A study was made on alterations in the surface structures of Gross virus-induced murine thymic leukemia cells and budding virions with freeze-etching technique.
The budding virions were clearly observed on the fractured faces of cell surface as well as microvilli and ruffled membranes. Knobs, approximately 10 nm in diameter, were demonstrated on the surfaces of budding virions. Extracellular virions had also the similar structure on their surfaces.
On the fractured protoplasmic face (P. F.), 8.5-10 nm typical intramembranous particles (I. P.) were arranged randomly without detectable aggregated particles. There also appeared smooth semispherical protrusions which could be regarded as budding virions.
Comparison was carried out between numbers of I. P. in leukemia cells and those in normal thymocytes, showing that I. P. slightly increased in leukemia cells.

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A hyperargininemia was induced by oraly administration of arginine in rabbit, and amino acids and guanidino compounds were analysed in the serum, urine and brain. As the experimental results, the following changes in the content of amino acids and guanidino compounds were observed:
1) Urea and ornithine increased, and otherwise, threonine, serine, isoleucine and lysine decreased significantly in the serum of the experimental hyperargininemic rabbit.
2) Among the serum guanidino compounds, only guanidinosuccinic acid increased significantly in the hyperargininemics.
3) Urinaly urea, alanine, cystathionine, ornithine and lysine increased significantly in the hyperargininemics.
4) Taurocyamine, guanidinosuccinic acid, glycocyamine, N-acetylarginie and γ-guanidinobutyric acid increased significantly in the urine of the hyperargininemics, and otherwise several unknown guanidino compounds were observed as higher peaks in the analysing record of the hyperargininemics.
5) Urea and ornithine increased and lysine and l-methylhistidine decreased significantly in the brain of the hyperargininemics.
6) Glycocyamine and N-acethylarginine increased significantly in the brain of the hyperargininemics, but no significant change was observed in other guanidino compounds in the brain of our experimental animal.

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Aleviatin (Diphenylhydantoin) is well known as an excellent antiepileptic drug, especially against grand-mal convulsion. Side reaction of this drug, however, was various and the reports concerning side reaction were many. The authors have reported two patients of Aleviatin intoxication with the complaint of postural disturbance. Some discussions and comments were made on the cases and literatures.
Summarizing the symptoms of these side reactions,
1. acute intoxication
a. skin manifestations: rash like scarlet fever or urticaria, exfoliative dermatitis, systemic lupus erythematoid eruption, Stevens-Johnson syndrome
b. neurological signs: postural disturbance, ataxia, tremor, dysarthria, diplopia, nystagmus, tinnitus, hearing impairment, choreoathetoid movement
c. psychological signs: nervousness, excitement, disorientation, insomnia, pseudodementia
d. blood manifestation: leucopenia, anemia, leukemoid change
e. digestive disorders: thirst, nausea, vomiting, constipation
2. chronic intoxication
a. gum hypertrophy
b. hypertrichosis
c. hyperglycemia

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Influence of bucolome on non-bilirubin fraction showing positive diazo-reaction (non-bilirubin fraction, dipyrril substances) was studied using heterozygous Gunn rats. Two hundred mg of bucolome per kg of rat body weight was injected intramuscularly once a day for four days.
The bile collection by the bile duct canulation was started 24 hours after the final drug loading and continued for 22 hours. The following results were obtained:
1) Amount of non-bilirubin in the rat bile increased significantly in bucolome loading group than in the control group.
2) Radioactivity in non-bilirubin fraction in the bile after bucolome and ³H-bilirubin loading was not increased significantly than in the control.
3) In bucolome loading group, bile volume increased significantly but the excreted amount of bilirubin did not increased.
According to these results, bucolome did not catabolize bilirubin directly but increased non-bilirubin fraction, dipyrril substances, in the bile.

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The effects of several drugs on the release of human growth hormone (hGH) were investigated, and the following results were obtained.
1). Single intravenous injection of insulin or drop infusion of L-arginine provocated an increase in plasma hGH in 3 out of 8 and 4 out of 6 patients with active acromegaly, respectively.
2). Single intravenous injection of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) or luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) provoked a prompt increase in plasma hGH in 7 out of 13 and 4 out of 10 patients with acromegaly, respectively, whereas no significant change in plasma hGH was observed in normal subjects.
3). Plasma hGH levels decreased significantly within 30 min after an injection of glucagon in 7 out of 10 patients with acromegaly.
4). Single oral administration of L-dopa or 2-Br-α-ergocryptine (CB-154) induced a significant fall in hGH levels in patients with acromegaly, but a significant rise in plasma hGH in normal subjects.
5). The hGH response to L-dopa was compared before and after incomplete removal of pituitary adenoma in 2 patients with active acromegaly. Before surgery L-dopa decreased the plasma hGH levels, while after surgery L-dopa caused a significant increase in plasma hGH levels in both patients. At 10 months after surgery L-dopa decreased the plasma hGH levels again in one patient despite a low basal hGH concentration.
These results suggest that the primary disorder of the acromegaly resides in the pituitary level at least in some patients with acromegaly.

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Four patients with active acromegaly were treated for 18 to 180 days with 2-Br-α-ergocryptine (CB-154), and the following results were obtained.
1). Two patients showed an improvement in glucose tolerance with short term treatment with CB-154, and other patients showed a change in their voice and a reduction in soft tissue thicking with long term treatment.
2). The effect of CB-154 on LH-RH induced hGH release was studied in 2 patients with active acromegaly. In a patient whose hGH levels were suppressed by administration of CB-154 (CB-154 responder), CB-154 completely blocked LH-RH induced hGH release, whereas in a CB-154 non-responder CB-154 did not block LH-RH induced hGH release.
3). Under CB-154 administration plasma hGH concentration fell remarkably during awake, but plasma hGH level during sleep was not suppressed in patients with active acromegaly.
These results suggest that CB-154 is a potent drug for the treatment of acromegaly and act on both superior centers, the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland.

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The lead vectors determined with Frank's system and McFee-Parungao system for dogs using canine torso model were studied.
The dog which was used for making a torso model has a body weight of 16.2kg. The dimensions of torso model were left to right of 14.0cm, front to back 19.5cm and height of 44.0cm.
The center of ventricular depolarization in the canine heart was determined by the chest X-Ray film.
Its position was 0.75cm to the left, 2.9cm to the front from the body center in the fifth intercostal space.
The artificial heart dipole was placed on the ventricular depolarization center of the torso model filled with 0.1% NaCl solution.
Electrode position on the torso surface were designated by two quantities: the level (number I through X) and the angle in the transverse plane are each equal to 100. The level are separated by 3cm. The dipole was placed at VI level.
Image Surface was oval and located on left anteriorly and slightly inferiorly from the heart center.
Normality and orthogonality of lead vectors were examined on the torso with Frank's system and McFee-Parungao system for dogs resulting the latter to be better than the former.
The effect of electrode position of transverse level was tested.
An anterioly shift of these electrods resulted in a increase in X and Z components of Lead X, whereas a posterioly shift tended to decrease this dimensions.

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This report represents an extension of our use of a Scintillation (Anger) camera with computer processing (Toshiba DAP 5000-2) of data for evaluation of mitral valve disease (11 cases).
For these studies we have administered 10 mCi of ^99mTc intravenously and have followed its passage through the heart and lung using techniques for data acquisition: a 35 mm camera, a video tape system for data storage and replay for computer analysis using a DAP 5000-2.
RI dilution curves recorded on the right ventricle, the left lung and the left ventricle were analyzed to obtain following parameters, namely interventricular peak to peak time, C₂/C₁ ratio of each dilution curves.
These data showed following:
1) Interventricular peak to peak time
normal group (12 cases): 6.40±1.18 seconds
mitral valve disease (11 cases): 11.34±3.69 seconds
2) a) C₂/C₁ ratio of the right ventricle
normal group: 0.45±0.08 seconds
mitral valve disease: 0.58±0.17 seconds
b) C₂/C₁ ratio of the left ventricle
normal group: 0.38±0.09 seconds
mitral valve disease: 0.49±0.11 seconds
c) C₂/C₁ ratio of the left lung
normal group: 0.45±0.08 seconds
mitral valve disease: 0.50±0.12 seconds

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Fluctuation of the postoperative lymphocyte blastformation rates against phytohemagglutinin (abbreviated as the blastoformation rate) were examined in gastrointestinal cancer patients administered with levamisole 150 mg/day, three consecutive days, every other week from the third day before operation comparing with the values of the control cases. In the cases of curative resection the postoperative blastformation rate of the control group decreased due to operation damage from the first to the third postoperative week and recovered at the fourth week. But, the postoperative blastformation rates of the levamisole group did not decrease, moreover, increased continuously to the fourth week. This result would induce the development of survival ratio in the gastrointestinal cancer patients with administered levamisole.

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Count ratio (C₂/C₁) technique for detection of left to right shunts by radionuclide was performed. Count ratio technique of ASD cases accurately detected shunts and could reliably separate from normals, but there were a few false positive in patients with ventricle septal defect. There was no correlation between C₂/C₁ ratio and oximetry.
Postoperatively, C₂/C₁ ratios of ASD cases were resumed to normal or close to normal but some cases of VSD were not returned to normal.

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Subarachnoid hemorrhage following rupture of aneurysm is one of the significant factors that cause communicating hydrocephalus. The present study describes the mechanisms of communicating hydrocephalus following subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Using 26 adult mongrel dogs, cisternal puncture was percutaneously made through which about 10ml of autologous whole blood was injected aseptically. Three to five weeks after the injection, animals were served for the experiments as a chronic subarachnoid hemorrhage group. Subacute subarachnoid hemorrhage group was obtained one week after the injection. Normal animals without cisternal puncture (or subarachnoid hemorrhage) were served as control. Laminectomy at the second cervical level was performed, and two silicone tubes were inserted upward into the cisterna magna (intracranial subarachnoid space) and downward into the spinal subarachnoid space. Then, extradural ligation of the spinal cord was made with silk threads at two different places to completely separate the subarachnoid space into the intracranial and the intrathecal portions. Saline solution was injected through each tube and at the same time changes in the CSF pressure were continuously recorded with transducers.
Control cases: In the intracranial space, the elevated pressure (about 2000mmH₂O) after injection of saline solution rapidly dropped to the level of 100-150mmH₂O for the period of 2-3 min. In the intrathecal the level of CSF pressure fell down abruptly after the injection, and then decreased more slowly than in the intracranial.
Acute subarachnoid hemorrhage cases: The saline solution and blood in an equal volume was injected alternately. The high CSF pressure after the injection of saline solution was sustained for the longer period, as the more volume of blood was injected. At the same number of times of blood injection, the absorption capacity of saline in the intracranial space was more easily impaired than in the intrathecal.
Subacute subarachnoid hemorrhage cases: Mildly prolonged elevation of CSF pressure was recorded after the injection of saline solution in both subarachnoid spaces. However the amplitude of pulsation in intracranial subarachnoid space and the grade of initial pressure drop in intrathecal space were almost same as that of control cases.
Chronic subarachnoid hemorrhage cases: Prolonged elevation of CSF pressure was seen after the injection of saline in each part. Moreover, in the intracranial space, the amplitude of pulsation of CSF pressure was higher than that in control cases. In the intrathecal, as compared with control cases, the height of initial drop in CSF pressure was more markedly increased. This phenomenon seems to have occurred due to reduced elasticity of meninges against the increased pressure by saline injection. And a distinct increase of amplitude of the pulse wave in the intracranial space of chronic cases seems to be one of the factors that would cause the ventricular dilatation along with the decrease in the elasticity of the meninges. Actually, ventricular dilatation was recognized in almost all chronic animals.
It may conclude that, following subarachnoid hemorrhage, the impairment of CSF absorption in not only intracranial but also intrathecal subarachnoid spaces, the decrease of the spinal dural sac elasticity and the increased amplitude of CSF pulsation seem to play an important role in producing communicating hydrocephalus.

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There are controversies over the influences of thyroid function on carciogenesis and progression of the breast cancer. To reveal the interrelation of the breast cancer and thyroid function in rats, this study was performed by employing N-nitrosobutylurea which is known for its carciogenetic action. Female Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups, namely, group with total thyroidectomy, group receiving thyroid sic (without thyroidectomy), group receiving thyroxin (without thyroidectomy), and control group. The thyroidectomy was done 14 weeks after birth and, thyroid sic and thyroxin started to be administered 14 weeks and 8 weeks after birth, respectively. Thyroid sic and thyroxin were given 0.5mg/day/rat and 10 μg/100g body weight for 5 days in a week, respectively. N-nitrosobutylurea of 6mg/day/rat was administered to the rats of all the groups for 5 days in a week from the 6th post-natal week. In patients with various breast diseases functional levels of the thyroid gland were determined by measuring triiodothyroxine (T₃), Thyroxin-binding-globulin (TBG), thyroid-stimulating-hormone (TSH) and prolactin. Blood samples were obtained in early morning and, serum samples obtained were frozen and stored. T₃, TSH and prolactin were measured by radioimmunoassay, triosorb test by resin-sponge uptake method and TBG by electrophoresis with cellulose acetate membrane. The patients studied consisted of 8 with fibroadenoma mammae, 4 with mastopathy and 52 with breast cancer.
Results obtained in the study are as follows:
1) Carciogenetic action of N-nitrosobutylurea in rats with total thyroidectomy was greater at the beginning of the administration, but long-term administration of N-nitrosobutyl reduced its carciogenetic effect.
2) There was no carciogenetic influence in NBU on rats with thyroid sic administration.
3) No carciogenetic effect was found in rats with subcutaneous administration of thyroxin.
4) TSH and PRL were higher in patients with breast cancer, particularly in earlier stage, compared with those in patients with benign breast diseases, including mastopathy and fibroadenoma mammae. However, there was no correlation of TSH and PRL levels to stages of the breast cancer.
5) PRL was elevated after radical mastectomy than that before the operation.
6) There was no significant difference in T₃, triosorb test and TBG between patients with the benign diseases and those with breast cancer.

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The appearance of sideroblasts was studied in 277 patients with various blood disorders. The appearance rate of sideroblasts was 84.1±11.8% in hypoplastic anemia and 70.7±23.7% in acute myelocytic leukemia, whereas it was 29.5±7.8% in healthy controls. The standard sideroblastogram pattern in patients with hypoplastic anemia was type II sideroblast dominance with moderate sideroblastosis. Three out of 87 cases of hypoplastic anemia showed type III sideroblast dominance with conspicuous sideroblastosis. Their hematological findings were those of atypical hypoplastic anemia. One of them terminated in acute myelocytic leukemia and could be considered hypoplastic preleukemic stage retrospectively. On the other hand, the sideroblastograms of 6 out of 41 cases of acute myelocytic leukemia showed type III sideroblast dominance. Four of them were identical with low percentage leukemia. One of these 4 cases showed ringed sideroblasts on admission and terminated in erythroleukemia at the làst stage. These results suggest that in hypoplastic anemia type III sideroblast dominance should be considered to be atypical hypoplastic anemia or hypoplastic preleukemic stage, which indicates distrurbed erythroid maturation of preleukemia.

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The appearance of sideroblasts was investigated before and after cancer chemotherapies which were carried out 65 times in 53 patients with malignant neoplasms. After treatment, 34 cases showed marked sideroblastosis with a shift to the right in their sideroblastograms (“shifted group”). The other 31 cases showed no sideroblastosis without a shift in their sideroblastograms (“non-shifted group”). The hematological data from these two groups were then studied. After chemotherapy, the shifted group showed significant decreases in erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin concentration, leukocyte counts and nucleated cell counts and a significant increase in erythroid/myeloid ratio, whereas the non-shifted group showed no significant changes. Furthermore, the incidences of serious anemia, leukopenia, decrease in nucleated cell counts and remarkable elevation in serum iron level were significantly higher in the shifted group than in the non-shifted group. These findings suggest that marked sideroblastosis is a useful indicator in the evaluation of impaired hematopoiesis due to cancer chemotherapy.

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Specific granules in atrial heart muscle cells were examined in normal and treated rats with the histochemical method and electron microscopy.
These granules were not stained with routine staining method as azan, but when eponembedded sections were stained with toluidine blue, these granules in sarcoplasm along the nucleus were stained well. With Falck-Hillarp method, atrial muscle cells did not show any fluorescence.
By the administration of 5-OHDA and 6-OHDA, false transmitters of catecholamine, the shape and the distribution of granules and the electron density of the core of granules did not change, and any fluorescence was not found with Falck-Hillarp method.
The administration of 15% alchohol per os for 20 days increased the number of granules in sarcoplasm along the nucleus slightly and after 60-100 days, these granules increased also in sarcoplasm under the cell membrane or between the myofibrils.
These results show that specific granules in atrial heart muscle cells do not contain catecholamine. The function of these granules is also discussed in respect to the result obtained with alchohol administration.

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In the field of oral surgery we apply replantation or transplantation of a tooth as one of the methods to supplement the defect of the tooth.
Using puppies experimental studies were conducted on the healing process of a developing tooth after its replantation, especially on the regeneration of blood vessels in the dental pulp and periodontium that had been once depleted of its nutrient, by morphological and three-dimensional observations after the intravenous injection of chloro-percha, as well as by roent-genological and histopathological observations. The results of the observations may briefly be summarized as follows.
1) Roentgenological findings: Up to the 10th day after replantation there could be observed a spreading of pathological abnormality in the periodontal space, but after 20 days the bone regeneration could be observed, after 30 days the lamina dura appeared, and after 90 days the findings seemed to be practically normal.
2) Regenerated blood vessels in the replanted dental pulp: Up to 20 postoperative days the regenerated blood vessels increased with many fusions and windings, but after the completion of new blood flow the number of blood vessels grew less and the blood flow also became orderly, thereafter the vessels became finer with the regeneration of bony hard tissue within the dental pulp making the pulp space more narrow.
3) There could be detected no bony adhesion or absorption as observable at the replantation of a complete tooth.
4) In the fate of replanted tooth the dental pulp and periodontium play an important role.
5) There could be recognized a certain correlation in the roentgenological findings, changes of vascular pictures, and pathohistological findings.

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The electron microscopic study of the mechanism of the implantation of the tumor cells to the peritoneum has been investigated through the rats. The experiment was made with the inoculation of Walker 256 tumor cells into their abdominal cavity.
The morphalogic change and the detouching cell contact of the mesothelium make up the phenomenon, leaving empty spaces to basement membrane. This phenomenon makes it easy that the tumor cell contact with the basement membrane.
This contacted tumor cell protrudes the pseudopods and begin subserosal invasion, with moving the intracellular organelles.
Stretching the pseudopod, the tumor cell invades the subserosal layer, and the implantation is performed.

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An autopsy of meningeal leukemia developing during hematological remission was reported. A three-year-old boy with anemia, hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy was diagnosed as having acute lymphoblastic leukemia based on hematological data. The hematological remission started about a month after the initiation of anticancerous chemotherapy with Prednisone, Vincristine and 6-Mercaptoprine. About two months after the ceasing of administration of Prednisone, symptoms such as headache and vomiting become gradually more severe. The clinical diagnosis was made as aseptic meningitis. The patient expired about two months after the onset. The autopsy revealed intense leukemic infiltration in the entire meninges and a part of the brain, but no infiltration was found in the other organs including the bone marrows, spleen, lymph nodes, liver, testis, etc., at all.

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In relation to the mechanism by which hemolysis was induced in radiated human erythrocytes in vitro, several inducements of membrane lipid peroxidation and protective effects of V. E and SOD were investigated. Results obtained were as follows:
(1) K⁺-release from erythrocytes was accelerated by radiation prior to hemolysis. These accelerated hemolysis and K⁺-release were protected remarkably by V. E and evidently by SOD.
(2) Mitochondrial Fe²⁺ induced and Fe³⁺-O₂ generating system - ADP induced lipid peroxidation, and microsomal O₂ generating system - induced lipid peroxidation were also protected by V. E and SOD.
(3) Radiation of X-ray or ⁶⁰Co γ-ray accelerated lipid peroxidation of liver homogenate, microsome and liposome. Some of these accelerated lipid peroxidations were protected effectively by V. E and SOD.
These results suggest that O₂ and/or OH·generation by radiation induces of membrane lipid peroxidation, which leads deterioration of membrane resulting in the change of ion permeability and then hemolysis.

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The standard total coli-form MPN test is widely used as a biological indicator of water pollution. But our applications of the test to various field works resulted in much higher cell numbers than be expected. The reason can be thought to be that bacteria belonging to coliform group do not always derived from human and animal feces.
In order to examine this possibility, the authors carried out the isolation and identification of bacteria which were detected by this method from various kinds of specimens. The result indicated that the bacteria designated as coli-form group included not only human- and animal-derived bacteria but also bacterial species which apparently derived from plants, soil or water, e.g. Erwinia, Aeromonas, Serratia, Citrobacter and so forth.
Therefore, a method is demanded by which one can estimate quantitatively only bacteria associated with human and animal feces.

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