超長寿社会に向けて進みつつある日本において、目下緊要な問題は国民の健康老化の推進と"病によらざる自然死(健康老死)"に向けた生き方、養生文化の普及である。日本人の食生活、習慣には健康長寿の観点からは極めて利点が多いが、老人栄養学の立場からは検討を要する問題が多々ある。健康長寿には食のほか、身体を動かし、談笑することが重要であるが、更に重要なことは"豊かな生きがい"を持つことである。特により高次の脳の活動が関与した生きがいを持つことと、何らかの社会参加が望まれる。それには個人的努力が基本的に重要であるが、医療、看護、介護、社会福祉、行政の総てが共通の理念のもとで協力して当たる必要がある。今まで誰も経験したことのない超長寿社会に向けては新たな社会文化の創造が必要である。

抄録全体を表示

In 1984-87, the Skaevinge Municipality applied Integrated Home Care based on self-care theory and using the action research method. After 10 years (1997) the Municipal Committee, requested the Danish Institute of Health Care to undertake an impartial investigation of what effects the Skaevinge Project, had on the older population of the Municipality compared with the rest of the county and nationally. The goals were: 1) Health care was to be made available to all citizens in institutions and in their own homes. 2) Prevention and support to maintain and strengthen the citizens' own health and quality of life, were to be prioritised. The method used meant that citizens had jointly decision-making and the staff were given autonomy and competence, built on trust from the policymakers. The results derive from the perspectives of the citizen (questionaries), the staff groups (interviews) and the society at large (interviews and statistical analysis). More older people in 1997 (40.8%) assessed their own health as better in comparison with those of same age in 1985 (28.9%). The interviews seen from the staff perspective, the leadership and the politicians today, were a success due to: A long and thorough preparatory process; involvement in decision-making and the feeling of ownership and responsibility. The number of days citizens spend in hospital (67+years) fell by >30% and the municipality did not over the past 10 years experience waiting days for returning to the Health Care Centre or to get immediate home care when needed.

抄録全体を表示