In order to bring light to the mechanism of weakening of resistance to INH, the author cultured several generations of a perfect INH-resistant single colony of bacilli, conducted experiments on several generations of mixed population, further cultured generations of bacilli in a poorly fed culture medium and studied the change of population and thoroughly examined the factor in culture medium which has effects on the weakening of resistance. The results of the experiments observed were as follows:
1. No weakening of resistance could be observed in INH 10γ resistant strains obtained by one step, step by step cultured or by direct separation from patient if strains have been cultured in 1% KH₂PO₄ medium.
2. No weakening of resistance could be observed by testing generations of strains, some of which were obtained by step by step culture and some by means of separation from patient, in a poorly fed culture medium.
3. According to the method of mixed population, the ratio of INH resistant bacilli contained therein decreased as generation of bacilli cultured in a 1% KH₂PO₄ medium descends.
4. The ratio of INH resistant bacilli in mixed population cultured in a poorly fed medium rapidly decreased as generation descends compared to corresponding generation of bacilli cultured in 1% KH₂PO₄ medium. However, the difference in viability between INH resistant bacilli and INH receptive bacilli cultured in a poorly fed medium could not be observed clearly. Neither could any mutagenic effect on the INH resistance of bacilli on a poorly fed culture medium be found.
5. Upon finding the rapid weakening of the resistance of INH resistant bacilli cultured in a poorly medium, the author prepared a glycerine lacking medium and also a sodium glutamine lacking medium and conducted experiments on generations of bacilli cultured in such mediums to determine the factors in the medium which cause the weakening. The author found that in the former case (glycerine lacking medium) weakening is delayed whereas in the latter case weakening process is observed promptly. It is presumed that INH resistant bacilli requires glutamic acid far more than INH receptive bacilli and that for that reason the growth of bacilli in a sodium glutamine lacking medium is delayed.

抄録全体を表示

In order to make clear the mechanism of how the INH resistance weakens under the influence of sulfa drugs, the author conducted experiments by using the method of mixed population and also tested the susceptibility of INH resistant bacilli and INH receptive bacilli to sulfa drugs and their gaining of resistance against sulfa drgus. By such experiments, the author obtained the following results.
1. In the case of studying the clone of a perfect INH resistant strain for generations cultured in a SI-added culture medium, the author observed no weakening of the resistance.
2. Rapid weakening of INH resistance was found in the bacilli cultured in a SI-added medium for generations by use of the method of mixed population. Assuming that this phenomenon of weakening might be attributable to the difference between the susceptibility of INH resistant bacilli to SI and that of INH receptive bacilli to SI, the author further examined but was unable to find any bacterioseptic action in either bacilli by adding 500 γ of SI. As regards bacteriostatic action, no difference was observed in the case of small inoculation of bacilli. In the case of massive inoculation of bacilli difference of some measure appeared. The results of the experiments seem to indicate that, although there is no difference in the susceptibility itself between INH resistant bacilli and INH receptive bacilli to SI, SI had delicate effects in delaying the growth of INH resistant bacilli.
3. The author studied the bacteriostatic action of long acting sulfa drugs such SD, SIM, SP and SMP and found that the action of SD and SIM was most violent, about twice as much as that of SI. The bacteriostatic action of SP was a little milder than that of SD and SIM and that of SMP most mild. As regards the bacteriostatic action of long acting sulfa drugs such as the ones quoted in the above on INH resistant bacilli and INH receptive bacilli, no significant difference could be found.
4. No difference was observed in the process of gaining resistance against SI between INH resistant bacilli and receptive bacilli. The resistance of neither bacilli increased beyond 125 γ.

抄録全体を表示

In order to see the relation between the catalase activity and virulence of INH resistant bacilli, the author studied the clone of INH resistant bacilli in vitro, looked into its catalase activity and the change of activity as generation descends and tested the virulence by inoculating guinea pigs with each generation of the bacilli. The results found were as follows:
1. The INH resistance bacilli obtained in one step was found to have a resistance potential of 0.05γ or more and to have lost its catalase activity. At this stage the selectivity of INH resistant bacilli which has a resistance of 0.05γ-10γ and the population composition of each group were similar. Therefore it is believed that the metabolic system of INH resistant bacilli made available by means of selection by use of drugs is different from that of receptive bacilli, and that the loss of catalase activity is attributable to this difference.
2. It was found that the negative catalase activity of INH 10γ resistant strains using the clone can be changed to positive by changing the conditions of the culture medium. Other multiple resistant strains which have the INH resistance are all C (-) and could not be changed to C (+) by changing the conditions of the culture medium. Therefore it is presumed that there is greater difference in the metabolic system between a single resistance strain which resists only INH and multiple resistance strain which resists not only INH.
3. A H₂O₂ resistance test was given in respect of C (-) INH resistant bacilli and INH resistant bacilli the catalase activity of which had been changed from negative to positive and found that the resistance of both bacilli weakens compared to that of receptive bacilli and also that even the catalase activity of INH resistant bacilli changed from negative to positive is far weaker than that of receptive bacilli.
4. The author tested the virulence of C (-) INH resistant bacilli and INH resistant bacilli the catalase of which changed from negative to positive on guinea pigs, and found that the virulence of both had weakened. The author also tested virulence of each generation of cultured bacilli and found that it had lost its virulence. Juding from the results of the tests, it appears that the weakening of the virulence of INH resistant bacilli is an inherent property of the bacilli itself. However, the results of the H₂O₂ resistance tests seem to indicate that the relation between the virulence and catalase cannot be completely denied. Further the author inoculated guinea pigs with C (-) INH resistant bacilli and some with C (+) INH resistant bacilli and separated them into two groups, one group killed at 3 rd week and the other group killed at 8 th week after the inoculation and found many cases of local disorder in the group killed at 3 rd week irrespective of the kind of catalase, which led to believe that the disorder of guinea pigs attributable to INH resistant bacilli is reversible.

抄録全体を表示

The influences of various drugs on the Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF) in the cats were investigated by the brain perfusion methode.
The results were as follows.
1. Adrenaline constricted the brain vessels and decreased the C B F.
2. The CBF was decreased by the administration of Noradrenaline.
3. administration of large doses (1 mg) of Adrenaline and Noradrenaline was found to have an action on cerebral vasomotoric center, but this action was not found in small doses of these drugs.
4. Electrocorticogram was activated by the administration of large doses (over 0.1 mg) of Adrenaline and Noradrenaline, and the application of small doses (0.01 mg) of these drugs also had a tendency to activation of Electrocorticogram.
5. Papaverine exerted an augmenting effect on the CBF and dilated the brain vessels.
6. It was observed that Nicotinic Acid showed no change in CBF at small doses, however, with large doses of the drug, a slight increase of CBF occured. And Nicotinic Acid had no action on cerebral vasomotoric center.
7. The CBF was slightly increased by the application of small doses of Imidazoline, but at higher doses of the drug, the rate of increase in CBF showed diminution or no change in CBF was caused.
8. Imidazoline had no action on cerebral vasomotoric center.
9. Phenobarbital dilated the brain vessels and increased the CBF.
10. No significant changes in CBF were ovserved by the administration of Atropine. (Writer's abstract)

抄録全体を表示

The cat brain was perfused through the isolated cerebral circulation by the modified Geiger & Magnes' methode, and the effects of Chlorpromazine (CP) on cerebral blood flow (CBF), blood pressure (BP), carbohydrate metabolism and electroencephalogram (EEC) were investigated by the use of the brain perfusion methode.
The results were as follows.
1) The CBF was increased by the administration of small doses of CP while no significant changes in CBF were showed with large doses of the drug, and it is suggested that this finding is explainable on the basis of inhibition of the brain metabolism caused by the dosage.
2) BP kept intact or dropped case by case with CP, and it is considered that this difference may be due to individual characteristics of the cats, doses to be applied, degrees of operation etc..
When BP dropped in the case of perfusion, it means a central vasomotoric action. BP dropped to a level on the dosage best suited to individual, morever, its central vasodilatatoric action was more persistent and not to be influenced by the subsequent administration of CP, while the direct effect on dilating the cerebral blood vessels was transient and appeared similarly by the subsequent application of CP.
4) With a small dosage of CP, a tendency toward increase of the oxygen and glucose consumption, and most remarkable increase of the lactic acid liberation were observed. On the other hand, oxygen and glucose consumption, and lactic acid liberation were all diminished by the application of large doses of CP, and particularly, both the oxygen consumption and the lactic acid liberation was markedly diminished. And at the same time, I explained a little opinion about those alterations in metabolism.
5) The changes in EEGs of neocortex, paleocortex and archicortex were observed by the administration of CP. Namely, EEG of neocortex showed slowing of frequency and increase in amplitude with CP, and in hippocampus the regularity of hippocampal regular slow waves was lost and there appeared fast waves, contrarily, amygdala showed no change after the administration of CP and low voltage fast waves from beginning to end.

抄録全体を表示

Seminal vesicles were atrophied or not developed according to the lowering of the androgenic activities of the testis an l found tuberculous infection in them frequently.
And it is well-known such conditions result in the disturbance of the sperm nutrition and the sperm passage which lead to the male sterility respectively.
From these points, I have been, for the past seven years, observing the rentogenologic forms of seminal vesicles about male sterility of 106 cases, and found out their morphological variations.
On the classifications of seminal vesiculograms, there have been many reports, but could not be found that of seminal vesiculograms about male sterility. Then, it is intended to classify the forms of seminal vesicles of my cases as follows.
1. great main tubes with large laminated diverticula
2. great main tubes with or without small diverticula
3. simple main tubes with large laminated diverticula
4. simple main tubes with or without small diverticula
5. main tubes, dilated abnormally, demarcated poorly or irregularly, and no shaped seminal vesicles by means of the difficulties in injection of contrast medias into the vas deferens (stricture, obstruction or absence of it)
The writer utilized vasopuncture of scrotal region and through the vas deferens injected Urografin and Urokolin-M into seminal vesicles.
As table (2-16) shows, in seminal vesicles type No.1 of the classification commanded a plurality (49.5%), Type No.2 is the second (28.3%) and in Ampulla ductus deferentis, type No.1 is first in number (60.6%) and type No.2 next (19.2%).
Seminal vesicles in male sterility are well-grown, and the angle of inclination of them have a tendency to be small (on an average 27.3 degree).
Author's original classification of type No.5 is 5.5%. But tuberculous findings in seminal vesicles are seen in few cases, on the contrary the abnormal dilatation of main tubes found frequently.

抄録全体を表示

1) In order to study the experimental Parkinsonism, some Phenothiazine-Derivatives, e. g. Chlorpromazine 30 mg/Kg., Perphenazine 15 mg/Kg.. Trifluoperazine 5 mg/Kg.. Fulphenazine 5 mg/Kg.. Thioproperazine 10 mg/Kg.; and Bulbocapnine 15 mg/Kg. which had been used for study of the experimental catatonia customally, were injected into the peritoneum of the Cb-strain of male mice and the Wister-strain of male rats. Above 90% of the rats and mice showed parkinsonism after the abministration of these drugs.
2) The parkinsonian rats and mice showed sluggish movements, abnormal postures, catalepsia-like-syndroms e. g. passivity, negativism, fixation, rigidity of muscles, vegetative signs and tremor. Rigidity of muscles was objectively proved by application of the priciple of the Wartenberg's fixation of position test which was adopted to identify parkinsonism clinically and the principle of the Richter's grasp reflex and by appearence of the normal motor units at a strech reflex of the M. Gastrocunemius in the electromyography.
3) As the preliminary experiment, three methods to assay the activity of ChE were each compared using brain homogenates. These were the manometric assay by Ammon's method, the electrometric assay using “glass electrode” PH-meter by the modified Michel's method and the spectrophotometric assay by the modified Takahashi Shibata's method. Among these assay, the electrometric assay was the most accurate method to detect the activity of ChE of the brain. Following studies were carried out using this electrometric assay.
4) The ChE activity of the whole cerebrum of parkinsonian mice induced medicamentally was measured and compared with that of normals using the electrometric assay. All of the Phenothiazine-Derivatives inhibited the ChE activity of the whole cerebrum. But Bulbocapnine did not.
5) The brain of the parkinsonian Wister strain of male rats was separated into two parts. One included the cortical area, the another included the basal ganglia. The ChE activity of both parts was measured by the electrometric assay. In the parkinsonian rats induced by Phenothiazine-Derivatives, the ChE activity of the cortical area was within normal limits but that of the basal gangliar area was remarkably inhibited. Bulbocapnine exaggerated the ChE activity in the cortical parts, while contrastedly inhibited the ChE activity in the basal ganglia.
6) Referring to the correlation of the inhibitory effect and the structures of the Phenothiazine-Derivatives, CF₃ base which was replaced with 3'-H on the phenothiazine nucleus, had a relatively higher inhibitory effect than the another. Piperazinyl base which attached to the side chain of the Phenothiazine nucleus, had also relatively higher imhibitory effects.
7) The problems occured here were discussed. Especially the correlation between parkinsonism and the possible roles of the cholinergic system, regarding to the change of the behavior of animals and the inhibition of the ChE activity or the basal ganglia of the parkinsonian rats were discussed.

抄録全体を表示

Although there are many reports concerning the endocrinological studies in mental diseases, no general agreement has yet been reached. Investigating the depressive psychosis, the author gave a special consideration to the problem whether there are any specific relations between the urinary corticoid patterns and clinical state.
Twenty-four hour urines were collected from 20 males and 20 females, both healthy persons (ranging 22-47 years old in age, the average being adout 25 years) as controls, and 28 cases of depressive psychosis, consisted of 14 males and 14 females (ranging 22-68 years old, 42 years in average) composed of 4 reactive, 2 agitated and 5 brain arteriosclerotic depressive state.
Measurements were taken on total neutral 17-ketosteroid (17-KS), total 17-hydroxycorticoid (17-OHCS) and free and conjugated forms of the latter. 17-KS was measured by the modified Holtorff and Koch's method and Bongiovanni's method.
The results are as follows: (Every value shows mean and standard deviation).
1. Dialy excretion of total 17-KS in the controls was 7.63±2.71 mg/day for males and 5.67-1, 67 mg/day for females. The difference between both sexes is thought to be significant from the statistical standpoint. Daily control excretion of 17OHCS of males was 6.13±1.74 mg/day as the total amount, 0.88±0.51 mg/day as free form, 5.26±1.57 mg/day as conjugated form, 8.12±4.95 as the ratio of conjugated form/free form (C/F), and 86.18±6.28 as the percentage of conjugated form/total (C/T%); that of females was 5.48±2.07 mg/day as total, 0.65±0.42 mg/day as free form, 4.83±1.84 mg/day as conjugated form, 9.50±4.85 as C/F and 88.06±5.87 as C/T%. The difference between sexes appears to be insignificant.
2. Depressive group: Total 17-KS was 5.42±2.83 mg/day for males and 4.97±2.05 mg/day for females, being lower than normal value, and the former was significant but the latter insignificant from the statistical standpoint. Total 17-OHCS was 5.42±2.86 mg/day for males and 3.83±1.68 mg/day for females, being lower than normal value, which means that the former is insignificant while the latter significant. Free 17-OHCS was 2.17±1.18 mg/day for males and 1.19±0.82 mg/day for females, 2 times or more than normal value, and those of both sexes were significant. Conjugated 17 OHCS was 3.25±1.90 mg/day for males and 2.64±1.92 mg/day for females, lower than normal value, being significant for both sexes.
3. In comparing all the depressive groups with small groups of 2 agitated, 4 reactive and 5 cerebral arteriosclerotic depressives, there were no significant differences but the two agitated in the small groups showed the lowest values of all the depressives, nameIy, total 17-KS, total 17-OHCS, conjugated from and C/F ratio all proved to be much lower than those in the other depressives.
4. Total 17-OHCS values of 5 cases after treatment were found to have been increased, free 17-OHCS decreased, and conjugated form increased. As the result of the increase in the C/F and C/T%, the corticoid patterns approached the normal.
5. The author investigated the relation of corticoid patterns and liver dysfunction, then depressive psychosis and schizophrenia. Incomparing schrzophrenia with depressive psychosis, 17-KS value of the latter was found to approximate that of acute schizophrenics and total 17-OHCS value of the latter to that of chronic schizophrenics in both sexes.
From these findings it seems that depressive psychosis indicates the diencephalo-pituitary-adrenccortical dysfunction more significantly than schizophrenia.

抄録全体を表示

As the result of investigation of the urinary steroid patterns in depressive psychosis in previous communication, the author has been able to demonstrate the decreased excretion of total 17-ketosteroid (17-KS) and total 17-hydroxycorticoid (17-OHCS), increased excretion of free 17-OHCS and decreased excretion of conjugated 17-OHCS. Following these results, the ratio of conjugated form/ free form (C/F) and the percentage of conjugated form/total 17-OHCS (C/T%) seem to have very significant changes in comparison with those in the control. In the present study the author investigated 17-OHCS in plasma of depressive psychosis.
The plasma specimens were secured from 10 males and 12 females, all healthy persons (in the age range of 18-47 years old and 23 years in average) for controls, and 12 male and 10 female depressives (ranging 22-64 years in age, the average being 41 years). Measurements were taken on total, free and conjugated forms of 17-OHCS by Nelson-Samuel's and Bongiovanni's methods and for the hydrolysis of conjugated form beef-liver β-glucuronidase was employed.
The results are as follows: (Every value shows mean and standard deviation.)
1. Total 17-OHCS values were 30.77±10.23 γg/dl for controls and 44.34±21.18 γg/dl for depressives, and those of free form were 10.36±5.00 γg/dl in controls and 23.88±11.17 γg/dl in depressives, those of conjugated form were 20.41±10.59 γg/dl in controls and 20.93±11.43 γg/dl for depressives and C/F ratio was 2.35±1.59 in controls and 0.95±0.48 in depressives.
2. In comparison with depressives and controls, the total 17-OHCS was higher than normal value, being significant from the statistical standpoint. The value of free form was about 2 times higher than the normal, showing significant difference between the two. The C/F ratio in depressives, however, was about half of the normal value.
3. In comparing all the depressives with the small groups of 4 reactive and 4 cerebral arteriosclerotic depressives, there could be found not any specific differences among them.
4. In the four cases with improvement after treatment it was found that total 17-OHCS was increased, free form decreased and conjugated form increased. As the result of these changes, C/F ratio was also increased and the corticoid pattern approached the normal value.
5. The decrease in C/F values was characteristic common both to schizophrenia and depressive, but a difference between the two was found in the fact that, whereas the C/F value was decreased due to a decrease in conjugated form in schizophrenia, it was diminished as the result of a marked increase in free form in the depressive. A discussion was made on the meaning of these findings.
6. In the comparative values of 17-OHCS in the blood and urine of 15 cases, measured simultaneously, it was found that the increase of free 17-OHCS in the blood induced an increase of the free 17-OHCS in the urine, thus directly causing the diminution of C/F value. In addition, it was clarified that an increase of total blood 17-OHCS did not necessarily mean its increase in the total urinary content, and also there was no parallel increase in its values of conjugated form in blood and in urine. In order to explain this point, a discussion was made on the role played by the diencephalon, hyophysis and liver function as well as on the pathological factors.

抄録全体を表示

For the purpose of a comparative study on the influences of various anti-leukemic agents on the erythropoietic function of bone marrow, a roller culture method was performed to culture the cell suspensions of human and rabbit bone marrow. In the course of the incubation, the author observed the changes in the erythrocyte counts, number of nucleated cells, hemoglobin content, percentage of orthochromic erythroblasts, and increment index of orthochromic erythroblasts.
As the results, it has been recognized that in this culture method bone marrow erythroblasts mature and differentiate in the same fashion as in in vivo. Therefore, it is assumed that, when human or rabbit bone marrow is cultured by this method in the media containing chemical substances or sera, it is possible to observe their direct influences on the erythropoietic functions of bone marrow.

抄録全体を表示

In an attempt to see the influences of various anti-leukemic agents on the erythropoietic functions of bone marrow, the cell suspensions of bone marrow from normal rabbits and healthy persons were cultured by the same roller culture method as described in the previous report. Various anti-leukemic agents were added to these suspensions at the maximum concentration that would not inhibit the bone marrow cell growth under the cover slip culture, and observations were carried out to determine the influences of these anti-leukemic agents on the increase rate of erythrocytes, increase in hemoglobin content, precentage of orthochromic erythroblasts, and increment index of orthochromic erythroblasts. As the results, the following findings were obtained.
1. It has been found that Thio-TEPA, Nitromin, Urethane, and Chromomycin markedly inhibit the erythropoietic function of bone marrow.
2. 6-MP, Mitomycin C, Actinomycin C, Carzinophilin, Colcemid, and 8-Azaguanine exert a moderate inhibitory action on the erythropoietic function of bone marrow.
3. Myleran, and the combined use of 6-MP and Prednisolone slightly inhibit the erythropoietic function of bone marrow.
4, In contrast, Prednisolone alone does not show any inhibitory action on the erythropoietic function of bone marrow and appears to augment it.

抄録全体を表示

In order to compare the influences of various anti-leukemic agents on the bone marrow thrombopoiesis, the clinical tissue culture of bone marrow from normal guinea pigs and healthy persons was conducted. Various anti-leukemic agents were added to the culture media at the maximum concentration where they would not inhibit the bone marrow growth in culture, and observations were carried out to see the influences of these agents on the function of megakaryocytes of bone marrow. As the results, the author arrived at the follwing conclusions.
1. Urethane. Nitromin. Demecolcin, Actinomycin C and Mitomycin C inhibit the thrombopoietic function of bone marrow to a high degree.
2. Thio-TEPA, 8-Azaguanine, Carzinophilin, and Chromomycin demonstrate a moderate inhibitory action on the thrombopoietic function of bone marrow.
3. 6-MP slightly inhibits the thrombopoietic function of bone marrow.
4. Myleran, and the combined use of 6-MP and Prednisolone show no inhibitory effect on the thrombopoietic function of bone marrow.
5. On the other hand, Prednisolone alone rather augments the bone marrow thrombopoietic function.

抄録全体を表示

The first description of the Tietze's disease was given in 1921 by Tietze himself. His presentation was based on a studv of four personally observed patients, having a painful, non-suppurative swelling at the sternal end of the ribs.
We don't have had the favorable treatment, including the surgical resection of ribs and deep x-ray therapy, however.
Recently we had six cases with this syndrom in our department and gave the Hydrocortisone 25 to 50 mg or Predonine 5 to 10 mg by local injection, which showed the excellent results.
Also preferable were the local anaesthesia with 2 % Xylocain prior to steroid-injection and regional cold formentation for one or two days after steroid-injection.
We have to differentiate this syndrom from other conditions and believe that this treatment is the first choice because of the simplicity of the procedure.

抄録全体を表示

For the purpose of elucibating the staining mechanism of fluorescent NTS dye that deeply stains cancer cells, some model experiments were conducted using fluorescent NTS dye mixed with a variety of proteins to pursue the manner of staining by means of stripping method at varying pHs as well as by paper electrophoresis. In addition, staining of cells was performed with the use of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, MH-134 ascites liver cancer cells, normal rabbit liver cells, normal rabbit leucocytes, lymph nodes and peripheral blood of gastric cancer bearing patients, and human pus, and the following results were obtained.
1. Static electrical binding seems to play a principal rôle in the combination of fluorescent NTS dye with various proteins.
2. Cancer cells are stained deeply with the fluorescent NTS dye at higher pH range as compared with normal cells.
3. From these findings it has been clarified that, although fluorescent NTS dye is a suitable material for staining cancer cells, as young cells with abundant basophilic proteins possess specificity, fluorescent NTS dye is not necessarily so satisfactory a material with respect to its specificity to cancer cells.

抄録全体を表示

In his previous report (1) the author clarified that fluorescent NTS dye stains cancer cells more deeply at higher pH (pH 11.0) than normal cells and deduced the main reason for this to be due to the increased amount of nucleoprotein and a higher electrical potential of cancer cells. However, there emerges a question whether the amount of nucleoprotein of cancer cells is actually increased and this needs to be settled by quantitative estimation of basophilic protein per cell. Therefore, in order to ascertain this point, basophilic protein of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, MH-134 ascites liver cancer cells. HeLa cells in culture, lymph nodes of gastric cancer bearing patients, and peripheral luecocytes of normal mice were stained with acid fast green FCF stain by Alfert's method, and the quantitative estimation of the protein per cell was conducted with microspectrophotometer. As the result it was confirmed that these cancer cells contain a larger quantity of the basic protein than lymph node.
From these findings it has become clear that the fluorescent NTS. which is an acidic dye, stains cancer cells at a higher pH than normal cells because they contain a greater amount of basic protein than normal cells.

抄録全体を表示

In previous reports 1 and 2, the author experimentally verified the fundamental staining mechanism of fluorescent NTS dye by its deposits in various cells. In the present experiment an attempt has been made to see whether it is possible to perform supra-vital staining with this fluorescent NTS dye. At the same time observations have been carried out on the staining behaviors (or changes) induced by the accelerated permeability of cell membrane in the course of supra-vital staining with concurrent use of various surfactants (surface active substances), and the results are summarized as follows.
1, It has been found that flurorescent NTS dye, being an acidic dye, has affinity to denatured protein, revealing a staining mechanism similar to eosin, and it stains degenerated cells deeply.
2. It has also been elucidated that in the course of supra vital staining with acidic dyes such as fluorescent NTS dye and eosin, even when the medium pH is raised to 7.2. on the addition of such surfactants as Tween 80, saponin, osvan, linoleic acid, OX (an anti-tumor agent of unsaturated fatty acids from Xray-irradiated rabbit liver) the dye readily permeates the cell membrane and thus the entire cell is uniformly stained positively.
3. These surfactants accelerate the permeability of the dye through the cell membrane as their concentration is raised, but in the case with saponified solution of fatty acids such as linoleic acid and OX at a certain range of concentration they bind chemically with intracel lular organellae, bringing about changes in protein electrical charge of the organellae and as the result the cell becomes no longer stainable. Therefore, this point needs to be taken into consideration when the supra-vital staining of cells is attempted with concurrent use of surfactants of fatty acid series.
4. With fluorescent NTS dye and eosin supra-vital staining has been tried on Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, liver cells, epithelial cells of intestine. and ascites cells. It has been demonstrated that there is at least some difference in the accelerative effect of surfactants on the permeability of cell membrane depending on the kind of the substances. The accelerating effect of osvan, which is cationic surfactant. is especially marked. In the case of Tween 80 (a non-ionic surfactant) its effect is weak. In the case of OX. it imparts a greater permeability to Ehrlich ascites tumor cells rather than to epithelial cells of intestine.
From these results, it seems that to a certain extent the basis has been established for introducing selectively some of charged substances into tumor cells depending upon the use of these surfactants.

抄録全体を表示

In the previous papers it was reported that surfactants (surface active substances) accelerate the permeability of the cell membrane. This paper describes the results of several experiments, conducted on the assumption that, when the permeability of the cell is artificially accelerated with surfactants, some of anti-tumor agents would have more ready access into cancer cells, resulting in a greater anti-tumor effect. The results may be summarized as follows.
1. In intraperitoneal injections of saponified surfactants such as Tween 80, saponin, osvan, and OX, no marked prolongation of survival can be observed, except with OX, but the similar injections of Mitomycin C combined with Tween 80 or OX clearly show an enhanced anti-tumor effect. In other words, Mitomycin C administered in conjuncticn with Tween 80 or OX seems to be more readily introduced into carcinoma cells. On the other hand, there is no appreciable effect in the concurrent use of Thio-TEPA with surfactants.
2. When the peritoneal cavity of the mice is washed with the mixed solution of Mitomycin C and Tween 80 or with that of Mitomycin C and OX soon after transplantation of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (after the lapse of 4 hours and 48 hours), likewise a marked prolongation of survival has been observed.
In short, clinically at the suture following the gastric cancer resection, it is reasonable to assume that the washing of the peritoneal cavity with the mixture of Mitomycin C and surfactant solution would help to bring about a better prognosis.
3. Actually, when the mixed solution of Mitomycin C and surfactant is diffusely injected at the site of the tumor of superficial type in the patient bearing mammary recurrent cancer, a dramatic effect has been atained on the tumor without injury to normal tissues.
As has been described in the foregoing, anti-tumor agents, when used along with surfactants, have been verified, experimentally and clinically, to accelerate the permeabilty of the cancer cell membrane, resulting in a more ready access of the anti-tumor agent into the cancer cells.

抄録全体を表示

After the abdominal sympatheotomy of splenic branches in nomal rabbits, the auther studied the blood and bone marrow pictures and iron metaborism, and obtained the following results.
1) In the peripheral blood picture a transient decrease in the erythrocyte count, hemoglobin content and platelet count could be observed.
2) In the bone marrow pictnre an increase and inhibition of maturation in the erythroid system could be observed.
3) Serum iron decreased conspicuously. However, the depot iron was as usual or increased a little.
4) In the bone marrow picture a little decrease in Sideroblast could be observed.
5) In the serum and spleen extracts, the existence of anemia producing toxic factor could not be observed.
6) From these observation, the author concluded that the principal cause of this anemia produced by ligating splenic and coronary Veins of the stomach lay in the inhibition on the mobilization of depot iron.

抄録全体を表示

After ligating splenic and coronary veins of the Stomach in normal rabbits, the author studied the blood and bone marrow pictures and iron metaboris n, and obtained the following results.
1) In the peripral blood picture a transient 1 ttle decrease in the erythrocyte count, hemoglobin content and platelet count could be observed.
2) In the bone marrow picture an increase and inhibition of maturation in the erythroid system could be observed.
3) Serum iron decreased conspicuously. However, the depot iron increased a little.
4) In the bone marrow picture a decrease of Sideroblast could be observed.
5) In the serum and spleen extracts, the existence of anemia producing toxic factor could be recognized.
6) From these observation, the author concluded that the principal cause of this anemia produced by the abdominal sympathectomy of splenic branches lay in the inhibition of maturation of the erythroblast as result of the inhibitory action of the toxic factor on the mobilization of depot iron.

抄録全体を表示

By the simple method of bone marrow tissue culture, the author studied on the effects on white blood cells of bone marrow by adding serum and spleen extracts of the rabbits with experimental splenic anemia, and obtained the following results.
1) In the group of rabbits with the abdominal sympathectomy of splenic branches, a little inhibition of tissue growth and a little decrease of the wandering velocity of pseudoeosinophils could be observed.
2) In the other group, both tissue growth and wandering velocity formed a contrast, and the specially efficient difference could not be observed.
3) From these observation, the author observed that the splenic toxic factor produced in the experimental anemic rabbits acted directly upon the bone marrow, and caused a increase in the leucocyte and the inhibition of the motor function.

抄録全体を表示