With a view to clarify the cause of so-called Banti's disease the author studied the adrenal cortical function in patients with this disease, and obtained the following results.
1. Elevation in the basal metabolic rates can be observed in many cases.
2. As for electrolytes in serum, sodium, potassium, chlorine and calcium are decreased, but phosphorus is increased to a high degree, while Na/K ratio is increased.
3. Robinsou Power-Kepler water test is positive in the majority of cases.
4. Blood sugar level in early morning is slightly high, and in the insulin sensitivity test, the insulin index has been fonnd to have declined and restoration of lowered blood sugar is prolonged.
5. On measuring 17-KS and free chemocorticoids (Ch. C.) excreted in the urine, the amount of 17-KS is decreased conspicuously, but Ch. C. is increased slightly.
6. In the gel-ACTH loading test the adrenal cortical reserve function is declined.
7. After splenectomy the rate of the basal metabolism increases still further and the insulin sensitivity test yields about the normal values, but the adrenal cortical reserve function as observed by the gel-ACTH loading test does not show any change.
8. From these facts it is possible to assume that there is a decliue in the adrenal cortical function in this disease.

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After a single or successive intramuscular injections of the patients with so-called Banti's disease into albino rats the author observed the adrenal cortical function hourly or daily and obtained the following results.
1. The number of peripheral erythrocytes was markedly decreased in both those given a single and those given the successive injections. This fact proves the existence of anemia inducing factor in the sera of so-called Banti's disease.
2. A fall in the adrenal cortical reserve function can be recognized after the successive injection.
3. There can be recognized no fixed tendency in the change of Na, K, Cl, Na/K in the serum.
4. The weight of the adrenal gland shows a slight decrease after the successive injections.
5. The total ascorbic acid of adrenals decreases after the single injection, while on the contrary, it increaaes markedly by degrees in the successive injections.
6. Histochemically in the case of the single injection, lipid granules of the adrenal cortex decrease in number and grow finer in the fascicular zone, while in the successive injections they become grosser and reticular in the fascicular and glcmerular zones.
7. The histological picture of the adrenal cortex in the successive injections reveals the swelling of the capsule and of the glomerular zone, hyperemia and the regressive changes in the nuclei and protoplalma in the reticular zone, but hardly any change can be observed in the fascicular zone.
8. From these findings it seems that the adrenal cortical function is acclerated in the case of the single injection, while the function is decreased in the successive injections. And these changes are definitely caused by anemia producing factor in the sera of patients with so-called Banit's disease.

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This paper is concerned with morphologic and functional clarification of the human fetal membranes under the electron microscope.
The materials were taken from those of early and middle in pregnancy upon eurretage or subtotal hysterectomy, and those of late in pregnancy on cesarean section and full term normal delivery. These materials, after taken, are immediately fixed in mixed solution of osmic acid and veronal buffer solution and kept in refrigerator for 30 minutes. After rinsing them by water for 30 minutes, dehydration was carried on in ethanol series (50%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%) for 30 minutes in each. Sectioning was performed by ultramicrotome and then submitted to electron microscope examination.
The results are as follows:
1) Chorionic membrane early in pregnancy shows a significant distinction between the syncitial cell layer and Langhans' cell layer.
2) Syncitial cells have no cellular demarcation each other.
3) Cilia of the syncitial cells project into the intervillous spaces.
4) Intercellular combination of amniotic epithelial cell is not dependent on so-called intercellular bridges, but on stratification of the cytoplasmic project.
5) There is a wavy appearance on the amniotic epithelial cells, beneath which the saw-teeth like cytoplamic projects are united with the underlying connective tissues.
6) As pregnancy progresses, the epithelial cell becomes taller followed by its cylindrical modification late in pregnancy.
7) Mitochondria are found rarely in the amniotic epithelial cells, and no secretory vacuoles and granules were seen. Golgi apparatus appears to be not well-preserved. From these findings, it is assumed that there is no secretory activity present in the amniotic epithelial cells. Perhaps, it may thus be denied that amniotic fluid is produced by the amnion.

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This paper presents a correlation of histological picture and dynamic strength of the human fetal membranes with a few antepartum conditions, using 255 cases of the fresh human fetal membranes over 5 th gestational month.
Results of the current study are summarized as follows.
1) A strength of the prematurely ruptured membranes is slightly decreased than that of normally ruptured ones, but no statistically significant difference was noted. The artificially delayed ruptured membranes showed approximately a mean value between the above two. Thus, it is pointed out that there is no relation of the strength to the stage of rupture. In order to clarify the varying degree of the strength, further study is extended to various mechanical and hydrodynamic activity during labor.
2) Whil the membranes of toxemia of late in pregnancy showed a slight decrease of strength compared withe those of normal, no striking difference was found. But, a specific histological picture which may reflect a lessening of the strength, was not found in the membranes of toxemia.
3) The highest strength was found in the membranes of 7 th gestational month, before of after which period a straight diminishing tendency was observed. The membranes of the 7 th month is 1.7 times stronger than those of full-term, which is slightly weaker than those of 5 th month and stronger than those of postmaturity. It may be indicated that there is a significant difference in strength between those of full-term and those of 6 th, 7 th, and 8 th month.
4) A slight elevated strength was obtained from the membranes of the cases with cesarean section comparing with those of full-term normal delivery. Although the membranes taken before initial labor pain starts showed a rather stronger tension than those after the pain started, it is noted that there is a significant difference between the both.
5) Fetal sex, newborn weight, parity or age of parturients do not give any iufluence to the strength.
6) A pressure needed for rupturing the membranes appeared to be less as the exposed diameter becomes larger. From this point, it is reasonable to consider that the membranes become easier to rupture with dilatation of the cervical canal, and that the rupture occurs when the rupturing pressure of the fetal bag reaches to the intrauterine pressure.
7) The strength of the fetal membranes is increased upon the areas as they approach to the placental margin from the part of ruptured orifice. The strength of the chorion in the former areas is 1.8 times stronger than that of the latter areas, also that of the amnion in the former areas is 1.5 times stronger than that of the latter areas.
8) A lower pressure is needed if the faster speed is used for rupturing the membranes. This is compatible with a clinical manifestation that the rupture of membranes may often occur with ease in case of a sudden rise of intrauterine and/or abdminal pressure.
9) Comparing a strength of each constituent of the fetal membranes, amnion of the placental part is utmost strong and the chorion is most weak. The placental amnion and chorion and the amnion of the other parts are 3.0, 2.4 and 1.8 times stronger, respectively, than the chorion.
10) It is found that a parallel relationship of the strength to thickness and developmental degree of the connective tissues. It is of interest to note that the membranes with less strength show frequently the inflammatory and degenerative changes.
11) It is also found that the membranes prematurely ruptured present, more frequently, the inflammatory and degenerative changes than those otherwise ruptured.
12) The degeneration and necrosis may be a significant feature encountered in the me nbranes of severe toxemia of pregnancy.

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Genital bleeding as a main symptome of myoma of the uterus is not uncommonly encountered by gynecologist. Clinical and histological studies were carried on both endometria and ovar es of 24 patients with myoma of the uterus. Specific attention was paid to clarify the bleeding mechanism from this diease, using histological and transparently modeled specimens of the blood vessels.
The transparent specimens were made as follows. After hysterectomy was done, a pigment solution was injected into the vessels and then, after an adequate dehydration, the specimens were trausferred to methylsalcilate for immersion. The binocular stereomicroscope was used for the present study.
Results of the study are summarized in the following.
1) Menstrual abnormality was found in 70, 9% of all the cases.
2) The endometrial and ovarian histology has the same cyclic changes as the normal does, and the endometrial secretory phase is compatible with the corpus luteum in the ovary.
3) The majority of cases showed endometrial hyperplasia.
4) In case of submucous myomata, a striking difference of the endometrial thickness and the histologic pictures between the surface endometria above the myomata and the other areas.
5) The blood vessels of myomatous endometria have the same cycle as those of the normal do. Although the intramuscular blood vessels in influenced by the myomata mass, there is no specific morphological changes found in the endometrial blood vessels.
6) In this study, no venous sinus was observed in the endometrium.
7) It would appear that the menstrual abnormality under myoma of the uterus may be caused by the mechanical effect from the myomatous mass upon the endometrial and myometrial vessels.

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タイワンザル脳,事故死ヒト脳の大脳皮質,大脳白質および小脳皮質,さらに高度の脳萎縮を伴い老人性痴呆にて死亡したヒト脳の大脳皮質を用い, 11種のα-アミノ酸, 3種のω-アミノ酸, 3種のヂアミノ酸,システイン酸,タウリンについて,組織のトランスアミナーゼ活性を測定した.
1. タイワンザル脳では,大脳皮質においてアラニンとバリンの活性が他部より低く,γ-アミノ酪酸とγ-アミノ-β-オキシ酪酸が高い.
2. 健常人脳では,アスパラギン酸,セリンが大脳皮質に,ヒスチジン,ロイシン,バリンが小脳皮質にて他部より高く,アラニン,フエニールアラニン,システイン酸は大脳白質において低い活性を示した.
3. タイワンザルおよび健常ヒト脳の大脳皮質では,いずれもアスパラギン酸,グリシン,フエニールアラニン,オルニチン,システイン酸の高い活性,およびアラニンの低い活性の点で他の下等動物脳と異なる.
4. 健常ヒト大脳皮質は,バリン,ロイシンおよび3種のω-アミノ酸の低い活性を以つてサルおよび下等動物と異なる.
5. 萎縮したヒト大脳皮質は,アラニン,ロイシン,バリン,γ-アミノ-β-オキシ酪酸の活性が健常ヒト大脳皮質より高く,むしろ下等動物のそれに近い.ヒスチジン,プロリン,オルニチンのグルタミン酸生成の著しい増加は健常ヒト脳および下等動物脳のいずれとも異なるが,ヒスチジンとプロリンはトランスアミナーゼ活性増加のみによるものかどうか疑わしい.

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ダイコクネズミ脳homogenateを用い,グルタミン酸-アスパラギン酸トランスアミナーゼ(GAT)活性に及ぼす18種の向精神薬,および3種の向神経薬の影響を測定した.
1. フエノチアジン系向精神薬は, Prochlorperazineを除く他の6種はいずれもGAT阻害を示し,阻害作用はChlorpromazineに最も強かつた. Chlorpromazine S-oxideはChlorpromazineに比してGAT阻害作用は著しく弱い. 2種のフエノチアジン系向神経薬はGAT活性に影響をみなかつた.
2. AzacyclonolはGAT阻害を示し, LSD-25は高濃度で阻害を示したが低濃度では影響を与えなかつた.
3, 中枢刺戟剤4種のうち, PipradrolとDMAEは促進, Methylphenidateは影響なく, Tofranilは阻害を示した.
4. バルビツール酸系睡眠剤AmobarbitalとPhenobarbital,非バルビツール酸系睡眠剤MethyprylonとGlutethimideは,すべて阻害を示した.しかるにバルビツール酸拮抗剤BemegrideはGATに無影響であつた.抗てんかん剤Primidoneは阻害を示した.
5. 実験に用いた中枢抑制剤13種のうち12種が阻害を示した.
6. GATに及ぼす作用において, ImipramineとChlorpromazineの類似, DiethazineやPromethazineとChlorpromazineとの差異を,化学構造における2個のN原子間の距離の一致と相異に対応すると考えた.

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35 cases of acute viral hapatitis and 60 cases of chronic hepatitis underwent needle liver biopsies, and the studies were made on the correlations between histological findings and liver function tests of these cases, and the following results were obtained.
1. In the preicteric and icteric stages of the acute viral hepatitis cases, cephalin cholesterol flocculation test, serum bilirubin and Azorubin-S excretion test presented closest correlations with histological findings of the liver.
2. In the convelescent stages of acute viral hepatitis, delayed recoveries were observed in Glisson's capsules and peripheral areas of the lobules rather than liver cells. in these cases, 63.3% of cephalin cholesterol flocculation test and Azorbin-S excretion test had mutual relations with histological pictures.
3. In the chronic hepatitis cases there was no evidence of close correlation between liver function tests and histological findings.
4. In the chronic hepatitis cases, in whom pseudolobules were formed histologically, hyperbilirubinemia, various serum colloid liver function tests and pigment excretion tests were all positive.
5. In the hepatitis type II (H. Eppinger) cases, a dissociation was observed between liver function tests and histological findings despite severe icterus and advanced impairment of the liver cells.

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A cases thought to be a I. N. Dubin & F, B. Johson's constitutional hemolytic icterus, a case with carcinoma of the stomach and a case with posthepatitic syndrome were described in this study. In the latter two cases, brown colored granules in the liver cells were noted. Studying these granules histochemically, in comparison with histochemical features of granules which were considered to bilifuscin or its analogous substance obtained following the administration of blood, verdohemoglobin and biliverdin into the subcutaneous tissues of mouse, these granules were not I. N. Dubin's lipofuscin like pigment but precipitation of bilifuscin in the liver cells stemmed from decomposition of bilirubin as results of abnormal bilirubin metabolism.

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Observing the histological changes of the internal organs of mouse following the oral administrations of 0.5 cc of arsenious acid in various concentrations, and the following results were obtained.
1. In the cases given 0.5 and 1.0% of arsenious acid orally, marked degenerations of the parenchymal cells ware observed mainly in the kidney and heart.
But, vascular damages were present in every organ, especially evident in the liver and spleen; hypertrophy of stelliform cells, destruction, dilatation, hyperemia, swelling and roughness of the vascular walls.
2. In the cases given daily 0.05% arsenious acid orally, increased degenerations of the parenchymal cells in the kidney and heart, comparing with initial stadium, was noted. But, the similar vascular damages were observed in the organs especially in the liver and spleen. Moreover, the lymphatic spaces have been dilated progressively, and some serous exudates was seen in the lymphatic spaces of the liver on the 6 th day.
3. In the cases given daily 0.05% arsenious acid orally. nodules accompanied with diffuse infiltration of round cells were observed on the 6 th day.
On the 7 th to 8 th day, there appeared coagulation necrosis in which central areas were almost full of polymorphnucleous leucocytes, stelliform cells and degenerative products from the liver cells. Small necrosis composed of lymphocytes and stelliform cells was seen on the 9 th to 10 th days.
4. As the histological changes of the mouse organs described above, were quite similar to those of the infectious hepatitis cases, this study would offer some suggestions to clarify the contributing factors in the pathology of infectious hepatitis.

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Observing the histological changes of the internal organs of the mice, having daily oral administrations of arsenious acid and simultaneous oral infection of Ectromelia virus and of the mice infected Ectromelia virus 4 days after the beginning of the arsenious acid administration, in compared with those that had daily arsenious acid without the infection, and the following results were obtained.
1. In the cases had the continuous administration of arsenious acid administration, in compared with those that had daily arsenious acid without the infection, and the following results were obtained.
In the liver of the same cases, degeneration and necrosis of the liver cells and nuclei were marked, on the other hand, regenerations of the liver cells in association with round cell infiltrations were noted. There were extensive parenchimal impairments in the kideny and heart as well.
2. In the cases with Ectromelia virus infection on the 4 th day after the beginning of the arsenious acid administration, much severe vascular damages, and degenerations and necrosis of the liver parenchyma especially marked in the peripheral areas of the lobules were observed There were more extensive parenchymal imparments in the kidney and heart.
3. The cases with both Ectromelia virus infection and the administration of the arsenic acid presented the pathological findings summed up both of damages but especially marked in the vascular regions.
In the cases with viral infection following the arsenious acid intoxication, the vascular damages due to the intoxication gave some influences upon the further pathological changes.
4. The vascular damages caused by the arsenious acid intoxication appeared to be essentially similar to those of Ectromelia virus infections.

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Observing leukocyte motility and leukocyte phagocytosis of Indiaink on the infectious hepatitis cases, and the following results were obtained.
1. In the healthy individuals, the leukocyte motility was ranging over 22.05 to 35.71 μ/min. and 1.88 to 2.22 in the leukocyte phagocytosis of India-ink.
2. In the acute hepatitis cases, the leukocyte motility was depressed initially and was then accelated in the convalescent stadium. Leukocyte phagocytosis of India-ink showed similar tendencies although they were fairly variable in the clinical courses.
3. The both functions of leukocyte showed approximate correlations to the impairments of liver functions.
4. In the acute hepatitis cases, the both functions of leukocyte were depressed in almost parallel with fever and leukocytosis.
5. In the chronic hepatitis cases, the leukocyte motility was within normal range, however, the phagocytosis of India-ink was depressed in some cases. The leukocyte motility showed approximate correlation to the impairments of liver function, on the other hand, the phagocytosis of India-ink did not always showed such correlation.

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Observing leukocyte motility and leukocyte phagocytosis of India-ink in the two groups of cases, the one of the which had formic acid allyl for only once and the other had daily small dosis, and studying the effect to the motility and phagocytosis of leukocyte of various drugs for infectious hepatitis, and the following results were obtained.
1. Following the administration of formic acid allyl (30 mg/kg), the leukocyte motility was accelated within one hour and thereafter depressed abruptly. On the other hand, the phagocytosis of Indiaink have dicreased after giving formic acid allyl. Both functions of leukocyte depressed markedly in the cases given increased formic acid allyl up to 50 mg/kg.
2. Following the administration of formic acid allyl, no effect to the both functions by giving Cortisone, unclear by DOCA, and an accelation and regaining of the both fnnctions were noted by giving ACTH. Regaining of the motility, not of the phagocytosis, from depressed state and further accelation were observed following the administration of 5% dextrose in water. Ferric chlorophyll preparations had the leukocyte motility regained from depressed state following the administration of formic acid allyl of 30 mg/kg, but no effect was seen after 50 mg/kg of formic acid allyl. There was no effect by ferric chlorophyll. Glucuronic acid showed a transient effect do leukocyte motility, but not to the phagocytosis of India-ink.
3. The both functions of leukocyte have markedly depressed, the maximum at 9th day in the cases who had been having formic acid allyl 10 mg/kg for 4 days.
4. In the above cases a slight improvement to the both functions of leukocyte was seen by giving Cortisone or DOCA, a distinctive improvement, on the other hand, by ACTH. 5% dextrose in water was effective only for leukocyte motility, and ferric chlorophyll demonstrated a slight effect for the both functions and so did glucuronic acid although transient for the phaocytsois.

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1. The absorption spectra of urobilin, bilirubin, uroerythrin, urochrom A and urochrom B were determined after separating them from urine.
2. In the absorption spectra using some solvents, there were other absorption spectra which were specific to the solvents and unspecific to the solutes. The mechanism of these absorption spectra was clarified.
3. Besides urochrom, uroerythrin had the most contributing factor to the color of urine, on the other hand urobilin and bilirubin were displaying very little rolls.

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After clarifying the spectrochemical features of biliverdin and bilirubin, absorption spectral analyses of their oxidative decompositions, absorption spectral analyses of their oxidative decompositions, following chromatographic fractions, were performed, and the following results were obtained.
1. As biliverdin was unstable chemically, accessory products were easily formed by washing bilirubin with water.
2. Choletelin, propentdyopent urochron etc, were proved, following the oxidation of biliverdin,
3. A blue colored chemically unstable substance was present after the oxidation of bilirubin, at wihch time the formations of biliverdin, propentdyopent and urochrom were proved in the absorption spectra.

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Studying the significance of serological diagnosis of auto-liver-antibody by means of collodion agglutination reaction, and also observing the production of the antibody following a few experimental liver impairments, the following results were obtained.
1. Positive titers of agglutination was determined as 128 times since the majority of the collodion agglutination reactions in the healthy individuals as well as in the cases of extrahepatic diseases, demonstrated below 128 times.
2. The positive titers of agglutination were noted in 73.9% on investigating the auto-liver-antibody of infectious hepatitis by means of the collodion agglutination reaction.
3. Observing the alteration of the auto-liver-antibody of infectious hepatitis by means of the collodion agglutination reaction and complement fixation reaction, it was noted that the collodion agglutination was more sensitive and that there were relatively high positive titers of the antibody in the acute stages (the second and third week) as well as in the chronic stages.
4. In the mutual relations between the quantities of the auto-liver-antibody detected by the agglutination reaction, the various clinical pictures and the laboratory data of infectious hepatitis, the reactive positive titer of agglutination have increased in proportion to serum colloid liver function tests, serum bilirubin (over 1 to 2 mg. %), positive urine urobilinogen reaction, and to hepato-splenomegalia. No evident correlation was noted between the reactive positive titers of agglutinations and the hemograms of infectious hepatitis, but in the group of the positive reaction fairy numbers of the cases with lymphocytosis and monocytosis were seen, compared with the group of negative ones.
5. Detecting the auto-liver-antibody by means of the collodion agglutination reaction have reflected the clinical pictures fairly well and would be a effective means for clarify the pathophysiology of hepatic diseases.
6. For the purpose of the investigation regarding the production of the auto-liver-antibody in case of aseptic liver impairment, experiments were performed such as aseptic squeezing, cauterization and ligation of the common bile duct. In these experiments, a production of the auto-liver-antibody was confirmed, in relatively early stages, by means of the collodion agglutination reaction.

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Observing erythrocyte agglutination reaction mainly in infectious hepatitis and with considerations of the correlation between sheep and rabbit erythrocyte agglutination and of absorption test, the following results were obtained.
1. In infectious hepatitis, the agglutination titer for rabbit erythrocyte agglutination reaction exhibited fairly high value and appeared to be almost paralled with that for sheep erythrocyte agglutination reaction. In this experiment, however, it seemed to be difficult to argue on the presence of Forssman-antibody.
2. The erythrocyte agglutination reaction with trypsin modified sheep erythrocytes showed fairly high titers in infectious hepatitis and even in other diseases compared with the agglutination titers for sheep erythrocyte agglutination reaction (Paul-Bunnell reaction). But, the alteration of these titers were approximately in proportion to those of Paul-Bunnell reaction.
3. In the absorption test of the sheep erythrocyte agglutination reaction in infectious hepatitis, the absorptions for boiled guinea pig kidney, guinea pig liver, bovine and sheep erythrocyte were quite variable and irregular. But, in a fairly number of cases of infectious hepatitis, moderately increased absorptions for guinea pig kidney and bovine erythrocytes were observed. In view of the alteration of the absorptions, during the periods of infections, the difference of the nature of the antibodies in infectious hepatitis and normal sera was predicted.

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Temporary occlusion of the unilateral pulmonary artery with a balloon catheter was carried out on total 60 patients with lung cancer, pulmonary tuberculosis or other chronic pulmonary diseases. Comparative study was made on dogs for investigating the cardiovascular response to reduction in the pulmonary vascular bed.
Following results were obtained.
1) Pleural thickening and parenchymal lesion extending over one lobe of the lung produce significant effects on the pulmonary artery pressure after the pulmonary artery of the opposite lung has been occuluded.
2) There are found no difference in mode of pressure changes after unilateral pulmonary artery occulsion between cancer and tuberculosis patients.
3) Pneumonectomy will be done in relative safety in case where the pulmonary artery pressure is below 30 mmHg or the pressure shows a less than 50% rise compared to the original pressure after 30 minutes of the occlusion of unilateral pulmonary artery. Special care is necessary to perform a lobectomy in cases when these values show excess over 30 mmHg or 70%, respectively.
4) It is believed that further removal even in a small amonnt of the healthy part of the lung may produce significant effects on the pulmonary artery pressure of patients with impaired cardiovascular function.

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Irrigation experiments were performed on the liver of rabbit determining bilirubin and biliverdin in the bile and irrigating solution, and the following results were obtained.
1. Upon irrigation with hemoglobin added blood, bilirubin was not detected from the irrigating solution, however, the excretion of biliverdin and indirect bilirubin resulted from decomposition of hemoglobin, was observed. It is hard to determin whether these biliverdin and indirect bilirubin really stemmed from hemoglobin or from hemolysis during the irrigation. The reticuloendothelial system in the liver and liver cells played important roles in the formation of biliverdin and indirect bilirubin from hemoglobin.
2. Upon irrigation with verdohemochrome added blood, the verdohemochrome was easily decomposed into biliverdin and bilirubin. They were excreted into the bile, and reticuloendothelial system and liver cells would be involved in these depositions.
3. Upon irrigation with biliverdin added blood, over a half of the biliverdin was excreted into the bile. The excreting biliverdin was found to be two forms, the one was biliverdin without any change and the other was bilirubin deoxidized from biliverdin. In the cases with impairment of reticuloendothelial system and/or of liver cells, the excretions of these pigments were rather accelated. The process of the deoxidization of biliverdin into bilirubin took place not only in reticuloendothelial system but even after the excretion from the liver into the bile ducts.
4. In the mechanism of bile pigment formation, not only the reticuloendothelial system played an important role but the liver cells did.

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Studying the formation process of the bile pigment in vivo with reference to the vicisitude of the bile pigment in the bile following the administration of the docompositions of hemoglobin into the portal vein of the rabbit with artificial biliary fistula. And the following results were obtained.
1. Following the administration of saline into the portal vein, production of the bile pigment in the liver was transiently depressed and then increased because of choleretic action of saline.
2. Following the administration of verdohemochrome solution, which was decomposed into biliverdin and in part, was deoxidized to bilirubin, verdohemochrome was excreted in the healthy cases. The decomposition process was prolonged or less in the cases with blocked reticuloendothelial systems, and little decomposition was observed in the cases with liver impairments.
3. Following the administration of biliverdin solution to the healthy cases, the majority of biliverdin was excreted unchanged but part of it was deoxidized to bilirubin. There was no such evidence in the cases with blocked reticuloendothelial system and was very slight degree in the cases with liver impairment. In consequence, the deoxidation of biliverdin was presumably due to reticuloendothelial system. However, in the cases with blocked reticuloendothelial system or liver impairment, it was supposed that biliverdin was excreted from the liver and easily deoxidized into bilirubin.

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Studying the influences of particular envireronment in the mountainous farm village of Hokuriku-district to serum protein fractions, and the following results were obtained.
1. In the farming seasons, in contrast to the leisure seasons for farmers, a slight decrease in total serum protein and a relative increase in α₁, α₂ and β-globulin were noted.
2. In the cases of malnutrition, seen during the farming seasons, a decrease in total serum protein, especially in albumin fraction, and a relative increase in α₁, α₂ and β-globulin were noted.
3. The changes of the serum proteins during the farming seasons were rather due to poor nutrition and fatigue than seasonable climates.
4. In the cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, increased total protein, decreased albumin and increased α₁, α₂ and γ-globulin were noted in the severe cases, on the other hand, in the mild or convalescent cases, a slight increase of γ-globulin was observed.
5. In the group of essential hypertension, a decrease in albumin and an increase in α₁ and β-globulin were noted only in the severe cases with complications.
6. In the cases of angina pectoris with coronary insufficiency, a slight decrease in albumin and a slight increase in γ-globulin were seen, however, these changes were disappeared in the convalescent stages. In the cases of myocardial infarction, a slight decrease in total serum protein, a marked decrease in albumin and a slight increase in β and especially γ-globulin were observed.
7. In the cases of valvular heart diseases, a decrease in albumin and an increase in γ-globulin in the compensated phase, and in the decompensated phase these tendencies have become evident.
8. In the cases of stomach cancer especially of its terminal stage, a marked decrease in total serum protein, especially in albumin, and a moderate increase in γ, and a relative increase in α₁, α₂ and β globulin were noted.
9. In the cases of peptic ulcer, gastric and duodenal, a decrease in albumin and an increase in α₁, and α₂ globulin were observed.
10. In the pregnant females, no changes in serum protein fractions by 5 th month but thereafter a slight increase in α₁, α₂ and β-globuin and an increase in albumin were noted. These changes were evident especially in the cases of hyperemesis.

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Studying the influences of particular environment in the mountainous farm village of Okunoto-district to serum electrolytes, especially to calcium, and the following results were obtained.
1. Serum calcium in the healthy farmers including both sexes demonstrated gradual alteration throughout the year with the minimum peak at May and June.
2. Serum electrolytes of the healthy male and female farmers were determined in both farming and leisure seasons for farmers. In the farming seasons, serum calcium was evidently decreased in both sexes compared with the leisure seasons for farmers, and, contrariwise, potassium was increased, and sodium was almost unchanged or slightly increased during the farming seasons.
3. It was supposed that such decrease in serum calcium during the farming seasons was not due to the influence of ultraviolet ray but to poor calcium intake by their eating habits and to fatigue as a result of the particular condition, the farming seasons.
4. In the control group of the healthy individuals other than farmers, serum calcium demonstrated almost no change throughout the year except for a very slight decrease during the periods of April, May and June.
5. In the school children, a decrease in serum calcium was noted during the winter time when ultraviolet rays were diminished. This indicated the fact that many babies suffering from rickets in this district. Such tendencies were also seen in the pregnant females.
6. A decrease in serum calcium due to diminution of ultraviolet rays were observed not only in the babies but in the school children and pregnant females except for the adults in good health.
7. A marked restoration of serum calcium level was noted 2 months after the administration of vitamin D and ultraviolet rays as a treatment of rickets.

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Observing the amount of uric acid excretion into the urine in the healthy and various stages of pulmonary tuberculosis cases and studying the effects of vitamin B₁₂ and folic acid, and the following results were obtained.
1. An increase in the amount of uric acid excretion into the urine was noted in the cases of moderately and far advanced pulmonary tuberculosis.
2. In the healthy and postoperative cases of pulmonary tuberculosis cases, an increase, both in the concentration and the amount, of uric acid excretion into the urine was noted one hour after the administration of vitamin B₁₂. A slight decrease or unchanged in the amount of uric acid excretion into the urine was observed, one hour after the administration of folic acid, and an increase of it was seen in the urine after 4 hours.
3. The effects of vitamin B₁₂ and folic acid were less evident in the far advanced cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and rather marked in the minimal cases.
4. The same effects were observed in the cases who had the breakfast only of rice and soybean soup at the same time with the administration of vitamin B₁₂ or folic acid. Increased uric acid excretion into the urine was observed in the cases who had breakfast alone.
5. The effects of these vitamines were quite the same in the cases who had breakfast and vitamin B₁₂ or folic acid at the same time and also in the cases who had PAS-calcium later on.
6. It was supposed that vitamin B₁₂ and folic acid did not have an effect upon dietary purine bodies metabolism, but promote general metabolism and thus effect upon nucleic acid metabolism. Vitamin B₁₂ and folic acid have presumably regulated the uric acid metabolism in the cases of far advanced pulmonary tuberculosis.

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Studying urine ketoenolsubstances (KES) and the effects of vitamin B₁₂ and folic acid in the healthy and pulmonary tuberculosis cases, and the following results were obtained.
1. An increase in the urine KES was noted in the cases of moderately and far advanced pulmonary tuberculosis.
2. In the healthy and postoperative cases, the urine KES were increased from two hours after the administration of vitamin B₁₂, and from one hour after the administration of folic acid respectively.
3. These effects of vitamin B₁₂ and folic acid were decreased in such order as minimal, moderately advanced and far advanced pulmonary tuberculosis.
4. Following the administration of folic acid, an increased precipitation was noted on the determination of the urine KES. This precipitation would be a source of error and might be a excretion of folic acid itself.
5. The effects of these vitamines were quite the same in the cases who had the breakfast with rice and soybean soup at the same time with the administration of vitamin B₁₂ or folic acid.
6. The effects of these vitamines were quite the same in the cases who had breakfast and vitamin B₁₂ or folic acid at the same time and also in the cases who had PAS-calcium later on. However, attention should be paid for the determination of the urine KES because of the precipitation due to PAS-calcium.
7. It was supposed that vitamin B₁₂ and folic acid did not have an effect upon dietary purine body metabolism, but promote general metabolisms and thus effect upon nucleic acid metabolism. Vitamin B₁₂ and folic acid did not regulate the metabolism of KES which were excreted in the far advanced pulmonary tuberculosis cases.

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With the purpose to study the influences of the spleen on the erythropoietic function of bone marrow the cell suspension culture of the rabbit bone marrow was conducted, and the following results were obtained.
1. In the bone-marrow tissue culture of splenectomized rabbits conducted from time to time the rate of the increase in the number of erythrocytes is temporarily accelerated having its peak around 4 to 7 days after the operation as compared with the control, while on the contrary, the increase in hemoglobin declines slightly. About three weeks after the operation both values of erythrocytes and hemoglobin return approximately to those in the control group, normal ones without splenectomy.
2. In the bone-marrow tissue culture of the rabbits transplanted with hemoioplastic spleenand conducted from time to time, the rate of the increase in the number of erythrocytes temporarily declines having the minimum around the fifth day after the operation and the rate of the increase in hemo-globin falls slightly around the fifth day but by around the thenth day it shows a slight acceleration, as compared with those of the control, rabbits transplanted with normal kidney. However, after about 30 days both of these values return approximately to those of the control.
3. In the observations of the bone-marrow tissue culture of normal rabbits with addition of Ringer's solutions of normal rabbit spleen extract at various concentrations, the extract at a higher concentration brings about the fall in the increasing rate of erythrocytes and hemoglobin, while on the contrary it brings about a slight acceleration in the increasing rate of both at a lower concentration.
4. From these results it is assumed that the spleen of the normal rabbit with the aid of some body-fluid agent adjusts the erythropoietic function of the bone marrow either suppressingly or acceleratingly, but from the physiological aspect the suppressing action seems to be superior: namely, an abnormal formation of the erythrocyte series is suppressed, while on the other hand the hemoglobin synthesis seems to be accelerated, thus suppressing the incomplete maturation of erythrocytes.

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In order to observe the influences of spleen on the leucopoietic function of bone marrow the author performed the bone-marrow tissue culture (by cover-slip method) of rabbits, and obtained the following results.
1. In the observations on the bone-marrow tissue culture of the splenectomized rabbits conducted from time to time, the relative growth rate, the cell density index and the wandering velocity of pseudoeosinophils all show a transient acceleration with their peak around 4 to 7 days after the operation, while on the contrary the carbon particle phagocytic ability of pseudoeosinophils shows a transient fall. However, all these values return to respective levels of the control, normal rabbits without splenectomy, about 3 weeks after the operstion.
2. In the bone-marrow tissue culture of the rabbits transplanted with homoioplastic spleen conducted from time to time, the relative growth rate, the cell density index and the wandering velocity of pseudoeosinophils all show a transient fall around 5 to 10 days after the operation, but no marked change can be observed in the carbon particle phagocytic ability of pseudoeosinophils. However, all these values resurn approximately to those of the control, rabbits transplanted with normal kidney, about 30 days after the operation.
3. In the bone-marrow tissue culture of normal rabbits with addition of Ringer's solution of normal rabbit spleen extract, the extract at a higer concentration has a suppressing effect on the relative growth rate, the wandering velocity and the carbon particle phagocytic ability of pseudoeosinophils, while the extract at a lower concentration mostly gives a slightly accelerating effect.
4. From these results it seems that the spleen of normal rabbits with aid of some fluid agent adjusts the production of the leucocyte series of the bone marrow either suppressingly or acceleratingly. However, from the physiological aspect the suppressing action seems to be slightly superior and hence the over-production of the granulocyte series of the bone marrow as well as the incomplete maturation of granulocytes seem to be controled.

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For the purpose of observing the influences of the spleen on the production of the platelet in bone marrow the author performed the bone-marrow tissue culture (cover-slip method) of guinea pigs and observed the function of megakaryocytes, and obtained the follo wing results.
1. In the bone marrow tissue culture of the guinea pigs transplanted with homoioplastic spleen conducted from time to time to the megakaryocyte function, when compared with that of the control group transplanted with normal spleen, shows a marked decline transiently about 3 to 5 days after the operation, but by 20th to 30th day it shows hardly any significant difference from that of the control.
2. In the bone-marrow tissue culture of normal guinea pigs added with Ringer's solution of spleen extract of normal guinea pigs, the extract at a higher concentration brings about a fall in the megakaryocyte function whereas on the contrary at a higher concentration it accelerates the function.
3. From these results it seems that the spleen of normal guinea pigs with the aid of some fluid agent acts on the thrombopoiesis of the bone marrow interchangeably either suppressingly or acceleratingly, but from the physiological aspect the suppressing action seems to be slightly stronger.

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Formerly, concerning the relation between hormone and heterotransplantation, the author reported that, while teststerone inhibited heterotransplantation, estrogen and testectomy acceralate it. In this experiment, mice of R₃ strain were used. All mice were transplanted of mammary carcinoma from the R₃ strain of female mouse. The conclusions of this experiment are as follows;
1) Teststerone inhibited the homotransplantation and growth of tumor.
2) Estrogen and testectomy acceraiate the homotransplantation and growth of tnmor.

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Influences of operative stress, shock, anoxia and/or liver damage upon the disturbances in blood clotting following massive transfusion of preserved blood were investigated experimentally.
None of coagulation factors were so disturbed to invite a hemorrhagic tendency only by one of them.
Qualitative and quantitative decrease in platelets and decrease in AHG level were thought to be caused by massive preserved blood transfusion itself.
Decreases in prothrombin and labile factor following preserved blood transfusion were much intensive in case of accompanying with operative stress, shock, anoxia or liver damage.
It was surmized that the occurrence of fibrinolysis had an imptortant part to cause the decrease in clotting factors.

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For the impaired blood clotting due to massive blood trausfusion prophylaxis is to be the best treatment, for measures after its occurreance are often very difficult.
As prophylactic treatment, continuous drip infusion of a large amount of hydrocortisone, alternated transfusion of fresh and preservcd blood, administration of tissue thromboplastin preparation and ACTH were effective.
As thrapy for hemorrhagic tendency, massive infusion of hydrocortisone, administration of tissue thromboplastin preparation, transions of fressh blood or platelets were proved to be effective. For decreased clotting factors in case fibrinolysis. intravenous ε-aminocapronic acid and hydrocortisone were efficacious to depress the fibrinolysis.

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The influences of GABOB on water content of CF-I pure strain mouse cerebral cortex having artificaly increased water content in cerebral cortex and non treated one as the control were investigated, and it was clarfied that GABOB has no effect on the water content of the brain in both cases.

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