When hemoglobin of the normal mouse was studied as a control to observe the changes in hemoglobin of Rauscher Leukemia, the absorption curve of hemolysate was drawn and an OxyHb type of absorption curve was observed.
In alkali denaturation test the existence of two or more components was suggested. By means of starch-gel electrophoresis of hemolysate five components were observed in early fetus and four components in late fetus, newborn and adult mice and then their component ratios were calculated.
By column chromatography of hemolysate the exisitence of four components was certified and by Betke's staining Betke positive erythrocytes were found numerous in late fetus and newborn mice and they decreased rapidly in number afterwards.

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In the study of the changes in hemoglobin of Rauscher leukemia an OxyHb type of absorption curve was observed in the absorption curve of hemolysate, the existence of two or more components was suggested, and compared with the normal mouse, the 2nd component was observed to increase with the advance of leukemia in starch-gel electrophoresis of hemolysate, while the 1st and 3rd components were observed to decrease. In spleen hemolysate, too, the 2nd component was observed to increase. Betke-positive erythrocytes were observed to increase in number after virus inoculation and amount to 271 to 1, 000 mature erythrocytes at an advanced stage.
From the above-mentioned observations the conclusion was arrived at that the fetus change in a form of dis-differentiation of tumor cells caused by Rauscher virus and Thalassemia-like condition caused by the derepression of regulator genes and repressors would appear.

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The chemical and microbiological investigations of Kojima Bay were carried out for the purpose of clarifying the water pollution. The results and some discussions are summarized as follows.
1. Kojima Bay had been progressively polluted with organic compounds and inorganic nitorogen, but the situation of this bay has been improving for some years except transparency in the whole area and pollution by coli form group in the bay bottom.
2. The salinity of the surface water in Kojima Bay was conciderably low, half as much as that of the sea water. Then, Kojima Bay is in a suitable condition for the outbreak of red tides in a point of salinity.
3. The pollution load by the industrial and munincipal wast water drained into the bay is extremely too large for the volume of this bay.
4. In due considerations of the geographical condition and the pollution load, the waste water should be treated in closed system.

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Fromalin-treated extract of spleens of BALB/c mice infected with Rauscher leukemia was, used for protection and immunotherapy against Rauscher leukemia.
In the group which was vaccinated at the same time with and one week after virus inoculation leukemia was not protected, although mean survival was more prolonged than in control group. In the group which was injected vaccine 6 weeks after virus inoculation 10 percent of mice were induced to remission. Furthermore, in the group which was vaccinated at 3 weeks after virus inoculation, likewise 10 percent of mice were completely protected against leukemia without manifesting any leukemic sign.
In leukemic mice peripheral bolod pictures were characterized by marked increase of nucleated cells and presence of erythroblasts and Rauscher cells. Enormous hepatosplenomegaly was due to proliferating reticulum cells and erythroblasts. In mice which were protected against leukemia and induced to remission with vaccines, no abnormal findings were present in either peripheral blood pictures or histological sections of the spleen and liver.
With electron microscopy numerous virus particles were observed in the spleen of leukemic mice, but not observed in the spleen of mice which were protected against leukemia and induced to remission.

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The serum proteins were investigated by cellulose acetatate electrophoresis in Rauscher leukemic mice and leukemic mice which were either induced or not induced to remission with virus vaccines.
In leukemic mice serum γ-globulin level increased slightly as the mice approached the initial stage of leukemia. In the abvanced stage of leukemia there were a decrease of γ-globulin, α-globulin and albumin and an increase of β-globulin. Twenty days after virus inoculation, an abnormal fraction, not found in normal mice, was detected between α₂-globulin and β-globulin fractions and markedly increased as leukemia prolonged. This abnormal fraction was considered to be specific in Rauscher leukemia.
In mice which were induced to remission with vaccines, the abnormal fraction disappeared in the remission stage and there were a marked increase of γ-globulin and β-globulin probably due to reaction of the host against Rauscher leukemia. And the abnormal fraction appeared again in mice which relapsed.

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Incidence of hepatitis affecting hemodialysis patients was investigated by inquiry on one hundred and twenty-one cases who were on dialysis treatment in ten hemodialysis units in Okayama Prefedture.
Items of inquiry were the history of hepatitis, blood transfusion and jaundice; and GOT, GPT, Australia antigen & antibody measured in these units before and after hemodialysis treatment. Recovery of inquiry was 96.6% and investigated group was consisted of seventy-five male and fourty-two female. Thirty-six cases had the history of hepatitis (30.8%). Abnormality of liver function test (TTT, ZTT, GOT, GPT) was increased about two times after hemodialysis treatment than before. Abnormality of GOT or GPT in one hundred and three cases measured by authors was 20.4% and 28.2%, respectively. Longer period of hemodialysis and more blood transfusion showed more high abnormality of GPT. These results indicate the transfusion was the important factor of occurence of hepatitis, again.

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Acatalasemia is the homozygote of an abnormal gene which is considered to be involved in the vital catalase synthesis of man, as discovered by Takahara in 1946.
The hypocatalasemia which is a heterozygote of this abnormal gene, since its blood catalase activity is only about one half that of normal persons, has a characteristic of being accurately detected by the biochemical methods.
In addition, it is of a great importance in the sense of gentics to determine its frequency by the cases of hypocatalasemia.
As for the screening tests of this hypocatalasemia the titration with potassium permanganate has been mostly used, but the author devised a new method of determining catalase activities of the subjects by measuring the amount of oxygen gas produced from H₂O₂ by the action of catalase, using the polarographic sensor.
This method, compared with the available ones has a great advantage in that its accuracy, the ease of examinations and possible simultaneous screening tests with quantiative analysis are possible. Furthermore, this method is a superior one that it is easy to transport the test apparatus and conduct field examinations.

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According to a tendency of an increase of acute leukemia in the aged people, we have recently seen not a few patients with acute leukemia of an atypical variety. These cases “smolder along” with mild clinical features for a period of months to years. They were designated as “smoldering acute leukemia” by Rheingold in 1963. The author summarised the clinical and hematological features of one's own experienced cases of acute leukemia belonging to this category. The author intended further to find the possible causes inducing these atypical clinical courses through cytogenetic analysis of leukemic cells in the bone marrow, and obtained the following results.
1. Clinical Studies
1) Six of 7 cases were males and 5 cases were the aged patients over 50 years. Five of 7 cases did not reveal any typical signs and symptoms indicating acute leukemia, such as high grade fever, severe bleeding tendency, hepatosplenomegaly or lymphadenopathy.
2) In the peripheral blood, all of them were aleukemic, i.e., none did show leukocytosis, 0 to 10% at most of leukemic blasts were found.
3) In the bone marrow, 5 of them showed hypoplastic marrow and the other 2 cases normoplastic and hyperplastic. High percentage of leukemic myeloblasts or promyelocytes were observed in all cases.
4) No antileukemic agents except the minimum dose of steroid hormon and repeated intermittent blood transfusion were given to the patients. The patients survived over one year except one case that died of pneumonia at 8.5 months after treatment was started.
II. Cytogenetic Studies
Cytogenetic studies were done on bone marrow samples using a modification of the direct method of Tjio and Whang.
1) Four of 7 cases revealed a normal diploid mode with 46 chromosomes. Aneuploidy was however, found in the remaining three cases, one case of hypodiploidy with 45 chromosomes and 2 cases of hyperdiploidy with 47 chromosomes.
2) Four of 7 cases revealed a normal karyotype, wheras the other three cases revealed a remarkable changes of karyotype.
3) The chromosome anomaly common to all cases were not found.
4) No significant relationship was observed between the clinical features of these cases and their chromosome anomalies of the leukemic cells in the bone marrow.
From these results it is concluded that the atypical clinical course of the smoldering acute leukemia is not controled solely by the cytogenetic factors of the leukemic cells.

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Pathogenesis of atypical leukemia (hypoplastic leukemia and smoldering acute leukemia) is still unknown. The author intended to find the factors inducing its unique clinical course by comparing 5 cases of atypical leukemia with the same numder of typical acute leukemia with respect to their blasts cell size, laveling index with ³H-thymidine and pattern of tissue growth by the bone marrow culture method devised by us. And obtained the following results.
1) The size of 100 blasts chosen randomely out of the bone marrow smear prepared from 5 cases of atypical leukemia was compared with those of typical acute leukemia. The mean value of the former group was 41.9±12.3, while that of the latter was 61.4±16.7. Therefore, the size of blasts in the atypical leukemia proved to be somewhat smaller than those of the typical acute leukemia.
2) The mean value of laveling index with ³H-thymidine of the blasts in the bone marrow of the former group was 6.4%, while that of the latter was 12.9%.
3) The growth pattern of the bone marrow tissue from the 5 patients with atypical leukemia was as follows: The bone marrow explants from these patients were generally hypoplastic, consisting of an increase of fat cells intermingled with several foci scattered made of leukemic blasts. The growth zone revealed much lower cell density than that of the typical acute leukemia. The margin of the growth zone, however, sharply bordered and similar to the pattern of typical acute leukemia. Cells observed predominantly in the growth zone composed of immature leukemic cells and mature lymphocytes throughout the culture period of 24-48 hours.
From these results, it is assumed that most of leukemic blasts in the bone marrow of the patients with atpical leukemia are “dormant cells”, i.e. belong to a nondividing compartment, and reduced multiplication rate is closely related to their mild clinical courses.

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Sixty-eight of Okayama university students who discovered by periodical examination was investigated by five urine specimen method, and classified in nine groups by the pattern of proteinuria. Simultaneously, past history, urinary sediment, hematocrit, PSP, Urea-N and total serum protein was investigated and comparative studies among each group was studied. Percentage of positive proteinuria discovered by two urine specimen examination (before bed and early morning) and three urine specimen examination (on arrival, one hour rest and two hours rest) was not coincided, so these results suggest the more urine examination make the better discovery of proteinuria, because intermitent proteinuria was 27.4% who showed negative urinary protein on the examined day. Type of urinary protein excretion pattern was classified as follows; proteinuria was negative both at before bed and in the early morning (a), positive urinary protein at before bed and negative in the early morning (b), urinary protein showed positive both at before bed and in the early morning (c): proteinuria was negative on arrival at health service center, after one hour rest, and after two hours rest, intermitent type (A), urinary protein changed from positive to negative by rest, positional type (B), and always positive urinary protein, persistent type (C). Nine groups was made by the combination of these types.
Ditribution of groups was 27.9% (a-A group), 17.6% (b-B group), 14.7% (c-C group) and 0% (a-C group).
Incidence of red blood cell in the urinary sediment in each group was under five red blood cell count in one high power field in negative group, and microhematuria was found in five of ten cases of persistent type and three of them showed over six blood cell count in one high power field
Incidence of renal diseases in past hisotry decreased in the order of persistent type, positional type and intermitent type of proteinuria. High ASLO titer was found in over half cases of positional type and ASLO titer & proteinuria was decreased after administration of antibiotics (Sigmamicin). Possibility of infection influenced on the proteinuria of positional type was suspected. Results of PSP, Urea-N, Cholesterol, total protein and A/G ratio were in normal range and no signifficant difference among each group. Histological findings by renal biopsy from three cases of persistent type elucidated the presence of renal diseases. According to the results, examination of five urine specimen, past history, urinary sediment (red blood cell count) and ASLO was the important items of the examination of proteinuria discoverd by perioidical examination of college student.

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