A one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction between lymphocytes from normal human donors and mitomycin C-treated cells from a human leukemic null-cell line (NALL-1) was investigated. Human leukemic T-cell and B-cell lines, an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-negative Japanese Burkitt's lymphoma line, and two EBV-positive normal B-cell lines were studied in parallel. Normal lymphocytes were stimulated significantly by the cultured null-and B-cells but not by the cultured T-cells. The stimulatory capacity of this null-cell line was approximately equal to that of the leukemic, lymphoma, and normal B-cell lines, and was unrelated to the presence of complement receptor, surface immunoglobulin, EBV-associated nuclear antigen, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase or the origin of the cell lines. These results suggest that not only leukemic B-cells but also leukemic null-cells have stimulatory determinants in mixed lymphocyte culture.

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The human monocyte is an important member of the host defence system, but has been little studied in vitro. In this report, I describe a reproducible and simple method for monocyte chemotaxis in man, using a Boyden chamber. Monocyte suspension was prepared by Ficoll-Hypaque gradient sedimentation. The purity of the suspension was checked with Peroxidase-Giemsa staining. Chemotaxis assay was performed using a 5 μm pore sized Millipore filter (thickness: 150 μm) and a Nuclepore filter (thickness: 13 μm). When the Millipore filter was used, migrated cells stayed in the filter, while it appeared that cells detached from the filter when the Nuclepore filter was used. In the modified Boyden method using a Millipore filter, more than 3×10⁵ monocytes had to be added to the upper room of the chamber, and the duration of 90 minutes was adequate for incubation. Zymosan activated human serum diluted 20 percent was used as the chemoattractant. To estimate chemotaxis in the Millipore filter, migrated cells in the filter were counted at 30 μm depth.

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The chemotactic responsiveness of peripheral blood monocytes was measured in 71 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma, 13 patients with sarcoidosis, 14 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 91 normal controls. The monocyte chemotactic response (MCR) was significantly depressed in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma (mean=19.6±6.6, P<0.001) as compared to normal controls (mean=33.7±7.4). On the other hand, MCR was significantly enhanced in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (mean=41.6±7.9, P<0.01). There was no significant difference from normal controls in patients with sarcoidosis (mean=27.5±8.5).
In bronchogenic carcinoma patients, depression of the MCR was observed in all clinical stages. The MCR was further depressed in patients with evidence of distant metastasis compared to those without metastasis. There was no significant correlation between the MCR and histologic types of tumors. The MCR was significantly lowered by combination chemotherapy in 21 cases who received chemotherapy, but was elevated in 5 of 6 patients who had a remission after combination chemotherapy. These data showed that monocyte function in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma was suppressed, and suggested that malignant tumors themselves might affect monocyte function.

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Between January, 1973, and December, 1980, 33 patients were assigned at random to one of three different chemotherapy regimens: 12 patients received Melphalan only (M), 11 were treated with concurrent Melphalan and Prednisolone (MP), and 10 received Ifosfamide only (I). Comparative studies as to the response rates and survival times of these individuals were conducted and the results are summarized as follows:
1. The median age at the initiation of treatment was 63 years, ranging from 37 to 83 years. The 60-69 years age group was the largest. Fifteen (45.5 per cent) were male.
2. The incidences of IgG, IgA, and B-J protein only in M-protein type were 60.6%, 18.2%, and 21.2%, respectively.
3. In all regimens, the response rates as shown by marked diminishment of plasmacytoma and decrease of bone marrow plasmacytosis below 10 per cent were high and the calcification or disappearance of bone lytic lesions was demonstrated at low percentage. The frequency of over 50% reduction of the pretreatment value of M-protein level in M+MP and I therapy was 55.2% and 20.0%.
4. An analysis of patients, according to the clinical stage reported by Durie and Salmon, demonstrated that patients in stage I+II who received M+MP had a higher response rate and longer survival than those in stage III and that there was a significant difference between the survival of the stage I+II group and stage III (p=0.02). The results indicated that M+MP therapy was more effective in stage I+II than stage III.

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This report consists of an analysis of 47 patients with multiple myeloma registered between October, 1975, and December, 1980. All of them received Prednisolone together with sequential Melphalan and Ifosfamide (MIP). Clinical studies of the response rates and prognostic factors were conducted and side effects and complications in the treatment of MIP were discussed. The results are summarized as follows:
1. The response rates to MIP therapy as shown by marked diminishment of plasmacytoma and decrease of bone marrow plasmacytosis below 10 per cent were slightly lower than in M, MP, or I therapy. In MIP therapy, the frequency of over 50% reduction of the pretreatment value of M-protein level was 59.6% and the frequency of marked improvement in symptomatic disability was 52.9%. In conclusion, MIP therapy seemed to be better overall in comparison to M, MP, and I.
2. The 50% survival time in 47 patients treated with MIP followed from the initiation of treatment was 19 months.
3. In MIP therapy, the response rate (shown by the reduction of M-protein level) was paradoxically higher in all clinical parameters in the advanced stage group than in the early and intermittent stages. This study made clear the relationship between the survival time and patients characteristics. Of clinical parameters, (1) age, (2) stage IV in the clinical staging of Durie and Salmon, (3) hypercalcemia, (4) extensive bone lytic lesions, and (5) type IV in the patho-morphological stage of Brücher correlated with progressive life span shortage.
5. Patients who responded rapidly (i.e. within 5 weeks) had a longer duration of remission and longer survival than those who responded slowly (6-16 weeks).
6. In stage III, patients who received MIP had a higher response rate and longer survival than those who received M+MP.
7. Side effects and complications reported during MIP treatment were as follows:
1. Bone marrow suppression (Granulocyte 1000/cmm in 11 cases)
2. Liver damage (GPT 200 u. in 3 cases)
3. Respiratory infection (in 10 cases)
4. Urinary infection (in 3 cases)
5. Herpes zoster (in 4 cases with IgG-peak)
6. Lung fibrosis (in 2 cases with IgG-peak)

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The effect of mono-, di-, tri- and tetra-chlorinated benzene on K⁺ release from rat liver mitochondria was determined. The following results were obtained:
1) There were differences between the isomer of dichlorobenzenes on the K⁺ release and increase in the K⁺ release was in the order of ortho>meta>para dichlorobenzenes.
2) K⁺ release increased with increase in the number of chlorine.
3) K⁺ release increased with increase in the concentration of chlorinated benzene.

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Mushroom (Shiitake) grown on wood (Kashi) was exposed to mercury vapor and the mercury uptake was measured.
With lapse of time, mushroom (Shiitake) took up metallic mercury at the plait of the cap and this increased daily. After about ten days, it reached a level of 4.5 μg/g, at which it remained constant.
Shiitake crude extract took up mercury. Catalase and peroxidase inhibitor Potassium cyanide (KCN), Sodium azide (NaN₃) and specific catalase inhibitor 3-Amino-1, 2, 4 Triazole (AT) inhibited mercury uptake respectively.
Crude Shiitake extract without hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) showed a 53% decrease with H₂O₂, and with H₂O₂ plus KCN a 47% (5mM KCN), a 60% (10mM KCN), a 65% (20mM KCN) decrease occurred with H₂O₂, in regard to the ability to take up mercury from air saturated with mercury vapor.
Shiitake crude extract with H₂O₂ plus NaN₃ inhibited mercury uptake almost completely, and with L-Ascorbic acid (VC) plus AT a 72% (5mM AT), a 89% (10mM AT), a 90% (20mM AT) decrease occurred, and with H₂O₂ plus VC plus AT a 77% (5mM AT), a 90% (10mM AT), a 90% (20mM AT) decrease occurred.
3-Amino-1, 2, 4 Triazole, a specific catalase inhibitor, inhibited catalase activity and mercury uptake. This showed that Shiitake crude extract takes up mercury from air saturated with mercury vapor by hydrogen peroxide and catalase.

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The quantitative determination of major urinary metabolites of monochlorobenzene by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was studied. Urinary p-chlorophenylmercapturic acid was assayed directly and urinary monoglucuronide and ethereal sulphate conjugates of 4-chlorocatechol were assayed as 4-chlorocatechol after being hydrolyzed. The results obtained were as follows.
1. Para-chlorophenylmercapturic acid.
a. Urinary p-chlorophenylmercapturic acid of rats given monochlorobenzene by subcutaneous injection was recognized as a separate peak on the HPLchromatogram against the other peaks in normal rat urine.
b. A linear relationship was obtained between the quantity of p-chlorophenylmercapturic acid and its peak height on HPLchromatogram up to 5ng.
2. 4-Chlorocatechol.
a. 4-Chlorocatechol in the hydrolyzate of the urine of rats given monochlorobenzene by subcutaneous injection was recognized as a separate peak on the HPLchromatogram against the other peaks of normal rat urine.
b. A linear relationship was obtained between the quantity of 4-chlorocatechol and its peak height on the HPLchromatogram up to 0.3 μg.

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A cardiovascular epidemiologic study was performed in three different areas in Okayama prefecture in 1980. The relationship between serum total and HDL-cholesterol and blood pressure, ECG findings, clinical disorders, obesity, drinking and smoking was examined in a total of 1092 subjects, with an age-range 49-79 years.
The following results were obtained:
1) Along with an elevation of blood pressure, Code 1-0 in the ECG decreased and the code for left ventricular hypertrophy (a combination of two or more subcategories of Code 3 or of Code 3 with Code 4 or 5) increased. Code 4+5 increased in parallel with the systolic blood pressure and Code 5 increased directly with the diastolic blood pressure.
2) In the group of essential hypertension and coronary arterial disorders, HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratios were significantly low, and total cholesterol and the Atherogenic Index were in high compared with the normal group.
3) Along with an increase in body weight, the HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio decreased, while total cholesterol and the Atherogenic Index increased significantly.
4) The group with a drinking habit showed high HDL-cholesterol values but HDL-cholesterol showed lower values in the group with a smoking habit.

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A body surface isopotential map was recorded in 30 cases of ASD and 3 cases of ECD with right bundle branch block in ECG, then analyzed in comparison with results obtained by cardiac catetherization and two dimensional echocardiograms.
1) In all cases of right bundle branch block, breakthrough minimum appeared later and shifted to the left compared with the normal.
2) Breakthrough minimum of ASD and ECD appeared progressively later associated with Qp/Qs ratio and left to right intracardiac shunt ratio obtained with cardiac catetherization and RVDd with echocardiogram. Breakthrough minimum of ASD and ECD moved to the left accompanied by increases in mean RV pressure, mean PA pressure and RVDd.
3) R'max voltage, the maximum positive potential in the late stage of ventricular depolarization on the right precordial area, increased and correlated well with the mean RV pressure and left to right shunt ratio increment.
4) In the case of ASD, breakthrough minimum appeared later and shifted to the left along with age.

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The uptake of metallic mercury by ferritin was studied. The results were;
1) Ferritin purchased from Sigmå Company (No. F4503, cadmium content less than 1%) after dialysis showed 3 times the mercury uptake compared with ferric ion with H₂O₂ and 10³ times compared with Fe(OH)₃ with H₂O₂. Mercury uptake by ferritin with H₂O₂ and ascorbic acid decreased 3.4 times compared with that without ascorbic acid (with H₂O₂).
2) Mercury uptake by further purified ferritin showed 0.1446 μg/umole protein with H₂O₂, 0.1133 μg/umole protein with H₂O₂ and ascorbic acid, and 0.1345 μg/umole protein without H₂O₂ and ascorbic acid.
3) Iron in ferritin has the composition (FeO.OH) 8 (FeO.OPO₃H₂). The mercury uptake of hydrous ferric oxide using Bultal (Chondroitin sulfate·iron colloid) as an iron compound showed a low value per Fe at each concentration.
4) Catalase activity of ferritin was negligible by the perborate method.

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Cortical projections of the submedial and medial ventral nuclei (the dorsal and ventral divisions of the medial ventral nucleus in a wide sense) were studied using the Nauta silver method. Localized stereotaxic lesions anywhere in these nuclei tend to cause scattered terminal degeneration in almost the whole extent of the frontal granular cortex, if the lesion is not so small. In addition, dense terminal degeneration occurs in certain region of the frontal cortex, which varies with the site of the lesion. Following lesions in the submedial nucleus, dense terminal degeneration is found largely in the medial and basal regions of the frontal cortex, while lesions in the medial ventral nucleus lead to dense degeneration mainly in the superolateral region of the frontal cortex (the prorean gyrus), including the lower bank of the presylvian sulcus. The boundary between the marked cortical projection areas of the submedial and the medial ventral nuclei may be represented by the anterior rhinal sulcus. Marked cortical projections of the submedial and medial ventral nuclei appear to be topographically organized also in an anteroposterior manner.
In all the cases studied, degenerated terminals in the affected cortex were found in all layers, except for layer 2, where only fibers of passage were found. In layer 4 and the adjacent portion of layer 3, terminal degeneration was most dense. In the superficial portion of layer 1, a fair number of terminals were seen.

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In order to measure the physical load of training of members who belong to the Judo and Basketball teams, urinary proteins before and after routine training were measured by the turbidity method (modified meulemans method) of members. The following results were obtained.
1) In members of the Basketball club, significant increase in actual urinary protein concentration was observed between noon and evening on the first day, between morning and noon, between noon and evening on the second day, between morning and noon, between morning and evening on the third day and between morning and evening on the fourth day.
Significant increase in urinary protein-concentration corrected to a urine density of 1.024 was observed between noon and evening on the first day, between morning and evening on the second day, between morning and noon, between morning and evening on the third day, and between morning and evening on the fourth day.
Significant increase a excretion per minute of urinary protein was observed between noon and evening on the first day, between morning and noon and between morning and evening on the third day.
2) In members of the Judo club, significant increase in actual urinary protein concentration was observed between noon and evening on the first day, between morning and noon, between morning and evening on the second day, and between morning and noon on the fourth day.
Significant increase in protein-concentration corrected to a urine density of 1.024 was observed between noon and evening on the first day, between morning and evening on the second day, and between morning and noon on the fourth day.
Significant increase in the excretion per minute of urinary protein was observed between noon and evening of the first day, between morning and noon on the second day, and between morning and noon on the fourth day.
3) The existence of Pre α₁AG, α₁AT, α₁X, IαI, Znα₂, β₂AC, Myogl, C₃ act., Tf, β₂III, IgA, β₂I, Alb, and IgG of serum subfractions were recognized by immunodiffusion in an antigencontained gel layer.
In particular, excretion of myoglobin was recognized. The experiments on optical density of the turbidity method of each fraction were discussed.
4) The main subjective symptoms (from questionnaires) which increased with physical loads were “Whole body getting tired”, “Legs getting tired” and “Wanting to lie down” in group I in the basketball club, and “Whole body getting tired”, “Legs getting tired”, “Feel unsteady standing”, “Becoming drowsy”, “Wanting to lie down” in group I, “Feeling stiff in the shoulders”, “Feeling thirsty” and “Tremor in limbs” in group III in the Judo club.
5) The preliminary care of fatigued members was discussed.

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