The degree of offensive odor of decoyed eels cultured in the sea water along Mizushima industrial area was studied and offensive odor substance in decoyed eels was analyzed by gas chromatography. The results obtained were as follows.
Ninety percent of decoyed eels changed into offensive odor eels when cultured in the sea water within a distance of I km. from the exit of industrial waste.
Offensive odor of decoyed eels is similar to that of offensive odor fish caught in this sea and new peak considerd to be offensive odor substances was revealed in gas chromatogram with gas evaporated from offensive odor eels.
This new peak is corresponded to tha peak with sea water and that with industrial waste.
Degree of offensive odor and also offensive odor peak in gas chromatogram were scarcely found in the eels cultured in the sea at a very distanee of about 1Km. from the harbor.
From decoyed eels or odor-substauces in the sea-water, it was recognized that fishes which had lived north in Mizushima harbors became gradually evil-odor fishes in various degrees corre sponding to degree of odorness and quantity of odor-substances in the sea-water.

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The activities of Glutamate dehydrogenase (GLD) in sera obtained from 21 of healthy individuals as well as 143 of patients (317 of determinations) with hepatobiliary diseases were measured according to the modified technique of Olson. The serum levels of the enzyme were also examined in reference to the histological findings of the liver and jaundice.
The results obtained were as follows.
1) The GLD activities in the sera obtained from healthy individuals ranged from zero to 85.2 units.
2) The serum levels of GLD increased markedly in acute hepatitis with jaundice, intrahepatic cholestasis, cancer of the liver and obstructive jaundice, whereas the activity showed moderate rise in the convalescence of acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis.
3) The marked increase of the serum GLD in obstructive jaundice, intrahepatic cholestasis and cancer of the liver was not accompanied by a proportional increment of the serum transaminases (GOT and GPT).
4) In acute hepatitis and liver cirrhosis there was a close correlation between an increase of the serum GLD and an intensity of necrotic changes of the liver cells. Furthermore, the serum levels of GLD in liver cirrhosis were related to an extent of the distorted lobular reconstruction.
5) About 79% of the determinations in which the GLD/GPT ratio was more than 1.5 included exclusively intrahepatic cholestasis and extrahepatic jaundice. The remaining 21% comprised liver cirrhosis with abnormal zinc turbidity reaction. Thus, it would be reasonable to conclude that a new criteria (GLD/GPT>1.5 and normal zinc turbibity reaction) would be a useful diagnostic aid for obstructive hepatobiliary diseases.

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The isolated rat liver cells were dispersed in the medium under various conditions to observe the behavior of the leakage of the enzymes from liver cells. Furthermore, the hepatic artery of rat was ligated to examine the effect of hypoxia on the enzyme leakages from liver into the circulation. The alterations of the enzymes in serum and liver tissue were also examined using rats with liver cirrhosis induced by CCl₄. The enzymes assayed were Glutamate dehydrogenase (GLD), Transaminases (GOT and GPT), Isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD) and Glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase).
The following results were obtained.
1. When the liver cells were dispersed in the medium, there was a marked leakage of such activities as GOT and ICD, whereas GLD almost completely retained within the cells.
2. After incubating the isolated cells in the medium under hypoxia, an extremely increased leakage of GLD was observed. The leakage of other enzymes measured, however, was little influenced by hypoxia. Similar results were obtained with dinitrophenol.
3. The ligation of hepatic artery of rat caused the earliest and most remarkable increase of the serum GLD, whereas the rise of GOT was moderate. The serum levels of GPT, ICD and G-6-Pase did not changed essentially compared with control.
4. Despite of the marked elevation of the serum GLD, ADP/O ratio of the mitochondria of the hepatic cells was not effected by the ligation of the hepatic artery. This result suggests that the increase of the serum GLD does not always imply the irreversible damages of the hepatic mitochondria.
5. The activities of GLD and G-6-Pase within the experimentally induced cirrhotic liver of rat showed a remarkable diminution, whereas these activities in serum increased markedly.

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The presence of Zinc in living organisms and its role as an essential nutrient for plants and animals has been recognised since 1869. However, its metabolism remains still widely unknown. In recent days, much attention has been given to the significance of Zinc metabolism in malignant tumors. The author tried to study the Zinc metabolism in leukemia and to find its clinical significance. The results of these studies are presented as follows.
Materials and Methods.
The subjects of the study consisted of 26 cases of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), 8 cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), 2 cases of monocytic leukemia (MOL), 9 cases of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), 2 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and 2 cases of erythrocytic leukemia (EL) to the total of 48 cases as well as 5 cases of malignant lymphoma were selected as related diseases, all admitted to the Second Clinic of Internal Medicine, Okayama University. For the control 13 males and 12 females to the total of 25 healthy adult persons were selected. For the purpose to study tthe correlations between th types of leukemia and the total Zinc score as well as Zinc score gram, and the mutual relationships between the Zinc score and clinical course after treatment we estimated the amounts of Zinc in peripheral blood granulocytes of leukemic patients by Mc Nary.s Method. In addition, the correlation was studied between the onset and the development of experimental leukemia.
The results of these studies are presented as follows.
Results and Conclusion
1) The total Zinc score in the healthy control group was 200.2±18.8, while the average value in leukemic patients was as low as 161±32.3 in most of the patients before treatment.
2) On looking at the total Zinc score according to types of diseases, CML showed a markedly low value of 126.0±12.3 in average, followed by a low value of 165.0±29.4 in AML, but the latter gave a considerable variation in the values. ALL and CLL did not show any significant difference from the control group.
3) On studying the relationship to treatment, there was a tendency of the low value recovering to normal level as the symptoms were improved by the treatment.
4) Looking at the Zinc score gram prepared by plotting the frequencies according to the grade of Zinc score the pattern differed somewhat according to the type of diseases, but on the whole there was observed a tendency to approach the normal pattern as the condition improved by treatment, while it tended to return to the pattern before treatment as the condition aggravated. Such tendencies were most marked in CML.
5) It has been demonstrated that the total Zinc score and the Zinc score gram serve a useful role as a supplementary diagnosis in identifying types (AML and ALL) of leukemias as well as in deciding the efficacy of the treatment.
6) In estimating similarly Zinc score of the peripheral blood granulocytes in Rauscher leukemic mice with lapse of time after inoculation of Rauscher virus, the total Zinc score decreased at time corresponding to the time when Rauscher virus began to proliferate in megakaryocytes in the spleen and as leukemia advanced, this value rapidly decreased.
7) These results seem to suggest that the decreasing mechanism of Zinc score in leukocytes intimately related to the onset as well as to the developmt of leukemia.

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With object of studying Zinc metabolism in leukemic patients the Zinc score in granulocytes was estimated by Mc Nary's method in Part 1. In the present experiment attempts were made to determine by atomic absorpiton spectrophotometry the serum Zinc content what is thought to be closely associated with Zinc metabolism, and the study was also made on changes in the Zinc levels according to types of diseases and to the results of treatment. Also Zinc contents in the urine and organs were estimated, though the cases studied were only a few innumber. The relationship between Zinc score and serum protein picture was also investigated.
Materials and Methods
The subjects were all the patients admitted to the Second Department of Internal Medicine, Okayama University. They consisted of 9 cases of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), 9 cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), 4 cases of monocytic leukemia (MoL), 15 cases of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), 2 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and I case of erythrocytic leukemia (EL), to the total of 40 cases, as well as 6 cases of malignant lymphoma as related disease. For the control group 12 adult males and 15 adult females tothe total of 27 healthy persons were selected.
Results and Conclusion
1) It has been found that serum Zinc levels in healthy persons proves to be 134±12.2mcg/dl in males and 113.8±16.4mcg/dl in females, average being 119.2±16.5mcg/dl.
2) The serum Zinc levels according to types of leukemia prove to be 106.9±31mcg/dlin AML; 93.±32mcg/dl in ALL, 81.7mcg/dl in Mol, 111.1±31mcg/dl in CML, 98.0±18mcg/dl in GLL, and 62.5mcg/dl in EL.
3) The serum Zinc score in leukemic patients is found to be low before treatment and at the time of aggravation in ALL and CLL, but it tends to recover to its normal level as the condition improves in both ALL and CLL.
4) There can be observed no significant correlations among the serum Zinc content, Zinc score of granulocytes, and alkaline phosphatase of neutrophils of the same leukemic individual.
5) There are also no significant correlations among the serum Zinc content, serum protein contents and their fractions in the same leukemic patient.
6) In studying ⁶⁵Zn-uptake by each protein fraction of leukemic patient serum after labeling it in vitro with ⁶⁵Zn, it has been demonstrated that the uptake by albumin is 52.7%, by α1-globulin 15.53%, by α₂-globulin 18.62%, by β-globulin 9.19% and by γ-globulin to be 3.62%, indicating that the albumin fraction has taken up the major portion of ⁶⁵Zn, which is followed by the uptake of α₂-globulin and α₁-globulin.
7) In the study of absorption test and quantitative analysis of urinary Zinc contents after the administration of Zinc difference from the results with normal healthy control.
8) In estimating Zinc contents of erythrocytes, and leukocytes as well as Zinc contents in the liver, spleen, bone marrow and kidneys there can be observed no significant difference from the results with the normal control group.
9) It is assumed that disturbance of Zinc absorption and acceleration of its excretion, and the decrease in serum protein and albumin fractions are not mainly responsible for the mechanism of decreasing Zinc content in the serum of leukemic patient, but rather it is dependent upon other complex factors.

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The cytological diagnosis of gastric cancer has been made rapid progress with the improvement of methods of cell collection. The knowledge of morphological characteristics of exfoliative cells in gastric cancer has been analysed in more details, however, the classification of cytodiagnosis depends upon routine morphological findings, which is different in different individual experiences of cytology. The is the reason why the objectivity of classification is required. The present study was aimed to the statistical approach for the purpose of establishment of standardization in cytodiagnosis of gastric cancer.
Materials were obtained from resected stomach of 140 cases of gastric cancer, 140 cases of peptic ulcer, 20 cases of gastric polyp and 30 cases of gastritis. Three smear specimens were made in each case and stained by Papanicolaou's method. In the statistical analysis of morphological findings of exfoliative celles of these cases, the results as follows were obtained.
1 As the criteria of malignancy, following twelve findings were usefull and highly significant; crowding of cells and nuclei, irregularity of pattern, anisokaryosis, pleomorphism of nuclei, large cytoplasmic vacuolization, enlargement of nuclei, increase of nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio, irregularity in nuclear outline, thickening of nuclear membrane, chromatin condensation, enlargement of nucleoli, increase of nucleoli.
2 There were no statistically significant cytological findings between early cancer and advanced cancer.
3 Statistically, the difference of mean numbers of cytological findings between cancer group and benign group was significant.
4 When trial statistic diagnosis by the use of above mentioned twelve findings was performed, the frequency of incorrect diagnosis were 2.1% in likelihood method, 3.3% in discriminant function method and 2.7% in simple mumbering method of cytological findings, respectively.
5 The most relevant combination of cytological findings was nuclear pleomorphism and increase of nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio.
6 The source of incorrect diagnosis or borderline cases were mainly narrow exposed carcinoma simplex or early cancer. In benign group, on the other side, the main source of incorrect diagnosis was peptic ulcer with high grade metaplastic gastritis.

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