Okayama Igakkai Zasshi (Journal of Okayama Medical Association)

Protective Effect of Glntathione to X-ray Radiation

Etsuro KAWASE

1967 Volume 79 Issue 5-6 Pages 417-424
Published: June 30, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.79.5-6_417

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There are many works dealing with protective effect of glutathione against Xray radiation, but most of them are used subcutaneous or intraperintoneal injection of glutathione to a single large dose of X-ray irradiation. It is reportet by various investigators that the dosage required to yield the protective effect to X-ray irradiation is about 10mg-25mg/mouse. In a point of view that glutathione is generally used intravenously in clinics; the author has verified that such an injection given just before the X-irradiation proves to be most effective,
As for the minimal optimal dosage of glutathione to yield its protecthive effect it has been found to be 100mg/kg or 2.5mg/mouse in average in my experiment. From the survival rate of animals tested, changes in their body weight and changes in the blood picture of rabbits, it has been proven that a considerably smaller dosage of glutathione injected intravenously is effective as compared with generally given subcutaneously or intraperitoneally. It is noteworthy that, whereas there can be observed no significant difference in the protective effect between the test groups and the control group (X-ray irradiation only), when glutathione injected to whole body irradiated-rabbits just before a single large dose, a considerable protective effect could be obtained in the doses of 100mg/kg injected into the aural vein for consecutive days just before 100R/day irradiation. This has been verified by the changes observed in the numbers of lymphocytes, leukecytes as well as erythrocytes.
It has been also demonstrated that, while a single dose of 100mg/kg glutathione injected intravenously just before a single large dose of 1, 000R does not show any protective effect, the same dose of glutathions injected intravenously once a day consecutively just before X-irradiation of 100R/day yields a considerable protecthive effect. In above mention, I think that there are some clinical significans.

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Studies on Delayed Type Allergy in Cancer Bearing Body

Part I. Tuberculin-Allergy and its Passive Transfer in Cancer Patients

Takeshi KANBARA

1967 Volume 79 Issue 5-6 Pages 425-433
Published: June 30, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.79.5-6_425

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1) The tuberculin tests were given to 318 inpatients and it was found that among them the majority of cancer patients proved to be negative to the test. This fact seems to suggest that the mechanism of the delayed type allergic reaction is destroyed by cancer.
2) For the purpose of studying the delayed type allergy in cancer and non-cancer patients, the oxidation-inhibitory agent as the contactual allergy-inducing agent was smeared onto 82 patients hospitalized in our clinic. This smearing brought about a marked diminution in the allergic reaction in cancer patients.
3) When the tuberculin reaction of these cancer patients is classified according to the extent of cancer development, the negative rate to the test increases in proportion to the growt of cancer.
4) Looking at the relationship between the extent of the stomach cancer growth and the tuberculin test, it was demonstratéd that the number of the patients responding negatively to the test increases along with the advance in cancer stage.
5) In our attelmpt at the pasaive transfer of 9×10⁷ to 19×10⁸ lymphoid cells, separated asceptically from the peritoneal lymph nodes obtained postoperatively from 15 tuberculin-positive donor non-cancer patients to 21 tuberculin-negative recipient cancer patients, it was demonstrated that 18 recipients turned positive to the tuberculin test. This result indicates that among the patients passive transfer can be accomplished with lymphoid cells isolated from lymph node.

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Experimental Studies of the Biological Factors on the Intertrochanteric Osteotomy in Osteoarthritis of the Hip

Rikuo OKUDA

1967 Volume 79 Issue 5-6 Pages 435-452
Published: June 30, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.79.5-6_435

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In the experiments conducted with adult rabbits for tbe purpose to elucidate biological factors of intertrochanteric osteotomy in osteoarthritis of the hip, the following results were obtained.
1) After intertrochanteric osteotcmy performed on adult rabbits in about 4 to 5 postoperative weeks there can be observed the dilataticn of blood vessels in the epiphyseal and the metaphyseal regions and hyperemia due to it reaches its maximum, but by about 8 to 10 weeks it returns practically to normal.
2) Intertrochanteric osteotomy in man is most beneficial for serve pain and its ill effect is the limitation of movement. However, in the bilateral case its applicability should be decided with utmost care and it becomes necessary to obtain the hip joint having monolateral support.
3) In discussing about intertrochanteric osteotomy its effect is mainly taken up from its mechanical aspect, but its biological significance should also be given a due attention. Therefore, in discussing what operative procedure needs to be selected, this latter point must be borne in mind.

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Studies on Lactic Dehydrogenase Activity and Isozyme in Malignant Disease

Part I. Relationship Between the Serum Lactic Dehydrogenase and the Clinical course of Leukemia

Yukio Oshima

1967 Volume 79 Issue 5-6 Pages 453-463
Published: June 30, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.79.5-6_453

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1. Serum lactic dehydrogenase (S-LDH) activity and isozyme were measured in 29 patients with leukemia. The elevated S-LDH levels were demonstrated in all cases of acute leukemias and chronic myelocytic leukemias and in a half of cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemias. The S-LDH isozyme can be identified five fractions by means of agar gel electrophoresis. The changes of pattern of S-LDH isozyme werc observed in all types of leukemia. It was the increased third (LD₃), second (LD₂) and first (LD₁) fractions of LDH isozyme and the decreased fifth fraction (LD₅). The most significant fraction in leukemia was LD₃, and the increased LD₃ and decreased LD₅ were observed in 25 of 29 cases (86%).
2. The degree of S-LDH elevation appeared to be the greatest in the acute lymphatic and the smallest in the chronic lymphatic leukemia. The degree of increase of LD₃ was independent on the type of leukemia.
3. As to the correlation of S-LDH with clinical findings, the level of S-LDH and LD₃ well correlated with the percentage of circulating immature leukocytes, but not with the absolute number of leukocyte.
4. The serial S-LDH levels and LD₃ closely paralleled with the clinical courses in 10 cases of 29 patients with leukemia and relatively well paralleled in 13 cases.
5. In regard to possible mechanisms of S-LDH elevation in leukemia, acceleration of biosynthesis of LDH in the leukemic cells and liberation of the enzyme from the cells might be suggested.

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Study of Distribution of 20-Methylcholanthrene in the Organs of RF Mice Given Repeated Administration of 20-Methylcholanthrene

Part I. Distribution of 20-Methylcholanthrene in the Organs of RF Mice After Repeated Skin Painting

Jyunichiro MORIYA

1967 Volume 79 Issue 5-6 Pages 465-483
Published: June 30, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.79.5-6_465

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With the purpose of elucidating the action of 20-methylcholanthrene in leukemogenesis in RF mice by painting of 20-methylcholanthrene, the author measured quantitatively the distribution of 20-methylcholanthrene in the organs of mice after repeated painting. The state of excretion of 20-methylcholanthrene in urine after painting was also investigated quantitatively.
I) Urinary excretion of 20-methylcholanthrene after painting: 0.2cc of 0.5% benzene solution of 20-methylcholanthrene was painted at the back of mice. The average urinary excretion at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36 hours after painting was 4.16, 2.35, 0.876, 0.360 0.370 and 0.153γ respectively.
II) Distribution of 20-methylcholanthrene in the organs of mice after repeated painting: 0.2cc of 0.5% benzene solution of 20-methylcholanthrene was painted at the back of mice twice a week and organ methylcholanthrene was measured quantitatvely at 2, 4, 6, 12 and 16 weeks after repeated painting.
1) After 2 week painting, organ methylcholanthrene was too small to be measured in amount, but tended to accumulate in bone marrow. The average tissue distribution of methylcholanthrene after 6 week painting was 137.6γ/g in bone marrow. 113.4γ/g in thymus, 61.2γ/g in lymph nodes, 39.4γ/g in spleen, 15.3γ/g in kidney, 14.5γ/g in heart, 10.3γ/g in salivary gland and 12.3γ/g in stomach.
2) After 8 week painting there was a marked increase of methylcholanthrene in bone marrow and thymus, and after 10 and 12 week painting, it further increased. After 16 week painting average tissue distribution of methylcholanthrene was 518γ/g in bone marrow, 239γ/g in thymus, 29.7γ/g in spleen, 44.9γ/g in lymph nodes, 18.6γ/g in kidney, 19.7γ/g in stomach, 19.8γ/g in salivary gland, and 10.4γ/g in heart.
3) The state of tissue distribution of methylcholanthrene in C₃H mice (resistant to leukemia) was almost the same as compared with that of RF mice.
From these findings, it was observed that methylcholantrene, when repeatedly painted in mice accumulated in a higher concentration in bone marrow and thymus than other organs, suggesting an intimate relationship of the carcinogen and target tissues.

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Study of Distribution of 20-Methylcholanthrene in the Organs of RF Mice Given Repeated Administration of 20-Methylcholanthrene

Part II. Organ and Intracellular Distribution of 20-Methylcholanthrene in RF Mice After Repeated Oral Administration

Jyunichiro MORIYA

1967 Volume 79 Issue 5-6 Pages 485-498
Published: June 30, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.79.5-6_485

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With the purpose investigating the possible relation between tissue distribution of methylcholanthrene and leukemogenesis, the author measured quantitatively tissue distribution and urinary excretion of methylcholanthrene after oral administration of the carcinogen.
I) Urinary excretion of methylcholanthrene: The average urinary excretion of methylcholanthrene at every 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 hours after one oral administration of 0.8% methylcholanthrene olive oil solution was 6.32, 1.95, 1.15, 0.823, 0.415 and 0.153γ, respectively.
II) Tissue distribution of methylcholanthrene: 0.15 cc of 0.8% methylcholanthrene olive oil solution was administrated orally three times a week.
1) In bone marrow, methylcholanthrene markedly accumulated in comparison mith other tissues from early time of administration. And in thymus and lymph nodes distribution of methylcholanthrene was clearly recognized from about 8 weeks of administration, but not so much as in bone marrow.
2) At 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 weeks' repeated oral administration, the average methylcholanthrene in bone marrow was 41.9, 67.0, 108, 118 and 238γ/g respectively. These figures show a tendency of methylcholanthrene accumulation in bone marrow from the second week. Methylcholanthrene in bone marrow increased in proportion to the number of its administration.
3) At 8 weeks' administration the carcinogen detected was 42.1γ/g in thymus, and 12.4γ/g in lymph nodes. At 12 weeks' administration its concentration was 83.8γ/g in thymus, and 38.6γ/g in lymph nodes.
4) Nuclear and cytoplasmic fractionation studies indicated a much higher concentration of methylcholanthrene in the nuclear fraction of liver and thymus.
From these findings, the author wishes to point out a close connection between leukemogenesis of RF mice by oral administration of methylcholanthrene and its tissue distribution in the hematopoietic organs.

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Studies on Glucose Metabolism of Leukemic Cell

Part 1. The Respiration and Glycolysis of the Spleen in Several Normal Mice

Eiichi HUKATSU

1967 Volume 79 Issue 5-6 Pages 499-512
Published: June 30, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.79.5-6_499

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The respiration and glycolysis was measured about the spleens of five months old mice of normal five strains. Mice used in this experiment were C₅₈ and AKR which have high incidence rate of spontaneous leukemia, and RF, C₃HF and DBA which have low incidence rate. Furthermore, DBA mice were experimented about three age groups, two, five and twelve months.
1) Pointing out the strains from the greater to the lesser acceleration in Q_O₂, they are in the order of RF, C₅₈, AKR and DBA of five months old normal mice. There is not a parallel relation in Q_O₂ between C₅₈ and AKR of high spontaneous incidence of leukemia, and RF, C₃HF and DBA of low spontaneous incidence of leukemia.
Among 2, 5 and 12 months old groups of DBA mice, Q_O₂ increased with aging process, although the significant difference was not founded statistifically.
2) Q_M^N₂ of C₅₈ strain increased statistifically in comparison with the strains which are low incidence of leukemia, but there is no difference between AKR of high incidence of leukemia and the strains of low incidence of leukemia.
Among 2, 5 and 12 months old groups of DBA mice, Q_M^N₂ decreased with aging process. Q_M^N₂ of 2 months old mice increased statistifically in comparison with the other groups.
3) Pointing out the strains from the greater to the lesser acceleration in Q_M^N₂, they are in the order of C₅₈, AKR, RF, C₃HF and DBA in five months old normal mice.
Q_M^N₂ of C₅₈ increased in comparison with RF, C₃HF and DBA.
Q_M^N₂ of AKR increased in comparison with C₃HF and DBA, but there is no difference between AKR and RE.
Among 2, 5 and 12 months old groups of DBA mice, Q_M^N₂ decreased with aging process. Q_M^N₂ of 2 months old mice increased statistifically in comparison with the other groups.
4) These results show that the incidence of lymphatic leukemia has relation with the respitation and glycolysis of the spleen, namely lymphatic cell in the spleen.

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Studies on Glucose Metabolism of Leukemic Cell

Part 2. The Respiration and Glycolysis of the Spleen in Normal, Preleukemic and Leukemic Mice of DBA Strain

Eiichi FUKATSU

1967 Volume 79 Issue 5-6 Pages 513-523
Published: June 30, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.79.5-6_513

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The respiration and glycolysis of the spleen in 10 normal mice, 17 mice of preleukemic stage and 14 induced lymphatic leukemia mice by painting with methylcholanthrene, was studied. In addition, the effect of glucose on the rates of the oxygen consumption was studied.
1) In 10 normal mice of strain DBA, QO2 was 7.75, QQ_M^N₂, 1.56 and QQ_M^N₂, 5.90.
2) The rate of the oxygen consumption was a little greater in the mice of the preleukemic stage than in normal mice, but there was no difference statistifically between both groups. The rates of the aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis were higher in mice of the preleukemic stage than in normal mice statistifically.
The percentages of lymphoblast in the spleen was higher in the mice of the preleukemic stage than in normal mice.
3) The rates of the oxygen consumption, aerobic glycolysis and anaerobic glycolysis were higher in the induced lymphathic leukemia mice than in normal and preleukemic mice. There was a parallel relation between the percentage of lymphoblast in the spleen, and the oxygen consumption and anaerobic glycolysis of the spleen in induced lymphatic leukemia.
4) The oxygen consumption rate of the spleen of all mice with induced lymphatic leukemia was decreased by addition of glucose in a concentration of 0.2 p.c. in Ringer's solution. Namely, Crabtree's effect was found in the spleen with the induced lymphatic leukemia. On the other hand, there is no Crabtree's effect in the spleen of normal and preleukemic mice.

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Studies on Glucose Metabolism of Leukemic Cell

Part 3. The Respiration and Glycolysis of Spleens in two Transmission Lines Mice and two Ascites Cells

Eiichi HUKATSU

1967 Volume 79 Issue 5-6 Pages 525-535
Published: June 30, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.79.5-6_525

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The respiration and glycolysis of the spleen of mice was measured on the primary and transfered leukemia. This transfered leukemia was 292-314 transfers of Line OHOLL No. 1 of transmissible lymphatic leukemia of DBA mice which are derived from the spleen of induced lymphatic leukemia DBA mice by painting with methylcholanthrene. Whether the metabolic differences between the primary ànd transfered leukemia have relation with the virulence of leukemic cell or not, was discussed. For purpose of studies on relation between cell virulence and metabolic differences, the respiration and glycolysis of two ascites cells, Line OHOLL No. 1 and C₃HF mouse transmissible lymphatic leukemia which are derived from the spleen and the lymph-nodes of C₃HF spontaneous lymphatic leukemia, was measured.
1) There was no metabolic difference between the spleen in 292-314 trasfer of Line OHOLL No. 1 and the spleen of primary leukemia. Cell virulence that was proved by life span increased by transmission in long times, but cell metabolism did not alter.
2) Q_O₂, Q_M^N₂² and Q_M^N₂² of Line OHOLL No. 1 ascites cell was higher than those of ascites cell of C₃HF mouse transmissible lymphatic leukemia. There are the correlation between Q_O₂, Q_M^N₂² and Q_M^N₂², and both ascites cell virulence.
O₂: Q_M^N₂²:QQ_M^N₂² of two ascites cell was equal.

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[title in Japanese]

1967 Volume 79 Issue 5-6 Pages 537-541
Published: June 30, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.79.5-6_537

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[title in Japanese]

1967 Volume 79 Issue 5-6 Pages 542-545
Published: June 30, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.79.5-6_542

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[title in Japanese]

1967 Volume 79 Issue 5-6 Pages 545-549
Published: June 30, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.79.5-6_545

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