A comparative study on the effect of chlorobenzenes and chlorophenols on mitochondrial membranes was conducted. An increase in chlorine residue from both chlorobenzenes and chlorophenols caused a decrease in respiratory control index (RCI). Chlorophenols acted on biomembranes at a lower concentration than chlorobenzenes. The compounds decreased RCI by increasing state 4 respiration and decreasing state 3 respiration. As the number of chlorine atoms on chlorobenzenes increased, state 3 respiration decreased, causing a decrease in RCI. As the number of chlorine atoms on chlorophenols increased, state 4 respiration increased, causing a decreased in RCI.
The amount of potassium released from mitochondrial membranes increased with time after addition of dichlorobenzene and dichlorophenol. A logarithmic increase in potassium release vs. time was observed with dichlorobenzene, and a liner increase in potassium release was observed with dichlorophenol.

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In order to preserve the circulation of the transplanted trachea, the autologous trachea was implanted first into the sternomastoid muscle and then transplanted with the pedicle in a study using mongrel dogs. After implantation into the muscle for three weeks, the inner surface of the trachea was covered with ciliated epithelia, and regeneration of chondrocytes was observed. This proved that the circulation to the transplanted trachea was reestablished. At the time of implantation into the muscle, an appropriately sized EPTFE ringed graft was inserted into the trachea. This maneuver prevented deformation and stenosis of the trachea before and after the pedicle transplantation. After the pedicle transplantation, long-term survivors were obtained without seeing any stenosis, and the inner surface was covered with ciliated epithelia. Pedicle transplantation of the trachea, which was implanted into the cervical muscle, proved to be a good method to preserve the circulation to the transplanted trachea.

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The effect of pH changes on neuromuscular (NM) transmission, both in the presence and in the absence of muscle relaxants (MR), was investigated using phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparations of rats. The first finding of this study indicated that the primary site of action of pH changes in the absence of MR is muscle itself and not the NM junction. The second finding was that the effect of pH changes on the potency of d-Tc and vecuronium was very different from that of metocurine, pancuronium or alcuronium. The action of d-Tc and vecuronium was potentiated in acidosis and antagonized in alkalosis. In contrast, that of metocurine, pancuronium or alcuronium was antagonized in acidosis and potentiated in alkalosis. The above finding suggests that a difference exists between mono- and bisquaternary MR with regard to the response to pH changes.

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Whether or not a significant interrelation exists between patterns of the body surface isopotential map and sites of coronary obstruction and left ventricular asynergy in old myocardial infarctions was investigated. The QRS departure map (Dmap) was defined as the area of which the potentials were lower than the mean-2 SD of normal controls.
A Dmap developed on the upper area above the 5th intercostal space between the vertical lines of lead V 2 and lead V 3 in the anterior myocardial infarction, and on the lower parts of the right anterior chest and the left back in the inferior myocardial infarction. The asynergy of seg. 1 manifested by left ventriculograms corresponded to the Dmap of the upper points of the left anterior axillar line, and seg. 2 corresponded to the upper area above the 5th intercostal space between leads V 2 and V 3. The Dmaps were observed in the area of two intercostal spaces lower than usual V 2 and V 3 points between leads V 2 and V 3, and in the lower point of the left posterior axillar line corresponded to asynergy of seg. 3 and seg. 4, respectively. Asynergy of seg. 5 was represented in the leads of the lower part of the right anterior chest and the back.
In patients with left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) lesions which involved the 1st diagonal branch, the Dmap shifted significantly to the left and upper area in comparison with the Dmap of patients with a LAD obstruction distal to the branch. Patients with a LAD lesion involving the 1st diagonal branch showed a Dmap in the area at one costal space higher between the vertical lines of leads V 1 and V 2 than patients with an intact diagonal branch. The Dmap could separate the inferior infarction due to right coronary artery (RCA) obstructions from the infarction due to left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) lesions: a RCA lesion showed a Dmap on the lower part of the right anterior chest, and a LCX lesion showed a Dmap on the lower part of the left back. These data suggested that the Dmap is of use in locating myocardial and coronary artery lesions in old myocardial infarctions.

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A method to measure the activity of an enzyme catalyzing sugar chains which are abundant in O-glycosidic linkage was studied using UDP-galactosyl transferase (UDP-Gal-T) found in the gastric mucosa of rat and asialo-bovine-submaxillar-mucin (ASBSM) as a substrate. The optimum pH for the measurement was 7.5, Mn⁺⁺ was required, and about twice as much Triton X-100 was needed as when asialo-agalacto-fetuin (ASGF) was used as the substrate. The activity of UDP-Gal-T was measured simultaneously in a group of rats receiving food and a group fasted for 24 hours, using ASGF and ASBSM as substrates. With ASGF no significant difference was seen in either the glandular corpus or the pylorus, while with ASBSM, the activity decreased significantly (p<0.05) in the glandular corpus, though no significant difference was seen in the pylorus.

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In order to clarify the etiology of acute gastric mucosal lesions, we studied gastric mucosal UDP-galactosyl transferase (UDP-Gal-T) activity as a marker of the biosynthesis of gastric mucous in rats with brain injury induced by injection of α-cyanoacrylate. Twenty-four hours after the injection, 82% of the rats showed gastric mucosal redness or erosion, and output of acid and pepsin of these rats was lower than in the control rats. Serial analysis of UDP-Gal-T activity revealed that the enzyme activity of the rats with brain injury became lower 24 hours after the injection than in the control rats. Simultaneous injection of atropine sulfate inhibited the decrease in UDP-Gal-T activity. However, the decrease in the enzyme activity was not induced by restraint and water immersion of rats which is also known to induce acute gastric mucosal lesions. These results suggest that in the rat with brain injury the reduction of gastric mucous production plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the acute gastric lesion.

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Fifty-seven patients with advanced malignant lymphoma, who had failed to achieve complete remission or relapsed after conventional combination chemotherapy, were treated with a combination of adriamycin, vincristine, ifosfamide and prednisolone (AVIP). Twenty-five patients were given relatively low doses of adriamycin (0.5 mg/kg), vincristine (0.025 mg/kg), and ifosfamide (25 mg/kg) at 7-day intervals (Regimen I), and the remaining 32 patients were given relatively high doses of these drugs (1.2 mg/kg of adriamycin, 50 mg/kg of ifosfamide and 0.03 mg/kg of vincristine) at 21-day intervals (Regimen II). Among 8 patients with Hodgkin's disease, 7 (88%) achieved objective remission including 4 (50%) complete remissions, and 3 complete respondors remain disease free in a follow-up from 44 months to 89 months. The overall median survival was more than 50 months, ranging from 12 months to more than 90 months. Among 49 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 32 (65%) achieved objective remission including 15 (31%) complete remissions. The median duration of complete remission was 8 months, and 3 complete respondors remain disease free at 13, 36 and 90 months, respectively. The overall median survival was 8 months, ranging from 2 months to more than 91 months. The diffuse large cell type was the most frequent in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Among 27 patients with this histologic type, 17 (63%) had objective remission including 7 (26%) complete remissions. The median duration of complete remission and the median survival were 11 months and 8 months, respectively. There were no significant differences in the therapeutic results of Regimen I and Regimen II, although the latter showed a slightly higher response rate and longer duration of complete remission in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Reversible bone marrow toxicity was the major toxic reaction, but both regimens were well tolerated. These results indicate that a combination of AVIP is useful for treatment of malignant lymphomas refractory to conventional chemotherapy.

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One hundred and thirty-one patients with malignant lymphoma, including 84 patients without prior therapy, underwent Jamshidi needle bone marrow biopsy and bone marrow aspiration simultaneously. At the time of diagnosis, 20 (28%) of 71 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma had bone marrow involvement, and the incidence of bone marrow involvement was higher in the diffuse medium-sized cell subtype than in the diffuse large cell subtype (42% vs. 13%, p<0.05). Thirty-one patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma had stage IV disease at the time of diagnosis. Among these, 20 (65%) had the disease in bone marrow which was the most frequent site of stage IV disease. Furthermore, l (13%) of 8 patients with stage I, 3 (19%) of 16 patients with stage II and 5 (20%) of 25 patients with stage III had a change of stage as a result of positive bone marrow examination. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients with bone marrow involvement poorly responded to chemotherapy and had short survival time as compared to those without bone marrow involvement. During the course of therapy, 23 patients were found to have bone marrow involvement, and in 2 of these patients, bone marrow involvement was the only evidence of the disease. Comparison of bone marrow biopsy and simultaneously performed bone marrow aspiration showed that the biopsy more often gave a positive result than did the aspiration (84% vs. 42%). These results indicate that Jamshidi needle bone marrow biopsy is useful for accurate staging, planning therapy and evaluation of prognosis at the time of diagnosis as well as detecting the extralymphatic spread or relapse after the course of therapy in patients with malignant lymphoma.

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The purpose of the present study was to investigate experimentally the formation of ethanol in corpses and stored biological samples important in medicolegal examination, and to study the mechanism of ethanol formation.
In the tissues and bodily fluids of corpses, ethanol, n-propanol, iso-propanol, acetaldehyde, acetone and others may be formed to various degrees according to the post-mortem conditions. The criteria of post-mortem ethanol formation are 20°C and 24 hours of post-mortem time, and a significant amount of ethanol can be formed at higher temperatures and longer times. The presence of n-propanol in samples may be useful for ascertaining post-mortem ethanol formation. The amount of ethanol formed post-mortemly may be presumed to be under 20 times of the amount of n-propanol simultaneously detected.
Post-mortem ethanol formation is not increased by ante-mortem ethanol intake. Ethanol may be produced in biological samples including cadaveric blood. Fresh aseptic blood is not conducive to ethanol formation within five days.
The formation of n-propanol due to yeast in the stomach of corpses is lower than that due to bacteria in other organs and bodily fluids. The addition of antibiotics, which suppress the bacterial growth in the samples, and the addition of chemical inhibitors of ADH and ALDH contained in bacteria comletely blocked ethanol formation.
It may be considered that ADH and ALDH in the bacteria in corpses produce ethanol from carbohydrates such as glucose and pyruvic acid through the reverse pathway of ethanol metabolism in living subjects.

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Percent depth dose curves of Lineac electron beam and Dermopan soft X-ray, which are used for radiation therapy of surface tumors, were studied in 2 patients with angioblastoma (Nakagawa) who had been followed up for a long time after radiation therapy. The results are discussed with a review of the literature. Lineac electron beam therapy at low doses that do not cause remote complications appeared to be useful in the treatment of surface tumors selected after careful consideration of the indications.

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Surface T-antigen of simian virus 40-transformed human fetal brain (SV 40-HFB) cells was analysed by the indirect peroxidase-labeled antibody method at light and electron microscopic levels. SV 40-tumor-bearing hamster serum was used as anti-T serum. The specificity of the antiserum against T-antigen was confirmed by Western-blot analysis in SV 40-HFB whole cell extract. Under the light microscope, T-antigen was observed in the nuclei, except for the nucleoli, of acetone-fixed monolayer cells, but not on the cell surface. Unfixed monolayer and suspension cells did not give staining on the cell surface. When these cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) and the reaction was performed in cell suspension or monolayer, positive staining was observed on the cell surface, but not in the nuclei. Under the electron microscope, nuclear T-antigen was distributed in the nucleoplasm, especially in the area of euchromatin, on frozen-sections of PFA-fixed cells. The PFA-fixed supension cells gave specific immunoreactive products on the entire plasma membrane. These results indicate that surface T-antigen of SV 40-transformed cells may exist on the entire plasma membane as a cryptic form, suggesting a mechanism of escape from the immune response by the SV 40-tumor-bearing host.

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The effect of double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) on the removal of immunosuppressive substances present in the sera of patients with advanced cancers was examined. The inhibition assay of normal lymphocyte blastogenesis to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) revealed that the serum containing immunosuppressive substances could be separated from patient blood by the first filter and the substances could be concentrated in the residual fluid by the second filter in DFPP. To selectively remove the substances and to elevate the recovery of protein, a 3 A-10 second filter was selected according to the elimination index. DFPP using 3 A-10 was performed in 22 patients with advanced cancers. The suppressive effects of patient sera on PHA blastogenesis and on a mixed lymphocyte reaction between normal and patient lymphocytes were remarkably reduced after DFPP. Immunosuppressive substances with larger molecular weights than globulin were effectively removed by DFPP. The PPD skin-test as an index of cellular immunity in vivo improved in 62% (8/13), and performance states according to the Karnofsky's classification showed improvement in 50% (11/22) of the patients. These results suggest that the immune activity of cancer patients can recover after removal of immunosuppressive substances by means of DFPP without using a large amount of substitutional fluid.

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Immunosuppressive substances with molecular weights higher than globulin can be effectively removed by means of double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP). This paper describes the result of an experiment on the ability of microporous glass bead adsorbent (GBA) to remove immunosuppressive substances with molecular weights lower than albumin, which cannot be removed by DFPP.
Sixteen kinds of GBA were tested, each having a different surface charge and pore size. The immunosuppressive activity of serum was measured by means of lymphocyte blastogenesis to phytohemagglutinin. The serum treated with GBA of 100 Å in pore size and having a surface coated with -NH₂ showed the highest reduction of the immunosuppressive effect. The decrease in the immunosuppressive effect was observed after an incubation time of as little as 5 minutes and at a serum-absorbent ratio of 20. Regarding the adsorption of immunosuppressive acidic protein, a 43% decrease in the concentration was seen from the initial level of 931 ng/ml after incubation in vitro. This adsorbability of the GBA was also observed in an extracorporeal perfusion test. It was revealed that removal of immunosuppressive substances in the low molecular weight fraction is feasible by the use of the GBA. It is supposed that removal of immunosuppressive substances would be more effectively performed by simultaneous use of GBA and DFPP.

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