For the purpose of elucidating the relationship between arteriosclerosis and platelet functions, platelet adhesiveness, aggregation, factor-3, ¹⁴C-serotonin uptake and thrombodynamic function were measured in 92 patients with arteriosclerosis, including 29 cases of essential hypertention, 14 cases of chronic myocardial infarction, 29 cases of cerebral thrombosis and 11 cases of cerebral hemorrhage.
As to the platelet functions of these arteriosclerotic diseases, a significant elevation of the platelet adhesiveness was found in cerebral thrombosis, chronic myocardial infarction, coronary insufficiency and essential hypertention. Platelet aggregation was elevated only in chronic myocardial infarction. The platelet factor-3 did not show any increased abnormalities in all cases but rather showed a lowering tendency in cerebral thrombosis. The ¹⁴C-serotonin uptake was significantly decreased in cerebral thrombosis and hemorrhage. The thrombodynamic function revealed no abnormality.
Considering the relation between the aging of arteriosclerotic patients and the platelet functions, platelet adhesiveness and aggregation were more enhanced in the group of over 51 years old than in the group of under 50 years old. The ¹⁴C-serotonin uptake was more decreased in the latter group. Platelet factor-3 could not significant correlation to the aging.
As to the arteriosclerotic lesion of the ocular fundus, platelet adhesiveness was more elevated in cases with the arteriosclerotic lesion such as Scheie I, II & III degree and aggregation was observed to be accelerated only in cases with moderate arteriosclerotic lesion (Scheie I & II degree), compared with the normal group. But there was no significant correlation between the degree of progression of the fundus lesion and these platelet functions.
Platelet factor-3 was found to be higher in the arteriosclerotic group than in the normal. No good relationship was noted between platelet ¹⁴C-serotonin uptake function and the degree of the fundus lesion.

抄録全体を表示

For the purpose of elucidating the relationship between the spreading-out test proposed by Breddin and the current routine tests of platelet functions, the spreading-out index was studied in comparison with adhesiveness, aggregation, factor-3 and clot retraction. The results obtained are as follows.
Positive correlation was observed between the spreading-out index and platelet adhesiveness. Non-adhesive platelets obtained by filtering the platelet rich plasma through a glass wool filter was found to have a lower spreading-out index than the untreated platelets. Therefore, it was considered that the adhesive platelets played a role in the spreading-out phenomenon.
Although the adding of adenosine, AMP and ATP suppressed the spreading-out of the platelet, the adding test of ADP induced a tendency to increase the spreading-out index. The above result corresponded with the relationship between platelet adhesiveness and adenine nucleotides, and also supported the finding that spreading-out test is closely related to platelet adhesiveness.
No significant correlation was obserbed between the spreading-out index and the other platelet functions, i.e., aggregation, platelet factor-3 and clot retraction.

抄録全体を表示

Preleukemia is defined as a hematological disorder preceding the clinical recognition of leukemia. Up to now, some cases of preleukemia have reported. However, systematic studies on preleukemia have been rare. This paper describes clinical data of 62 cases of preleukemia in Japan, which may be summarized as follows.
1. Hypoplastic anemia-like hematological disorder (hypoplastic preleukemic stage) was the most frequent type among various preleukemic disorders (41 of 62 cases). Secondly, dyserythropoietic conditions, including pernicious anemia and sideroblastic anemia, were seen in preleukemic disorders (8 of 62 cases).
2. Preleukemia tended to occur in rather elderly males. This tendency was also recognized in hypoplastic preleukemic cases.
3. Preleukemic stages tended to persist for a relatively long period and survival times from the point of diagnosis of leukemia were relatively short.
4. Fifty-one of 62 cases terminated into acute lekemia, of which 31 cases were acute myelocytic leukemia, 7 cases monocytic leukemia, 5 cases acute lymphocytic leukemia, 2 cases acute erythroleukemia, 6 cases unknown type. Chronic leukemia was seen only in 6 cases of 62 cases and they were all myelocytic. Particularly, all hypoplastic preleukemic cases, excluding 4 unknown cases, terminated into acute leukemia.
5. The appearance of erythroblasts in the peripheral blood, a slight increase of myeloblasts and a relative erythroid hyperplasia in the bone marrow were noted at the hypoplastic preleukemic stage. On the other hand, some of hypolastic preleukemic cases tended to show aleukemic finding and hypocellular marrow at the time of diagnosis of leukemia.

抄録全体を表示

It has been ascertained that hypoplastic preleukemic stage is the most frequent type among various preleukemic conditions in Japan. However, there are some problems to be solved; namely, (I) What hematological findings are characteristic at this stage? Could hypoplastic preleukemic stage is differentiated from so-called hypoplastic anemia? (II) Whether or not normal hematopoietic cells will become malignant in the course of so-called hypoplastic anemia; in other words, hypoplastic anemia switches over to leukemia? (III) Whether or not a case with hypoplastic preleukemic stage has some potentialities to be leukemia; i, e., this stage is the hematological condition appearing to be hypoplastic anemia although the leukemic process is progressing latently. In this paper, these problems were studies through clinical and hematological examinations of 82 cases of hypoplastic anemia and 6 cases with hypoplastic preleukemic stage.
1. Characteristic hematological findings of so-called hypoplastic anemia are pancytopenia and hypocellular marrow. On the other hand, followings were thought to be atypical hematological findings; (I) reticulocytosis (above 20‰), (II) an increase of basophil (above 2%), (III) an increase of eosinophil (above 6%), (IV) monocytosis (above 11%), (V) appearance of erythroblasts, immature cells of granulocyte series and undifferentiated cells in the peripheral blood, and (VI) a relative erythroid hyperplasia (above 50%), (VII) a slight increase of myeloblasts (above 3%), (VIII) a left shift of granulocyte series (promyelocyte, above 12%), (IX) appearance of undifferentiated cells in the bone marrow.
2. Hypoplastic anemia were classified into 4 groups; (I) typical hypoplastic anemia without atypical finding, (II) Type I atypical hypoplastic anemia with one atypical finding, (III) Type II atypical hypoplastic anemia with 2 atypical findings, and (IV) Type III atypical hypoplastic anemia with more than 3 atypical findings. The frequency of these 4 types of hypoplastic anemia was 72.1%, 19.8%, 5.8% and 2.3%, respectively.
3. Five and 10 years' survivors were 25 and 13 of typical hypoplastic anemia, respectively. On the other hand, they were 8 and 3 of Type I atypical hypoplastic anemia. There were no 5 and 10 years' survivors in Type II and III atypical hypoplastic anemia except only one 5 years' survivor in Type III atypical hypoplastic anemia. These data suggested that the prognosis of atypical hypoplastic anemia, particularly Type II and III, were poor compared with typical hypoplastic anemia.
4. Some cases, which should be differentiated from pernicious anemia and hypoplastic preleukemic stage, were present among Type II and III atypical hypoplastic anemia. These data suggest that some other hematological disorders may be included in atypical, particularly Type II and III, hypoplastic anemia.
5. Most of hypoplastic preleukemic cases showed some atypical findings on admission. Among various atypical findings, a slight increase of myeloblasts or a left shift of granulocytic series complicated with a relative erythroid hyperplasia should be thought to be characteristic at hypoplastic preleukemic stage. These hematological findings were rarely seen in socalled hypoplastic anemia.
From these results, it is suggested that hypoplastic preleukemic stage may differ from socalled hypoplastic anemia and it is also suggested that the leukemic process may be progressing latently at that time.

抄録全体を表示

Recently some cases of atypical leukemia have been reported. The term of atypical leukemia is usually applied to cases with aleukemic findings, hypoplastic or hypocellular marrow and a low percentage of leukemic cells. On the other hand, some cases with a benign course were reported as smoldering acute lenkemia, It has been already ascertained that hypoplastic preleukemic stage is different from so-called hypoplastic anemia and the leukemic process is progressing latently at that time. However, whether this stage can be seen in all leukemic cases or in only some limitted types is still unknown. In this paper, this problem was studied through clical and hematological examinations of 7 cases with hypoplastic preleukemic stage, 22 cases of atypical leukemia and 80 cases of typical acute myelocytic leukemia.
1. Hypoplastic preleukemic stage and atypical leukemia tended to be more frequently seen in elderly males. In these 2 groups the absence of splenomegaly was thought to be a characteristic finding compared with typical leukemia.
2. Ten of 22 cases of atypical leukemia were treated under the clinical diagnosis of hypoplastic anemia untill the diagnosis of leukemia was made in our clinic. Retrospective examinations of bone marrow smear were done in 5 of these 10 cases. One of these cases was diagnosed to be leukemia at that time. Four cases denied to be leukemia, however, they were thought to have hypoplastic preleukemic stage at that time because of the presence of a slight increase of myeloblasts or a left shift of granulocyte series and a relative erythroid hyperplasia. On the other hand, these preleukemic changes were not observed in cases of typical leukemia.
4. Most of hypoplastic preleukemic cases and atypical leukemia showed atypical hematological findings during all their clinical courses.
5. Median survival times from the presumptive onset of leukemia and from the diagnosis of leukemia were 13.5 months and 3.3 months in 7 cases with hypoplastic preleukemic stage (excluding one unknown case). In 22 cases of atypical leukemia (excluding 3 unknown cases) they were 10.0 months and 4.5 months, respectively. On the other hand, most patients with typical leukemia treated with the same agents as those used for the above 2 groups died within 3 months.
These results suggest that not all leukemia is not preceded by hypoplastic preleukemic stage and also suggest that there may be a close relationship between this stage and atypical leukemia described as “hypoplastic leukemia” and “low percentage leukemia”. Furtheremore, these cases included hypoplastic preleukemia and atypical leukemia may correspond clinically to the so- “called smoldering acute leukemia.”

抄録全体を表示

A series of 191 patients of bronchial asthma were treated with menaquinone for not less than one year, and the clinical effect of the drug was investigated.
1) The therapy with menaquinone only gave effective rate of 90.0% (a marked effective rate of 42.4%) in mild patients, an effective of 86.7% (a marked effective rate of 30.0%) in moderate patients, and an effective rate of 72.2% (a marked effective rate of 27.3%) in severe patients. namely, considerably high effective rates were attained by the therapy in the respective patients.
2) The therapy with menapuinone, in conjunction with hyposensitization therapy, gave an effective rate of 100% (a marked effective rate of 33.3%) in mild patient, and an effective rate of 93.8% (a marked effective rate of 34.4%) in moderate patients, but such a low effective rate as 60% (a marked effective rate of 10%) in severe patients. It was revealed that menaquinone therapy is more effective, when employed in conjunction with hyposensitization.
3) The double blind stuby of the clinical effects of menaquinon revealed that the placebo used in the study was effective on only 16.7% of the patients treated with it, and that the incidence of recurrence due to discontinuance of menaquinone therapy tended to be low in patients treated with the drug for long periods.

抄録全体を表示

生来健康な50才男子が,意識障害を思わす症状で発症し,原因不明の発熱があり,血中アンモニヤは軽度上昇を示した.脳機能賦活剤とともに少量のChloramphenicolの他にLincocin, Sulpyrine, Sulfonamideなどを投与後,これらの薬剤に起因すると思われる顆粒白血球減少症をきたした.輸血その他の治療で恢復したが,輸血終了後6日目に発疹につづいて黄疸が始まり,全経過70日で死亡した.
剖検では島葉,前障,扁桃核,側頭葉の脳回谷部,アンモン角,小脳皮質,歯状核,下オリーブ核などに広汎,重篤な断血性変化があり,さらに星状グリヤの裸核化がびまん性にみられた.これらは循環障害と肝脳疾患断血型の境界に位置するものと考えられる.さらに真菌感染を強く疑わせる組織球性浸潤が合併していた.

抄録全体を表示

By injecting 1 mg of methylcholanthrene (MCA) subcutaneously on the back of C 3 H and Zb mice the immunological state in the host was studied in the course of tumor growth thus induced by MCA, from the following two aspects. One point the plaque forming cell number (PFC number) of the spleen against sheep blood red cells (SBRC), and the other is the allogeneic inhibtory activity of regional axillary lymph node cells in mixed culture with JTC-11 cells (a strain derived from Ehrlich) or HeLa cells as target cells.
Our observations have revealed that PFC number of spleen cells of the cancer-bearing mice decreases continuously from the time immediately after MCA injection up to the time of tumor death. The allogeneic inhibitory activity of regional lymph node, in the case with JTC-11 cells as target cell, is marked just before the tumor onset and shortly after the tumor onset, but such an activity is lost with time lapse of over 10 weeks when tumor grows bigger. However, when HeLa cell strain (derived from human cancer of uterus) with a great histoincompatibility is used as target cells, the allogeneic inhibitory activity is maintained persistenly up to the terminal stage of cancer.
In other words, it can safely be said that there occurs continuous decrease in the PFC, number during the entire course up to tumor death, and the allogeneic inhibitory activity, which is considered to be one of the immunological surveillance system, also becreases in a progressive cancer irrespective of carcinogenic processes.

抄録全体を表示

It has been emphasized that the early diagnosis and treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip joint are very important to gain good resulfs since von Rosen has published a report on a mass screening of this disease.
X-ray examination of the hip for the mass screening to diagnose the dislocated hips has been usually performed in Japan. However, the present author has carried out the mass screening by clnical examination because of difficulty in accurate diagnosis of dislocation as well as subluxation of the hips in the new born infants by X-ray picture and because of danger of irradiation. In the present study 4675 infants were examined by Ortolani's click sign, Barlow's test and flexion-abduction test at the fixed intervals of seven days, one month, three months, six months, twelve months and three years of age.
The results were summerized as follows;
1) The incidence of congenital dislocation of the hip joint was 0.7%, subluxation 1.0% and dysplasia 2.2% which had positive clinical tests at three months of age.
2) Both CE angle and acetabular roof obliquity in the hips with congenital dislocation, subluxation and dysplasia of the hip joint at three years of age were less than those of the normal hips with significant difference.
3) No congenital dislocation of the hip joint and subluxation were found in the cases which showed no clinical signs at the each check times.
4) From these findings it is suggested that X-ray examinations are necessary only in the cases with positive clinical signs at three months of age.

抄録全体を表示

The author studied on the in vitro incorporation of I-¹⁴C-acetate into total lipids and total fatty acids of platelets.
The results are summarized as follows.
I. The pattern of incorporation of radioactivity into fatty acids of platelets obtained from normal subjects.
a. It was ascertained that Platelets synthesized lipids, particularly fatty acids and fatty acid synthesis was considered to be via both mitochondrial and malonyl CoA pathways in platelets.
b. Platelets showed usually a significant decrease in percent ¹⁴C incorporation into oleic acid from I-¹⁴C-acetate as compared with liver, adipose tissue and leucocytes.
c. Platelets showed an increase in percent ¹⁴C incorporation into nonesterified fatty acid and a decrease into triglyceride as compared with liver, adipose and leucocytes.
d. Every fatty acid synthesized by platelets was selectively esterified to phospholipid and triglyceride.
e. The percentage of radioactive oleic acid in triglyceride fatty acids was more increased than that in nonesterified fatty acids.
2. The pattern of incorporation of radioactivity into fatty acids of platelets obtained from patients with arteriosclerosis, hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus.
a. The ¹⁴C incorporation into total fatty acid was increased markedly in patients of hyperlipidemia and obesity.
b. The ¹⁴C incorporation into cholesterol also was increased in these patients.
c. Fatty acid synthesis via malonyl CoA pathway was decreased and alternatively fatty acid synthesis was increased via mitochondrial pathway.
d. Increased ¹⁴C incorporation into oleic acid was observed and considered to be due to the enhancement of monounsaturation of stearic acid.

抄録全体を表示

As already reported in Part I, lipid metaboism in platelets was abnormal in hyperlipidemic, arteriosclerotic patients and diabetics. In order to investigate this abnormality, several experiments were performed on hyperlipidemia induced by lanolin and cottonoil in rabbits and on the effects of some drugs and food intake on lipid metabolism in human platelets.
The results are summarized as follows.
1. The ¹⁴C incorporation into total fatty acid of platelets from hyperlipidemic rabbits was increased and the abnormal pattern of the ¹⁴C incorporation into fatty acid was the same as in hyperlipidemic patients and the ¹⁴C incorporation into oleic acid was markedly increased.
2. With addition of 100γ/ml of BAL or 100γ/ml of Antimycin A, an abnormal pattern of ¹⁴C incorporation into fatty acid was observed.
This was similar to that observed in hyperlipidemic patients and ¹⁴C incorporation into oleic acid was increased absolutely.
3. When ATP or Insulin was added, the ¹⁴C incorporation into total fatty acid was increased.
4. It was disclosed that platelets obtained after meal incorporated more ¹⁴C-acetate into total fatty acid than those before meal and this incorporation was more prominent in hyperlipidemic patients.

抄録全体を表示

Activity of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL, postheparin lipolytic activity, PHLA) was measured in 50 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The LPL activity was determined by the difference of free fatty acid (FFA) released from incubated substrate (Ediol) and postheparin plasma.
Hyperlipidemia except for FFA was observed in almost all of the SLE patients, and was correlated with grade of proteinuria.
The LPL activity was significantly decreased in 47 cases. And marked decrease of the activity was observed in cases of the active phase.
The LPL activity was not correlated with levels of serum lipids. The LPL activity of cases, which were accompanied by nephrotic type of lupus nephritis or elevated blood urea nitrogen, showed almost the same as the mean value of total 50 cases. Also the LPL activity was decreased even in patients who had been not received steroid treatment.
It is reasonably presumed that SLE is a disorder which demonstrates depression of the LPL activity.

抄録全体を表示

The Plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPL, postheparin lipolytic activity, PHLA) was markedly decreased in active phase of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). And the most prominent decrement of the activity was observed in patients having “shaggy pattern” of the antinuclear factor.
The LPL activity showed positive correlation with serum complement titer and nagative with anti-DNA antibody titer. Also the activity markedly decreased in patients with IgG-IgM mixed type of serum cryoglobulin.
Furthermore, the LPL activity was decreased in the patients who demonstrated lumpy and granular pattern of the gromeruli by immunofluorescent technique.
The plasma obtained from SLE patients inhibited considerably the plasma LPL activity of normal subjects.

抄録全体を表示

Ribosomal 5S RNA was purified from a hepatoma (MH134) of C3H/He mice labeled with ³²P. The purified 5S RNA was digested with pancreatic RNase and RNase T₁, and their endproducts were separated with two dimensional electrophoresis to determine their nucleotide sequences. The molecule had uridine at its 3'-terminus and guanylic acid its 5'-terminus. Except for the presence of a 5'-terminal diphosphate, these nucleotide sequences were identical with those of KB cells, confirming the identity of the primary structure of 5S ribosomal RNA between them.
The significance of 5'-terminal diphosphate in relation to the biosynthesis of 5S ribosomal RNA was also discussed.

抄録全体を表示

In order to study the leukemogenesis by a carcinogen chemical substance in newborn mice, various doses of benzpyrene (BP) were administered by a single subcutaneous injection into newborn RF mice, and hematological and histlogical analyses were made periodically afer the injection. Leukemia was induced in a high percentage of treated mice. They are all lymphocytic leukemia of thymic type, except one case of non-thymic type. A parallel correlation was observed between the doses of the carcinogen administered and the incidence of leukemia. The leukemic change occurred first in the cortical area of the thymus 1.5 months after BP injection, followed by the leukemic infiltration in various other organs and leukemic death in three months. Fibrosarcoma was also observed in the treated mice. Leukemia and fibrosarcoma were both transplantable with cell. Numerous C-type virus particles with budding were demonstrated by electron microscopy in the lymph nodes of BP-induced leukemic mice.
From these findings, the author concludes that 1) the newborn mice are more susceptible than adult mice to the chemical carcinogen BP, 2) the thymus is the target organ and it plays an important role in the development of leukemia by BP, and 3) BP may induce leukemia by activating the provirus.

抄録全体を表示