffin addition. I have improved the method.
Consequently I have faund out that this method is simple and easy to operate, the time taken to make a section is much shortened and a thin section is made. Moreover, in the paraffin negative model got after decalcification, we have an advantage of abserving cubically the form of normal grooves and fissures and the pracess of the early enamel caries. So I have been able to make the use of the Imagawa's direct paraffin embedding more valuable.
By using this method improved by me I have studied the birth and origin of the early enamel caries histo-pathologicalyl about human and animal teeth and got these uew results.
1) By using a stereoscopic microscope I haue abserved the paraffin negative model of human teeth grooves and fissuses and got results as follows-
a) The form of grooves and fissures is not a simple one, but a complex cupola one.
b) The individual characteristics can be seen in the height, form, color of the grooves and fissuses, in the same individual, the symmetrical form in the grooves and fissures of the teeth which are in the same jaws and have the same names.
c) The caries of fissures is not always begun at its bottom. And the early caries of fissures sometimes a completely indefinite enlargement.
2) By using the direct paraffin embedding I have observed microscopically the grooves and fissures of human teeth and their proximal surface and got results as follows-
a) In the normal fissures and on the proximal surface can be found filaments grawing always on the enamel cuticle.
b) These filaments are dyed into Gram positivity and iodine dying appears positively in some of them.
c) Filamentous organisms, on which other bacteria, food remnants and cells fix themselves, form “bacterial plague”.
d) The first and second enamel cuticles are always demonstred in the normal fissures and on the proximal surface.
e) The early enamel cariee always begins directly below “baetereial plaque” the enamel cuticles break up, and the net-warks (zone of decalcification) grow and bacteria intrude.
3) By using the direct paraffin embedding I have observed microscopically the graoves and fissures of gnimal teeth got results follows-
a) In the normal grooves and fissures and on the proximal surface of animals-such as, rat, hamster, guinea pig, cow, horse, pig, goat, dog, cat, nutria-can always be found filamentous organisms grawing.
b) Every animal has different forms of filaments grawing on the surface of its teeth.
c) In the animal filaments, the Gram positive ones are mixed up with the Gram negative ones. The iodine dying, in every case, is negative.
d) In the experimental dental caries with rats and hamsters, the microscopic findings of the early enamel caries accord with those of human dental caries.

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Fecal stones or fecal masses in the appendix as well as the normal feces were investigated by X-ray analysis.
1. The crystal substance contained in the fecal stone and the fecal mass in the appendix was considered of apatite, starch and a substance with unknown diffracting shade, while the crystal substance in the normal feces was only consisted of starch. Thus, the most important component of the fecal stone is the crystal of apatite, which emerges with a process of inflammatory change.
A layer construction of the calcium and the feces was crystallographically obseved in the fecal stone.
In severe appendicitis, the macroscopic finding of the fecal stone considerably corresponded with its crystallographic classification, but not in the mild one. Several fecal stones or masses in the same appendix represented almost the same crystallographic findings.

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Fecal stones and fecal masses in the appendix and the normal feces were examined by spectrometric analysis, and the following results were obtained.
1. The component elements of the fecal stone or fecal mass were Ca., Mg., P., Al., Si, Mn, Na, Cu, Fe, K, Ti and B, among which Ca, Mg and P were always found.
2. No difference was observed in the component elements between the fecal stone and the fecal mass.
3. The component elements of the normal feces were Ca, Mg, P, Al, Si, Mn, Na, Cu and K, among them Ca, Mg, Si, P, Cu and Na were always found.
4. The fecal stone contained more P, Si and Mn and less Al and K than the normal feces.
5. The increase of Ti, Fe and B and the changes of P, Si, Mn, Al and K in the fecal stone are considered to be due to the inflammatory process, and this fact was observed even inside of the stone.
6. A considerable quantitative difference of the component elements except Ca, Mg and P was seen between the two stones in the same appendix.

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The central part of the fecal stone consists of the feces, having lime and fibrin.
The layers of the fecal stone consists of fecal, lime and fibrin layer. The thickness of each layer, however, are not constant and moreover, different even in the smae layer, thus making sometimes imperfect circle.
The extremely outer surface of the stone has mostly cellular layer or fibrin network.
Many parasitic ovi were found in the fecal layer, but the possibility for them to be the factors of nucleus formation could hardly be considered.

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Various concrements from the human body were investigated by metalloscopy, and their growing mechanism was studied.
1. The surface of forty choleliths, more than 50 uro-liths and 2 sialoliths were investigated by metalloscopy. A figure of spiral growth was seen in 9 uroliths, but neither in choleliths nor in sialoliths.
2. As above mentioned, there were a few caliculi, which developed by spiral growth mechanism, just like the usual crystal formation in the nature. These caliculi were consisted of uric acid mainly.
3. In uric acid caliculi at first the crystal granuli grow in spiral mechanism as elements and play a main roll for growth. In such way they need no strong colloidal chemical changes for their growth.
4. Other caliculi, in which no spiral growth figure has been found, are of course to have to had crystals as their main elements. Therefore it is considered that, they grow in the same spiral mechanism which could not only be found because of their desiccation after extirpation and insufficient magnification.

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Epileptic seizures were caused by Alumina cream in the rabbits with experimental chronic local cerebral anaphylaxis by repeating injections of diluted cow serum with phosphatide as antigen every 4 days for a long time, and in the normal. The results were as follows:
1) The epileptic seizures occurred earlier in the chronic cerebral local anaphylactic rabbits than in the normal by infusion of 2% Alumina cream into the cisterna magna.
2) The injection of Alumina cream into the brain substance did not show any difference between the both groups.
3) When the Alumina cream disk was put on the surface of the brain, a distinctly higher frequency of seizures was observed in the chronic cerebral local anaphylactic rabbits.
4) By the Alumina cream disk the nerve cells showed a marked degeneration and a tendency of atrophy, but there was no difinite difference between the both groups.
5) In short, by the experiment with Alumina cream, it was cleared that, the chronic cerebral local anaphylactic rabbits were ready to start the epileptic seizure more easily than the normal and seemed to have an epileptic arrangement.

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1) The chronic cerebral local anaphylactic rabbits showed a higher activity of cholinesterase in the cortex and the nucleus lenticularis than the normal.
2) By sticking of the Alumina cream disk on the surface of brain, the cholinesterase acitivity of the cortex markedly decreased on the fifth day and remained constant on the 10th and the 20th day in the normal as well as the anaphylactic rabbits.
3) In the nucleus lenticularis, cholinesterase activity decreased on the 5th and the 10th day, but returned almost to the normal on the 20th day.
4) These cholinesterase activities were always larger in the chronic cerebral local anaphylactic rabbits than in the normal, but the course of their changes was similar.
5) In short, acetylcholin metabolism was accelerated distinctly in the chronic cerebral local anaphylactic rabbits by Alumina cream disk sticking. The increase of cholinesterase activity is to owe to cerebral local anaphylaxis and these anaphylactic rabbits are considered to be in the dispositon to epileptic convulsion.

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The author have made a study on the renal function in 46 cases of bilateral renal tuberculosis by examining the fluid test and the blue excretion test; the Nephrectomia was performed in 14 cases of all; the fluid test, the blue excretion test, the quantity and the specific gravity of the urine were compared.
The results were as followed:
(1) Concerning the excretion ability, 56.8% of all showed normal (i.e., 15.9% were excellent, 40.9% were good) aud 43.2% were insufficient.
In the concentration ability, 18.1% showed normal (i.e., 2.2% were excellent, 15.9% were good) and 81.9% were insufficient.
These results were inferior to those observed in the unilateral renal tuberculosis.
(2) In the Phenolsulfophthalein test, 22.2% showed the excretion level above 71% in an hour. In the Indigocarmin excretion test, 57.5% showed unsatisfactory on both side. These results were also inferior to those of the unilateral cases.
(3) In these examinations, the cases in which the operation was performed showed superior results than the cases in which the operation was not able to be performed.
Concerning the results of these tests performed after the operation, the urine quantity was rather inferior to that of the unilateral cases and the specific gravity showed no difference, but the results of the fluid test and the colouring matter excretion test were superior to those of the unilateral cases.
(4) No difference could be seen between the side of affection or the sex of the patients, but concerning the age of the patients, cases of younger generations showed somewhat superior results than that of older generations.

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81 cases of tuberculosis of kidney were treated with various chemotherapeutics, i.e. Streptomycin (Dihydrostreptomycin), PAS, Tibione, Isonicotinic acid hydrazide and combination of Streptomycin and Tibion, Streptomycin and Isonicotinic acid hydrazide respectively.
The effects of these chemotherapies were satisfactory, especially Streptomycin alone or combination of Streptomycin and Isonicotinic acid hydrazide indicated the marked clinical improvements.

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