Okayama Igakkai Zasshi (Journal of Okayama Medical Association)

Studies on alternative pathway in systemic lupus erythematosus-Using the chemotaxis assay-

Part 1. Fundamental studies of chemotaxis assay

Takeo YOSHINOUCHI

1980 Volume 92 Issue 5-6 Pages 545-554
Published: June 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.92.5-6_545

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

To measure the activities of classical or alternative complement pathway using the modified Boyden's chemotactic chamber (each compartment 2ml and filter, pore size 3μ), suitable conditions were examined and the following results were obtained.
1) The upper compartment of the chamber contained 4×10⁶ polymorphonuclear cells and 10% heat inactivated human serum in medium TC-199.
2) The lower compartment contained 10% fresh human serum as a complement source in medium TC-199.
3) To generate the classical complement pathway-derived chemotactic factor(s), 0.84mg of heat aggregated human Fr. II was added to the lower compartment (4.2mg/ml fresh serum).
4) To generate the alternative complement pathway-derived chemotactic factor(s), 0.2mg of zymosan was added to it (1mg/fresh serum).
5) In this assay, the chemotactic activities derived from classical or alternative complement pathway were dose-dependent upon the serum (complement) concentrations in the lower compartment.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1620K)
Studies on alternative pathway in systemic lupus erythematosus-Using the chemotaxis assay-

Part 2. Clinical studies

Takeo YOSHINOUCHI

1980 Volume 92 Issue 5-6 Pages 555-565
Published: June 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.92.5-6_555

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

The relationship between the classical complement pathway and the alternative complement pathway was studied in 30 SLE patients. The activities of both pathways were measured by chemotaxis assay, and the following results were obtained.
1) The classical pathway-derived chemotactic index (CCI) was correlated with the level of CH50, C4 and C3, but not with those of C5.
2) The alternative pathway-derived chemotactic index (ACI) was correlated with the level of CH50, but not with those of C4, C3 and C5.
3) CCI was positively correlated with ACI. Both indices were low but CCI was more depressed than ACI.
These findings suggest that the alternative complement pathway is activated mainly by the C3b positive feedback mechanism which is probably triggered via the classical complement pathway, and that the alternative complement pathway probably play a part in defence mechanism instead of reduced classical complement pathway in SLE.

View full abstract

Download PDF (415K)
Amine metabolism in the patients with tardive dyskinesia

effects of oxypertine and hydroxyzine pamoate

Takuo NAGAO

1980 Volume 92 Issue 5-6 Pages 567-573
Published: June 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.92.5-6_567

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Cerebrospinal fluid HVA, MHPG, 5HIAA, cAMP and cGMP were measured in 12 chronic schizophrenic patients with tardive dyskinesia before and after the administration of oxypertine, hydroxyzine pamoate or placebo. Lumbar puncture was performed after probenecid administration. HVA levels significantly decreased and cAMP levels significantly increased after oxypertine treatment. Three of the four patients treated with oxypertine showed improvement in tardive dyskinesia. 5HIAA levels significantly decreased during hydroxyzine administration. Two of the four patients improved in tardive dyskinesia showed decrease of HVA after hydroxyzine treatment. There were no significant alterations of amine metabolites and cyclic nucleotides in the patients with placebo. Decrease of HVA may indicate the normalization of hyperdopaminergic state. It has been recognized that oxypertine is a noradrenaline depleting agent and hydroxyzine has an antiserotonic and antihistaminic properties. Noradrenaline and/or serotonin may have an effect on dopaminergic function in the central nervous system.

View full abstract

Download PDF (330K)
Immunological studies on lupus nephritis

Part 1. Studies on complement fixing activity of antibody to native DNA

Yoshinao TARUMI

1980 Volume 92 Issue 5-6 Pages 575-585
Published: June 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.92.5-6_575

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

The complement fixing activity of antibody to native DNA (CF-n-DNA antibody) was determined in sera of 93 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by complement fluorescent technique and the following results were obtained.
1. The sera of positive CF-n-DNA antibody had significantly higher n-DNA binding and anti complementary activity, lower complement level and mixed type cryoglobulines.
2. The clinical activity of lupus nephritis was correlated with the frequency of CF-n-DNA antibody. Serial studies of 3 patients with lupus nephritis showed a close correlation between the presence of CF-n-DNA antibody and activity of renal disease.
3. The CF-n-DNA antibody was frequently found in patients who had massive deposition of immune complex along the glomerular basement membrane.
4. Sixteen sera of positive CF-n-DNA antibody were treated by DNase. No significant change in the titer of the antibody was obtained before and after DNase treatment.
These date suggest that CF-n-DNA antibody was play an important role of pathogenesis in lupus nephritis.

View full abstract

Download PDF (465K)
Immunological studies on lupus nephritis

Part 2. Studies on glomerular deposition of C₁q

Yoshinao TARUMI

1980 Volume 92 Issue 5-6 Pages 587-595
Published: June 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.92.5-6_587

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

C₁q, the first component of C₁, was isolated from normal human sera according to Thunild's method. Specific antibody to C₁q was produced in rabbits. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was labelled on the antibody. Renal tissues from 35 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were stained with FITC labelled antibody to C₁q as well as C₃, IgG, IgM and IgA. The following results were obtained.
1. Glomerular deposition of C₁q was frequently seen in patients who had massive deposition of immunoglobulins and C₃ along the glomerular basement membrane. The distribution of C₁q is similar to that of immunoglobulins and C₃.
2. Positive C₁q deposition on glomeruli was associated with low levels of serum C₁q and the presence of complement fixing antibody to native DNA.
3. Serial renal biopsy of 15 patients with SLE showed that a marked decrease of C₁q deposition was observed after steroid therapy.
These results indicate that glomerular deposition of C₁q is of importance to evaluate the clinical and immunopathological activity of lupus nephritis.

View full abstract

Download PDF (405K)
Study on early evaluation of mixed lymphocyte culture test

Taizo YAMAMOTO

1980 Volume 92 Issue 5-6 Pages 597-612
Published: June 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.92.5-6_597

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

In the clinic of renal transplantation the difference of histocompatibility matching is significant in judging the prognosis of renal transplantation. MLC test is one of the histocompatibility tests indispensable to select donor-recipient combination, but generally it takes as long as 4-6 days, and it is not easy to use as routine for the practice of urgent renal transplantation.
In this study, for the purpose of clinical application of cadaver renal transplantation on the basis of protein synthesis rate with ³H-leucine pulse label method, this method was used to conduct technical basic experiment for rapid MLC test. First in establishing the condition of culture, Eagle's MEM was used which contains no leucine in the culture, and human serum was not added. The maximum number of reacting lymphocytes in MLC test was 1×10⁶/0.2ml/well. At 24 hours after commencement of culture %SPS (stimulation of protein synthesis) became maximum, and it was decided as time of judgement. There was correlation between rapid and standard MLC tests. %SPS of 10 cases of living donor transplantation was 11.8±16.7, %SPS of 10 cases of cadaver donor transplantation 97.6±31.5, and there was a significant difference (p<0.001). About 9 cases of cadaver kidney transplantation, low HLA matching grade showed high %SPS and a tendency of bad renal function after transplantation. In the cases whose renal function was lost within 3 months after transplantation %SPS tended to be higher than in the cases whose transplanted kidney survived longer. Although there are many factors which influence the prognosis of renal transplantation, it has been suggested that at least such a combination should be selected as %SPS below 80 and HLA matching above 2 matched to maintain good renal function for a long time. From the above, this rapid MLC test has been recognized retrospectively useful to test histocompatibility matching of urgent cadaver renal transplantation.

View full abstract

Download PDF (894K)
Cardiac sympathetic nerve stimulation and electrocardiographic changes in the closed-chest dog

Shoichi HARAOKA, Hidenori YOSHIDA, Kazuo IHORIYA, Showzo KUSACHI, Osam ...

1980 Volume 92 Issue 5-6 Pages 613-627
Published: June 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.92.5-6_613

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Electrocardiographic and vectorcardiographic changes in Frank's corrected orthogonal lead system were studied stimulating electrically the right stellate ganglion (RSG), the left stellate ganglion (LSG) and both stellate ganglia (LSG+RSG) in anesthetized closed-chest dogs. The effects of propranolol on arrhythmias induced by the stimulation of the cardiac sympathetic nerve were also investigated. The following results were obtained:
(1) The amplitude of T wave increased in Y lead with simultaneous stimulation of both right and left stellate ganglia. The spatial maximum T vector was displaced inferiorly and increased in the magnitude in all cases. These electrocardiographic changes were similar to those which occurred with LSG stimulation alone.
(2) The rotation of the T loop, in the left sagital plane, was clockwise in more than 80% with RSG stimulation, while the T loop following the stimulation of LSG alone and LSG+RSG rotated counterclockwise in more than 75% of all cases.
(3) In more than 40% of cases with stimulation of left cardiac sympathetic nerves (LSG, left ventrolateral cervical cardiac nerve), arrhythmias such as A-V dissociation and A-V junctional rhythm were recognized. Stimulation of right cardiac sympathetic nerve (RSG, right recurrent cardiac nerve) markedly increased the rate of sinus rhythm in more than 90% of cases. These arrhythmias resulted from the stimulation of nerves decreased or disappeared after the intravenous injection of propranolol.

View full abstract

Download PDF (2850K)
Inverse relationship between heart rate and myocardial oxygen consumption per beat

Shoichi HARAOKA, Daiji SAITO, Kazuo IHORIYA, Haruki NAGAHANA, Akinobu ...

1980 Volume 92 Issue 5-6 Pages 629-633
Published: June 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.92.5-6_629

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Relationship between heart rate and myocardial oxygen consumption per beat was studied in anesthetized open-chest dogs. Myocardial oxygen consumption per minute (MVO₂) was calculated as the product of the left coronary artery blood flow and coronary arterio-venous oxygen difference. Myocardial oxygen consumption per beat (MVO₂-Beat) was the quotient of MVO₂ divided by heart rate (HR). HR was varied in 78-210 beats/min with left atrial pacing. Systemic arterial and left ventricular enddiastolic pressure were kept constant, and arterial blood gases were within physiological ranges. Although M_?/_O₂ correlated significantly with HR (r=0.71), MVO₂-Beat decreased in association with an increase in heart rate. Closer relationship was observed between MVO₂-Beat and HR; MVO₂-Beat (ml/100g LV muscle)=-0.00036+0.13, r=-0.86, P<0.001. As the results, MVO₂ was represented as a quadratic equation of HR; MVO₂ (ml/min/100g LV muscle)=-0.00036HR²+0.13HR. There was a good correlation (r=0.88) between MVO²-Beat and the area under a stroke left ventricular pressure curve. This finding and constant systemic arterial and left ventricular pressure suggest that the inverse relationship between MVO₂-Beat and HR is mainly due to a reduction in duration of systolic left ventricular wall tension.

View full abstract

Download PDF (227K)
Histological studies on the skin electric resistance decreased point (SERDP)

Yuzuru KURABAYASHI

1980 Volume 92 Issue 5-6 Pages 635-657
Published: June 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.92.5-6_635

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Research into the existence of SERDP has been carried out by many workers with a background in modern western medicine. However, it has not yet been possible to prove their existence and there is a great lack of accordance in the arguments presented. The results were as follows:
1) SERDP and Nerve Histology in Each of the Experimental Animal: The local anatomy of the sampling points showed white color nerves in the subcutaneous and muscle tissue. Nerve tissue was present at all SERDP. Nerve bundles were demonstrated at SERIP at the following rates: rabbit 42.9%, and dog, cat, rat and mouse 28.6%. Nerve tissue was most abundant in the subcutaneous tissue, and less so in the muscle layer. Medullated nerve tissue was predominant. Nerve bundle thickness (the following are all average value) were 11×14 μ in the dog; cat 8.9×17.0 μ, rabbit 8.6×19.4 μ, rat 8.4×16.7 μ, mouse 4.2×8.9 μ and the depth of nerve bundles from the skin surface was: dog 327 μ, cat 206.5 μ, rabbit 181.3 μ, rat 244.5 μ and mouse 138.8 μ.
2) Relationship between Blood Vessels and SERDP: It was confirmed that 35.9% have a relationship with blood vessels.
3) Relationship of Lymph Vessels to SERDP: 17.9% of SERDP had associated lymph vessels, an association only about 50% of that for blood vessels.
4) Relationship of Connective Tissue to SERDP: Tissue from SERDP and SERIP was taken and stained by the Masson Trichrome method. No specific histological changes were observed.
5) Relationship of Catecholamines to SERDP: A mild increase in catecholamine activity of the SERDP was observed when compared with SERIP.
6) Relationship of SERDP and Macroscopic Vital Staining for Nerve Tissue: Long Chinese acupuncture needles were deeply inserted, excised, and the subcutaneous tissue studied. White nerve fibers were seen to have a fairly high association with SERDP. This was confirmed with vital staining using Leucomethylen blue.
7) Relationship between SERDP and the Phenomenon of Needle Sensation (Tokki, Hibiki): Japanese and Chinese acupuncture needles were placed in SERDP and SERIP in human subject and twirled 5 times to test for the existence of needle sensation. Results were as follows: a) Japanese needles, SERDP 90.5%, SERIP 50.5% b) Chinese needles, SERDP 99.5%, SERIP 65%.
From the above, it was demonstrated that macroscopically, histologically, and physiologically, SERDP have an intimate relationship with nerve tissue.

View full abstract

Download PDF (6050K)
Changes of the cerebro-spinal fluid space elastic compliance after cardiac arrest and resuscitation in dogs (I)

Wasa UEDA

1980 Volume 92 Issue 5-6 Pages 659-665
Published: June 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.92.5-6_659

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Volume changes in the central nervous system after cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation were observed by the measurement of cerebro-spinal fluid space elastic compliance (CSFS-EC). Two catheters were placed in the lumbar subarachnoidal space, normal saline solution was injected from one catheter, constantly, and pressure changes were measured with the other.
Mongrel dogs, weighing about 10 kg, had cardiac fibrillation induced electrically and maintained for 3 minutes before resuscitation was started. CSFS-EC was measured 30 minutes, one hour, 2 hours, 4 hours and 24 hours after reestablishment of the circulation.
In the dogs resuscitated successfully in a short period of time, CSFS-EC decreased gradually and constantly. On the other hand, when the resuscitation took longer, CSFS-EC increased initially, and decreased later.
The CSFS-EC at 30 minutes had a good correlation with the time needed for resuscitation. In other words, the longer the time needed for resuscitation the higher the CSFS-EC. One hour after resuscitation, the difference of the CSFS-EC between the long and the short became satistically insignificant. Although 24 hours after resuscitation, all dogs behaved as normal, CSFS-EC were significantly lower than that of control.
Even after a short period of cardiac arrest, the recovery of the central nervous system takes longer than expected.

View full abstract

Download PDF (358K)
Changes of the cerebro-spinal fluid space elastic compliance after cardiac arrest and resuscitation in dogs (II) Effect of barbiturate therapy

Wasa UEDA

1980 Volume 92 Issue 5-6 Pages 667-674
Published: June 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.92.5-6_667

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

To corroborate barbiturate protection from cerebral anoxia after cardiopulmonary arrest, barbiturate therapy was done on 12 adult dogs. Induction of cardiac arrest, cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the measurement of the CSFS-EC, cerebro-spinal fluid space elastic compliance, were done as the same as reported in part one. Values of the arrested group of part one were used as control. Pentobarbital sodium was given intravenously after the reestablishment of the circulation. Twelve animals were devided into two groups, 7 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg of pentobarbital were given to each of 6 animals. Each group of animals were devided into two, again, regarding from the resuscitation time (short 6 minutes, long 7 minutes), S-7, S-15, L-7 and L-15 respectively.
CSFS-EC of the L-15 increased dramatically at 30 minutes and came down to the control value at one hour. The change of CSFS-EC at 30 minutes of the L-7 was not significantly different from the control. At one hour, CSFS-EC of L-15, L-7 and control were not significantly different from each other. Although CSFS-EC of the control decreased gradually for next 23 hours, L-15, L-7 stayed without significant changes. CSFS-EC of S-15 and S-7 decreased significantly 2 and 4 hours, and returned to the same value as the control group.
Barbiturate therapy exaggerate the changes of CSFS-EC and delayed the recovery of the central nervous system from the effect of whole body ischemia and it was hard to find out any reason to do barbiturate therapy after cardiac arrest.

View full abstract

Download PDF (430K)
A new non-invasive method for cardiac output measurement by combining an ultrasonic Doppler method to an ultrasonic echocardiography

Atsuo OHYA

1980 Volume 92 Issue 5-6 Pages 675-684
Published: June 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.92.5-6_675

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

It is a well-known fact that knowing cardiac output and blood flow volume in a certain region of the body is of importance not only in clinical practice but also in physiology. Furthermore, it would be ideal if they were measured, simply, non-invasively and repeatedly without torture to patients. The ultrasonic Doppler method has been believed to be suitable and modified for this purpose. However, critical shortcoming in this method is that this method lacks quantitative determination because sectional area of the vessels is unknown. This study was to develop a new non-invasive method of determining blood flow volume by combining echocardiography to Doppler method. Echocardiography is able to determine the diameter of the vessels and Doppler method simultaneously determines blood flow velocity in it. Then, blood flow volume becomes obtainable.
This study of applying Doppler and echocardiographic probes in a short interval showed a good correlation of blood flow volume obtained with this method to that obtained with electromagnetic method. It was also found that cardiac output was obtainable by measuring the blood flow volume of the common carotid artery with the method. Correlation coefficient (r) between the diameter obtained by echocardiography and that measured with a ruler was 0.99 with a regression equation of y=0.89x+0.22 (p<0.001). r between blood flow volume obtained with this method and that measured by electromagnetic probe was 0.96 with y=0.92x-0.03 (p<0.001). Estimation of cardiac output from the blood flow volume of the left common carotid artery, which was determined with this method, was accurate with r=0.90 (y=37.0x+18.9, p<0.001). With these data, it was concluded that this new method, namely, a combination of Doppler method and echocardiography, was accurate enough to clinical use to determine regional blood flow volume and it was also available to estimate cardiac output from the blood flow volume of the left common carotid artery. Moreover, this new method is measurable repeatedly without invasion and torture to patients with simple technique.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1682K)
Histochemical study of the heart conduction system

Tatsuhiko MUKUDAI

1980 Volume 92 Issue 5-6 Pages 685-701
Published: June 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.92.5-6_685

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

The distribution of acid phosphatase and succinic dehydrogenase in the specialized muscle fibers constructing the heart conduction system (sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, atrioventricular bundle and Purkinje fibers) and the ordinary heart muscle fibers of several mammals were studied histochemically with a light and electron microscopies. The activity of acid phosphatase was high in the specialized muscle fibers of dog and monkey, relatively high in these fibers of rabbit, guinea pig, rat and mouse and low in cow and pig. The activity in the ordinary heart muscle fibers was low in all mammals studied. Embryologic study of the enzyme in rat showed that equal activity was found at the late fetal stage in both heart muscle fibers and increased only in the specialized fibers 30-40 days after birth. Electron microscopic study on the distribution of the enzyme in rat's atrioventricular node showed that the reaction product was found on myofibrils and chromatin in both P cells and T cells which consisted the node. Succinic dehydrogenase activity was studied using mammals described above including cat. The activity in the specialized heart muscle fibers was negative or weakly positive throughout the developing stage of all mammals used, while its activity in the ordinary muscle fibers was already high 1-2 days after birth. From these results, the role of both enzymes in the heart conduction system was discussed.

View full abstract

Download PDF (3414K)
Detection of circulating immune complexes by the method of conglutinin solid-phase radioimmunoassay

I. Experimental study

Takahiro TAMURA

1980 Volume 92 Issue 5-6 Pages 703-711
Published: June 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.92.5-6_703

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Conglutinin solid-phase radioimmunoassay (conglutinin RIA) was utilized for detection of soluble immune complexes in sera. Crude conglutinin was obtained from whole bovine serum using Zymosan as an affinity absorbent. The further purification of crude conglutinin was performed through Sephadex G-200 and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The activity of purified conglutinin to haemagglutinate EAC3d was found to be more than 1:2048 in titer. Anti-conglutinin antisera raised in rabbit gave an identical precipitin line against bovine serum and purified conglutinin. Conglutinin RIA was performed using 2.5 μg/ml of conglutinin and 25 μl of fresh normal human serum as a source of complement. Serum samples were incubated with conglutinin coated on polystylene tubes for 1 hour at room temperature, and incubated with ¹²⁵I-labelled anti-human IgG for 4 hours at room temperature. The amounts of immune complexes measurable by this method were in the ranges of 5 to 320 μg/ml equivalent to aggregated IgG. Conglutinin RIA was applied to the detection of soluble immune complexes formed in vitro which could be detected both in antigen excess and antibody excess regions.

View full abstract

Download PDF (725K)
Detection of circulating immune complexes by the method of conglutinin solid-phase radioimmunoassay

II. Studies on conglutinin binding activity in sera from the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Takahiro TAMURA

1980 Volume 92 Issue 5-6 Pages 713-723
Published: June 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.92.5-6_713

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

The conglutinin binding activity in sera of the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was measured and following results were obtained
1. The sera from SLE, progressive systemic sclerosis, mixed connective tissue diseases and Behçet's disease patients had higher conglutinin binding activity than normal human sera.
2. The conglutinin binding activity in SLE showed good correlation with C1q or ds-DNA binding activity (p<0.1) and level of serum CH50, but had poor correlation with staining patterns of antinuclear antibody or clinical nephropathy.
3. Increased activity was found in 33% of SLE sera by the conglutinin radioimmunoassay and 84% of SLE sera by the C1q radioimmunoassay.
4. SLE patients with high conglutinin binding activity were classified into three groups. In the first groups patients has clinically active stage due to SLE, in the second groups patients had no clinical activity during more than several months, and in the third groups patients had no clinical activity due to SLE but had the other clinical manifestations, such as, liver damage.
5. The binding activity in the sera of the SLE patients who had low serum complement levels was not measured by the counglutinin radioimmunoassay.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1022K)
Clinical studies on serum IgE level

Part I. Studies on serum IgE level in patients with bronchial asthma

Nobuo UEDA

1980 Volume 92 Issue 5-6 Pages 725-737
Published: June 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.92.5-6_725

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Serum IgE level was measured by the method of radioimmunosorbent test (RIST) in 353 subjects including 183 patients with bronchial asthma. One hundred and twenty patients with other pulmonary diseases and allergic diseases, and 50 normal adults for the control. Also, the level of specific IgE antibody to house dust was measured by the method of radioallergosorbent test (RAST) in patients with bronchial asthma. In patients with bronchial asthma, the IgE level was evaluated according to the following conditions, i.e., types by Swinfold's classification, age groups, seasons, peripheral blood counts of basophils and eosinophils and effects by immunotherapy. At the same time, the changes of specific IgE antibody level during the periods of house dust desensitization therapy was evaluated. The relusts were as follows:
1) The normal value of serum IgE level was 189±156 u/ml (mean±one standard deviation) and bronchial asthma patients showed 1121±1147 u/ml, which was remarkably high. And, significantly high values were observed in patients with bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, drug allergy, diffuse interstitial pneumonitis and parasite diseases compared to normal control. In chronic bronchitis, pulmonary tuberculosis, pulmonary sarcoidosis, IgE level was about the same as control.
2) Serum IgE level was found to reduce with aging.
3) The seasonal changes of serum IgE level was not significant.
4) Serum IgE level was significantly higher in patients with atpic bronchial asthma than infectious type of bronchial asthma according to Swinfold's classification.
5) The peripheral blood counts of basophils and eosinophils did not correlate significantly with serum IgE level.
6) Serum IgE level after the long term house dust desensitization therapy did not change, but specific IgE antibody was found to be decreased in 2 out of 5 bronchial asthma patients with more than 2+RAST score.
7) In intractable asthmaticus the significant relationship was observed between the clinical improvement by the continuous low dose administration of 6-Mercaptopurine and the decrease of serum IgE level, but the corticosteroids therapy did not affect on the IgE level.

View full abstract

Download PDF (706K)
Clinical studies on serum IgE level

Part II. Studies on serum IgE level in patients with non atopic disease

Nobuo UEDA

1980 Volume 92 Issue 5-6 Pages 739-748
Published: June 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.92.5-6_739

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Serum IgE level was measured by the methods of radioimmunosorbent test (RIST) in 116 subjects including 41 patients with malignant lymphomas and 20 patients of myasthenia gravis. In Hodgkin's disease, the serum IgE level was evaluated according to the clinical stages and to the effects of chemotherapy. Also, the changes of serum IgE level was compared before and after thymectomy in myasthenia gravis patients. The results were as follows:
1) Patients with Hodgkin's disease showed remarkably high IgE levels (1726±2180 u/ml). But, serum IgE level in patients with reticulum cell sarcoma, lymphosarcoma, multiple myeloma except IgE myeloma, leukemia and lung cancer was below the normal value.
2) Most of Hodgkin's disease patients with stage III showed high IgE level.
3) Hodgkin's disease patients with mixed cellularity according to Rye's classification showed higher IgE level than other histological types.
4) IgE level in most of Hodgkin's disease patients decreased after chemotherapy. The rebound of IgE level was remarked after cessation of chemotherapy in some of the complete remission patients.
5) The background of allergic disposition was negligible in Hodgkin's disease patients with high IgE level. Most of the patients showed negative reactions of PPD skin test and low blastoid reactivity of lymphocytes by phytohemagglutinin, but the level of IgG, IgA and IgM was not significantly variable. These results suggest that the impaired regulatory functions due to T cells might be a cause of high IgE level in Hodgkin's disease.
6) In 6 cases of myasthenia gravis with proliferative thymoma, the temporary rebound phenomenon of IgE level in 2 months after thymectomy and the gradual decrease of IgE level after 18 months were characteristic. The simultaneous observations of T and B cells suggested that initial phenomenon might be due to the loss of suppressor T cell in the thymus and the second phenomenon might be due to the decrease of helper T cell in the peripheral lymphoid tissues.

View full abstract

Download PDF (526K)
Ultrastructure of phospholipid micelles from Staphylococcus aureus

Kinya OKU

1980 Volume 92 Issue 5-6 Pages 749-762
Published: June 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.92.5-6_749

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

The ultrastructure of the phospholipid micells (Phosphatidylglycerol: PG, cardiolipin: CL and lysylphosphatidylglycerol: L-PG) from S. aureus were examined by negative staining and freeze-fracture to elucidate the role of each phospholipid in staphylococcal cell membrane. The width of lipid bilayer of each phospholipid was: PG: 40A, CL: 58A and L-PG: 65A, respectively, indicating that the hydration of each lipids was different. Ca²⁺ caused the fusion of cardiolipin micell followed by hexagonal-cylindrical comformation. Ca²⁺ seemed to give “rigidity” to the cardiolipin bilayer. Mg²⁺ modified the cardiolipin lamella causing random-ripple form. Mg²⁺ gave “fluidity” to the micellar structure. PG and L-PG were less affected by Ca²⁺ or Mg²⁺. Conversion of PG to CL was enhanced when S. aureus was exposed to stress condition or when the cell lost the wall. Molar ratio of PG/CL was 5/2 in normal condition, while 2/5 under stress. This adaptational changes of the lipid composition in the membrane may well correlate with the characteristics of cardiolipin micellar structure.

View full abstract

Download PDF (3295K)
Studies on human leukemic B-cell line

Part I. Establishment and characterization of human leukemic B-cell line (BALL-1)

Kazuo NAKAMURA

1980 Volume 92 Issue 5-6 Pages 763-773
Published: June 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.92.5-6_763

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

A human B-cell line designated as BALL-1 was established from the peripheral blood of a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Neither Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nor its genome was detectable. The morphological and growth characteristics were clearly distinct from those of numerous EBV-positive lymphoblastoid cell lines previously reported. BALL-1 cells probably originated from the donor's leukemic cells judging from their cytogenetic, morphological and surface features. This BALL-1 line is the first EBV-negative B-cell line established from ALL.

View full abstract

Download PDF (2364K)
Studies on human leukemic B-cell line

Part II. Serial transplantation of human leukemic B-cell line (BALL-1) into hamsters

Kazuo NAKAMURA

1980 Volume 92 Issue 5-6 Pages 775-785
Published: June 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.92.5-6_775

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

A human leukemic B-cell line, which was designated as BALL-1, was recently established in our laboratory. In this experiment, BALL-1 cells were serially transplanted into antilymphocyte serum (ALS)-treated newborn Syrian hamsters. When 1.0-8.5×10⁷ viable cells were inoculated intraperitoneally, all of them developed invasive tumors 12-26 days after implantation. All the hamsters except one had 0.2-8.0 ml of milky ascites containing 0.9-11.0×10⁸ tumor cells/ml. Histologically, invasion of the tumor cells was observed in many abdominal organs and in subcutaneous tissue. Progression to leukemia was common (24/25), and the percentage of the tumor cells in the peripheral blood ranged between 2 and 91%. Morphological features, surface markers, and chromosome constitutions of the tumor cells were identical to those of BALL-1 cells. These findings show thast BALL-1 cells were serially transplantable into the experimental animals possessing the characteristics of human leukemic B-cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report of successful heterotransplantation of a human leukemic B-cell line. This animal model will provide a new advantage in many aspects of leukemia research.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1630K)
Renal disease and streptococcal infection

I. Anti-streptococcal C-carbohydrate antibodies in renal diseases

Makoto HIRAMATSU

1980 Volume 92 Issue 5-6 Pages 787-799
Published: June 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.92.5-6_787

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

For the purpose of studying the relationship between streptococcal infection and renal diseases, we estimated the titer of antibody to streptococcal C-carbohydrate in serum of patients with various renal diseases. The results were as follows: serum titers were less than 1:8 in normal adults, less than 1:16 in normal children, between 1:16 and 1:1024 in acute glomerulonephritis, between 1:8 and 1:1024 in anaphylactoid purpura nephritis, between 1:2 and 1:512 in chronic glomerulonephritis, between 1:4 and 1:8 in primary nephrotic syndrome, and between 1:2 and 1:16 in lupus nephritis. This results showed significant high titers in acute glomerulonephritis, anaphylactoid purpura nephritis and chronic glomerulonephritis, suggesting a close relationship between these diseases and streptococcal infection. The titers in patients with IgA-nephropathy which was included in chronic glomerulonephritis in the present study were higher than in patients with other groups of chronic glomerulonephritis. This may suggest that streptococcal infection plays an etiologic role in IgA-nephropathy.

View full abstract

Download PDF (2749K)
Renal disease and streptococcal infection

II. Study of streptococcal infection on IgA nephropathy

Makoto HIRAMATSU

1980 Volume 92 Issue 5-6 Pages 801-813
Published: June 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.92.5-6_801

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

IgA nephropathy has been recognized increasingly as a distinct clinicopathological entity. We studied 53 patients with IgA nephropathy immunologically, and clarified a certain relationship between this condition and streptococcal infection. Twenty-three of 42 patients (55%) had the preceeding upper respiratory tract infections. The mean serum concentration of IgA was 323 mg/dl, and 14 of 36 patients (39%) had greater than 350 mg/dl. Anti-streptolysin O titer was elevated in 4 of 47 patients (9%), anti-streptokinase titer in 5 of 33 patients (15%), and anti-hialuronidase titer in 4 of 35 patients (11%). We estimated the titer of antibody to C-carbohydrate derived from streptococcal cell walls which was supposed to persist longer than the antibodies to streptococcal extracellular products. The extraction of C-carbohydrate antigen, i.e. a group specific antigen of streptococcus, was carried out by a modified method of Slade. The quantitative determination of antibody by O-stearoyl C-carbohydrate-sensitized red cell hemmagglutination showed significant high titers in 43% of patients with IgA nephropathy. The results were as follows: titers in the serum of normal adults ranged below 1:16; in IgA nephropathy, between 1:2 and 1:512; in other types of chronic glomerulonephritis, between 1:2 and 1:32; and in anaphylactoid purpura nephritis, between 1:8 and 1:1024. The data above suggested a close relationship between IgA nephropathy and streptococcal infection.

View full abstract

Download PDF (2522K)
[title in Japanese]

1980 Volume 92 Issue 5-6 Pages 815-823
Published: June 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.92.5-6_815

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (423K)
[title in Japanese]

1980 Volume 92 Issue 5-6 Pages 824-832
Published: June 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.92.5-6_824

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (400K)
[title in Japanese]

1980 Volume 92 Issue 5-6 Pages 833-841
Published: June 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.92.5-6_833

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (392K)

Register with J-STAGE for free!