With advance in the double irridigoradiographic technique the detection of early gastric cancer has markedly increased. However, early gastric cancer of superficial depressive type on the greater curvature, because of the difficulty in its discovery due to the specificity of its site and its low incidence, seems to be relatively rare.
In spite of this rarity, recently we encountered superficial depressive cancers at the corpus, the angulus and the antrum one each at respective site, about which we reported with some comments on each.

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The role of cell surface in a haloresistant mechanism of S. aureus was analyzed by freeze-etching method. Our comparative studies were carried out on S. aureus cultivated in 0.5% NaCl containing medium (Normal-Staph) and in 10% NaCl containing medium (10%-Staph), as they were or were treated with L-11 enzyme (cell wall lytic enzyme obtained from Flabobacterium sp.).
1. As shown in photographs of non-treated and enzyme-treated cells, both the cell size and cell wall thickness of 10%-Staph increased to about 1.5 times Normal-Staph.
2. When Normal-Staph was exposed to L-11 enzyme, there occurred a gradual decrease in the OD. In the case of 10%-Staph, the OD showed a down-slope with a shoulder which rose in OD once at about 10 minutes after incubation.
3. The surface pattern of plasma membrane of Normal-Staph appeared to be made up of closely arranged spherical subunits. But in the case of 10%-Staph, the spherical subunits were indistinct and appeared to be sparsely located.

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A psychosomatic study was conducted with grade school and high school students to examine the occurrence of diarrhea and constipation in relation to their perception of illness. In order to find out in greater detail the nature of diarrhea and constipation and the awareness of illness in adolescents, a further psychosomatic study was conducted by questionnaires, psychological tests, interviews and somatic examinations. A follow up study was conducted two and a half years later.
The main results were as follows.
1. The incidence of diarrhea and constipation increased significantly in so-called adolescence over the period from junior high school to senior high school. Boys had more diarrhea while girls more constipation.
2. Those who had only one bowel movement a day were found in 61 to 72% of the male population, while in only 50 to 69% of the female population. In regard to the type of stool, as many as 11 to 21% of boys and 11 to 24% of girls reported that they usually had soft, hard or sheepdung stools. As they were mostly healthy students, these findings suggest that the awareness of illness is an important factor in diagnosing irritable colon syndrome.
3. Significant interrelationship was proven to exist between the occurrence of diarrhea and/or constipation and sociopsychological factors such as anxiety, emotional unstability and social maladaptation.
4. Significant interrelationship was proven to exist between the awareness of illness and sociopsychological factors.
5. Almost 2/3 of the students who have diarrhea and/or constipation with the awareness of illness developed their first symptoms during the period of preparing for enter to the upper schools and/or for adjusting to the new school surroundings. Among their precipitating factors anxiety and tension in connection with school examinations were mentioned by 2/3 of the students.
6. About 2/3 of both diarrhea and constipation types showed a lymphoid hyperplasia in the part of terminal ileum by the X-ray examination. In the lactose tolerance test (50g), more than 80% of both types showed less than 20mg/dl of the maximum rise of blood sugar. However, there was no significant difference between these two types.
7. The significant interrelationship between the occurrence of diarrhea and/or constipation and sociopsychological factors was supported by the follow up study which was carried out two and a half years later.

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1. Before applying the fluorescence microscopic method with Coriphosphine O (CO) to the staining of gastric mucosal tissues. the type of solvent, PH and temperature for making most of the physicochemical properties of Coriphosphine O pigment were -examined, and the opitimal staining conditions were established.
2. The CO fluorescence microscopic method was found to be capable of well indicating the tissue structure of the gastric mucosa histomorphologically. The method also enabled the visual identification of the individual cells, and could be used for histopathological diagnosis.
3. The fluorescence microscopic method by use of CO fluorescent pigment is characterized by specific binding of the pigment with nucleic acid, as has been demonstrated by digestion with DNAse and RNAse.
Dilutions in various concentrations of CO pigment with McIlvaine buffer, PH 5.4, were, when irradiated with ultraviolet rays in the vicinity of the wavelength 405μm, found to show a spectrum of color changes according to the pigment concentrations. These color changes were in agreement with those of the gastric mucosal epithelial cell eytoplasm in various gastric diseases under application of the CO fluorescence microscopic method.
4. By comparing the color changes of gastric mucosal epithelial cell cytoplasm with concentrations in vitro, the average CO concentration of pathologic mucosal epithelial cell cytoplasm in various stomach diseases and RI (RNA Index) were calculated and comparatively stadied.
5. The comparative study of the average CO concentration and RI, i.e., the fluorescent color of the epithelial cell cytoplasm alone was found to have littel usefulness for clinical purposes. This was pointed out to be an important matter in clinical cytodiagnosis.
6. As far as the RNA level within the epithlial cell cytoplasm was concerned, the average CO concentration and RI. could be used as a yardstick of RNA level in the cell, only under a simple morphological provision that “the epithelial cell cytoplasm is stained diffusely.”
7. As compared with normal mucosa, an increase in cell RNA was observed in the mucoosa of cancerous tissues of early as well as advanced cancer, in the rostral noncancerous stump tissue of advanced cancer, in a part of the noncancerous tissue adjacent to cancer, and in the regenerated epithlium. The clinical significance of these findings was discussed.
8. The cells with remarkable mucous retention, i.e., goblet cells in the mucosal epithelium with intestinal metaplasia, signet-ring cells within mucus-producing cancerous tissues, and the mucous portion of lacunar epithlial cell cytoplasm in adenomatous polyps, were not stained.

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1. In six cases of early gastric cancer including the protruded type, superficial type and excavated type, findings of stomach X-ray, endoscopy and cytology as well as histopathological findings of biopsy specimens and the resected stomach were described in detail.
Particularly, the X-ray diagnosis, endoscopic diagnosis and their relationship to the macroscopic classification were discussed.
2. In the six cases of early gastric cancer, the histopathological pictures with hematoxylin-eosin staining were found to be in complete agreement with coriphorphine O (CO) staining characteristics. The CO fluorescence microscopic method was also shown to be a staining method capable of well representing the tissue structure.
Futher, the method is superior in the visualization of cells and is advantageous in the detection of atypical cell arrangement in early gastric cancer.

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Injection of goldthioglucose (GTG) destroys the bilateral ventro-medial nucleus, the “satiety area” and gives rise to hypothalamic obesity in mice (abbreated later as GTG mice).
A considerable number of papers have been published on lipid metabolism of liver and adipose tissue in these obese animal. However, little is known about individual fatty acids synthesis in GTG mice.
In this report, the author disclosed the individual fatty acids synthesis of liver and adipose tissue in GTG mice.
Observations were performed both in vitro and in vivo, with analysis of the incorporation and distribution of 1-¹⁴C-acetate in individual fatty acids of major lipid classes
Results were as follows.
Experiment on liver;
1) Liver of GTG mice incorporated significantly more 1-¹⁴C-acetate in saponifiable fraction of lipids (=total fatty acids) than liver of control mice did.
2) In regard to the study on the distribution of 1-¹⁴C-acetate in individual fatty acids separated by gaschromatography, the percentage of radioactivity recovered in oleic acid significantly increased in GTG mice. On the other hand, the percentage of radioactivity in fatty acids with retention time corresponding to arachidic acid or longer relatively decreased.
3) After four hours' incubation of liver with 1-¹⁴C-acetate in vitro, the percentage distribution of radioactivity recovered in triglyceride significantly increased in GTG mice compared with control mice.
In vivo, the percentage distribution of radioactivity increased in liver triglyceride with time from one hour to four hours after administration of 1-¹⁴C-acetate in GTG mice.
4) It is conspicuous that the amount of radioactivity recovered in oleic acid of GTG mice was always significantly higher than in that of control mice, on analysis of ¹⁴C distribution in individual fatty acids esterified into triglyceride, both in vitro and in vivo.
The percentage distribution of ¹⁴C in oleic acid of triglyceride in GTG mice was increasing with time up to four hours in vivo, too.
5) In individual fatty acids esterified into phospholipids, the percentage of ¹⁴C found in oleic acid of GTG mice was also higher than in that of control mice.
6) In vitro, fasted animals incorporated less ¹⁴C into total fatty acids than fed animals in both GTG and control mice and significant decrease was observed in the percentage of ¹⁴C in myristic acid and palmitic acid.
Experiment on adipose tissue;
There was a highly significant increase in the incorporation of ¹⁴C into total fatty acids in the tissue of GTG mice compared with control mice.
However, no significant differences were found in the percentage distribution of ¹⁴C in major lipid classes nor in individual fatty acids of saponifiable fraction of lipids between both groups of mice.
From these results, the author advocates a possibility that obesity of these animals is due to the increased synthesis of fatty acids and incresed accumulation of triglyceride esterified with oleic acid.

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Fatty acids synthesis from acetate in goldthioglucose obese (GTG) mice was described in part 1.
In this report, the incorporation of ¹⁴C from (U)-¹⁴C-palmitic acid, 1-¹⁴C-linoleic acid and 1-¹⁴C-γlinolenic acid into individual fatty acids and major lipid classes of liver was determined in vivo.
Results were as follows.
1) No significant differences between GTG and control mice were found in the incorporation of ¹⁴C into saponifiable fraction of lipids (total fatty acids) from ¹⁴C-palmitic acid, ¹⁴C-linoleic acid and ¹⁴C-γ-linolenic acid.
2) In the percentage distribution of ¹⁴C in major lipid classes in both groups of mice, it was found that ¹⁴C come from ¹⁴C-palmitic acid was incorporated mainly into triglyceride, ¹⁴C from ¹⁴C-linoleic acid into triglyceride and phospholipids, and ¹⁴C from ¹⁴C-γ-linolenic acid mainly into phospholipids.
A few differences between GTG and control mice were found in the percentage distribution of ¹⁴C from ¹⁴C-palmltic acid, ¹⁴C-linoleic acid and ¹⁴C-γ-linolenic acid in triglyceride and phospholipids.
3) In regard to the study on the incorporation of ¹⁴C into individual fatty acids of saponifiable fraction of lipids, the percentage of ¹⁴C recovered in palmitic acid from ¹⁴C-palmitic acid more increased and that in stearic acid more decreased in GTG mice than in control mice.
When ¹⁴C-linoleic acid was used as precursor, the percentage of ¹⁴C recovered in linoleic acid was 55-62% and that in arachidonic acid was about 12% of ¹⁴C in total fatty acids, in both groups of mice.
However, the percentage distribution of ¹⁴C in γ-linolenic acid from ¹⁴C-γ-linolenic acid was 10% and that in arachidonic acid was 46-58%, in both groups of mice.
The rate of conversion from γ-linolenic acid to arachidonic acid more increased in GTG mice than control mice.
4) In regard to the esterification of individual fatty acids into major lipid classes, it was found in both groups of mice that linoleic acid was more esterified into tryglyceride than into phospholipids, and arachidonic acid was esterified mainly into phospholipids.
From these results, metabolism of palmitic acid and essential fatty acids in GTG mice is characterized by increased palmitic acid pool and increased ratio of the conversion from γ-linolenic acid to arachidonic acid.

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A clonal lymphoblastoid cell line derived from lymph node of a patient with Hodgkin's diseasewas cultivated in diffusion chambers implanted in the abdominal cavity of mice and cellular morphologic changes were sequentially studied for up to 8 weeks.
The majority of cells before intraperitoneal implantation were lymphoblasts with approximately 16% mature lymphocytes. However, after 3 weeks of in vivo cultivation in diffusion chambers, macrophage-like cells began to increase and occupied 80-90% of cells after 4 and 5 weeks. These macrophage-like cells, when tested for phagocytic activity after 4 weeks, exhibited bacterial phagocytosis. Labeling studies with ³H-thymidine indicated that active DNA synthesis continued for up to 2 weeks of in vivo diffusion chamber cultivation, during which mitotic figures were also observed morphologically. Further, it was attempted to recultivate in vitro cells that were taken out of diffusion chambers after 2, 3, and 4 weeks of in vivo implantation. These 3 separate attempts led to the development of lymphoblastoid cells that were morphologically and cytogenetically similar to those prior to diffusion chamber implantation.
From these findings, it is suggested that human lymphoid cells undergo morphologic alteration to macrophages under certain circumstances.

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Diffusion chambers containing EBV-bearing human lymphoblastoid cells were placed temporarily within the peritoneal cavity of BALB/c mice with Rauscher leukemia. Reestablished human leukocyte cultures became dually infected with C type and EBV particles and have continuously produced abundant C type particles. These virus particles were nonleukemogenic when inoculated into BALB/c mice but afforded some protection against challenge infection with spleen-derived leukemogenic RLV.

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As a link in the studies of changes in the cancer progress and concomitant immunity in cancer-bearing body, we conducted a series of in vitro tissue cultures using JTC-11 cells (a cell line established from Ehrlich cancer cell) mixed with lymphocytes prepared from regional axillary lymph nodes, distant mesenterial lymph nodes, and spleen with lapse of time, from the DD mice previously transplanted with 500×10⁴cells/mouse of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells on the back under skin, and observed changes in the antitumor activity of these lymphocytes.
As a result it has been demonstrated that by 5 days after Ehrlich cancer transplantation antitumor activity can be detected in any of lymphatic tissues, while by about 8-10 days there appears a strong antitumor activity first in the regional axillary lymph-nodes cells and lymphoid cells of spleen, but at this stage such an antitumor activity cannot yet be seen in the distant mesenterial lymph-node cells. After lapse of 15, 20 and 22 days a strong antitumor activity appears in the distant mesenterial lymph-node cells, which becomes stronger with lapes of time. On the other hand, in the spleen the antitumor activity weakens and disappears with lapse of 15, 20, and 22 days. In the case of axillary lymph nodes by 15th day there can still be observed a strong antitumor activity, which grows gradually weaker by 20th and 22nd days.
The fact that, when left standing without any treatment, concomitant immunity in the cancer-bearing mouse destined to die of tumor death appears first in regional lymph nodes, which is gradually strengthened, and such a concomitant immunity appears later in distant lymph nodes, indicates that the concomitant immunity differs according to different sites of the body.

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