Glandular mucosa of the rat stomach was excised about 5mm in diameter, and the process of the regeneration was observed by both microscopic histochemical techniques and electron microscopy.
The results were as follows:
1) Regeneration epithelium was appeared at the edge of ulcers 4 days after the operation. The undifferentiated cells and immature mucous cells was noticed on this stage. The mature surface mucous cells and the mucous neck cells were differentiated 10 days after the operation.
2) Parietal cells, clear cells and argentaffin cells were noticed 2 weeks after the operation. Presumably, they were directly differentiated from undiferentiated cells.
3) Chief cells were discriminted 6 weeks after the operation.

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The ulcer forming effect of glucocorticoids was experimentally studied in the rat glandular stomach. After administration of 10mg per day of cortison acetate for 4 days, multiple ulcers were formed in the mucosal stomach of the starbed rats. And also the other experiments were performed. Namely, 10 mg of cortison acetate were daily given into non-starbed rats for 10 days and 5mg were for 20 days. Then animals were killed and the mucous membrane were histochemically and electron microscopically examined and the following results were obtained.
1) Atrophy of the mucous membrane were noticed in all cases, and PAS positive cells were decreased in number and its staining intensity. The decrease was most prominent in ulcer forming areas.
2) In electron microscopic study, degenerative patterns of the epithelial cells were observed; condensation of the nuclear chromatin, swelling and destruction of mitochondria, increase of lysosomes, appearance of myelin figures and of focal cytoplasmic degeneration, swelling of Golgi complex etc.
3) Electron density of secretory granules in the mucous cells and chief cells was decreased.

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In the observation on the tissue culture of 3 adults pleural effusion which has no pathologic condition, the following results were obtained.
(1) The cell component of these human pleural effusion closely relative of non-pathologic human ascites, of pleural and peritoneal fluid of animals.
(2) Phagocytes in the pleural effusion seem to be same cytological natures with human ascites, also it resembles quite closely to that of blood monocyte.
(3) Phagocytes occupy 89.3% of the total, and the majority of them are the small size phagocytes.
(4) The average cell count is 1626/mm³.

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In the vital observations of 8 cases of cancer, 10 cases of tuberculosis and 2 cases of nephrosis by means of tissue cultures of pleural effusion of respective group, the author obtained the following results:
(1) In the case of cancer, the average cell count is 720/mm³. The characteristics of the cell composition are the appearance of tumor cells and tumorous signet-ring cells, a slight increase in the number of serous cells, a moderate increase of neutrophils and the appearance of phagocytic-ring cells.
(2) In the case of tuberculous pleurisy, the average cell count is 1564/mm³. There can be recognized such characteristics as a increase of small size phagocytics and lymphocytes. The movement of these cells are slightly disturbed compare with non-pathologic condition.
(3) In the case of nephrosis, the average cell count is 180/mm³. The characteristic of the cells is increase of small phagocyte and serous cells, but most of cells are degenerated in the early stage.

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The subjects study were consisted of 20 nomal healthy males, two groups of 20 women each with normal menstrual cycle, one group of proliferative phase and the other of secretory phase, 10 castrated women, 11 climacteric women and 11 of various diseases. With 24-hours urine collected carefully from these subjects, 10 fractions of 17-KS were measured. For the estimation of fractions, 2-step hydrolysis of β-glucuronidase hydrolysis and solvolysis was conducted first, then ether extraction, rinsed with water, washed again with alkali, dehydrated, dried and fixed, the separation of C₁₀ fractions was done by Florisil column chromatography with the methanol-chloroform system, and 10 fractions of 17-KS were finally isolated by TLC using 55 cm glass plate. For colorimetry alcoholic Zimmemann's technic was conducted and each 17-KS fraction of the 24-hour urine was estimated.
By these procedures, the following results were obtained.
1) After TLC of the purified extracts prepared by the two step hydrolysis, the percentage of β-glucuronidase hydrolysate and solvolysis hydrolysate was determined. As a result, it was found that urinary 17-KS contains 67% of β-glucuronidase hydrolysate and 33% solvolysis hydrolysate. Of the fractions, IV, VI, VIII and IX fractions in β-glucuronidase hydrolysate were over two-fold those in solvolysis hydrolysate.
2) By measuring 10 fractions of 17-KS in 24-hour urine from normal females at prolife-rative phase, secretory phase and from normal male, values and their ratios were established. The ratios of 10 fractions showed no appreciable difference due the sex gland but the values of II, III, IV, V and VI fractions of normal males were more than twice those of normal females. These 11-deoxy-17-KS said to compose the so-called sex gland system show distinct sex differences. Namely, in sum total normal males showed the values 1.9 times of those of normal females. However, these could be seen no significant differences in these values between the women of proliferative phase and those of secretory phase.
3) In the comparative study of the effects of sex gland and adrenals on urinary 17-KS and on the fraction ratio in the groups of castrated women and climacteric women on one hand, and nomal women and men on the other, IV, V and VI fractions of the 11-deoxy-17-KS groups seem to be derived from the sex glands. Especially, androsterone in normal men is six times that of castrated women, and that of normal women is 3-fold that of castrated women. On the other hand, the excretin of the 11-oxy-17-KS group is not much affected by castration, but as the fraction ratio is increased, this 11-oxy-17-KS group seems to be derived from adrenals. Opinions are divided in that these are many who contend that the values of urinary 17-KS are not affected by oophorectomy, and some claim that these can be observed no decrease in the 11-deoxy-17-KS. However, these differences in the opinions seem to be dueto the methods of messurements and the development of those. By the author's own results, the values of 11-deoxy-17-KS are decreased by castration while 11-oxy-17-KS values are somewhat increased. The sum total value of the fractions in the castrated women has been found to be 87% that of normal women at proliferative phase.
4) In the fractionratios between castrated women and climacteric women III, IV and V fractions show higher values in the latter group but VI fraction said to belong to the sex gland system is found to show higher values in castrated women.
This seems to be due to the formation etiocholanolone by passing the pathway of THS→11-deoxy-cortol.
5) A new finding that cannot be overlooked and the like of which is not seen in the available literature is the fact average value of androstanedione excreted into urine is 840μg in normal women, 1190μg in nomal men, 900μg in castrated women and 470μg in climacteric women.

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