Japanese Journal of Oral Biology
Print ISSN : 0385-0137
Volume 40, Issue 4
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
  • Shinji Atsumi, Noriyasu Takai, Yo Yoshida
    1998 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 213-219
    Published: August 20, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 11, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The functional role of cholecystokinin (CCK) as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in the parasympathetic salivary secretion in the rat submandibular gland was examined. A continuous infusion (20 μl/min) of CCK octapeptide (CCK-8) at 10-12-10-8M through the glandular artery caused salivary secretion in a dose-dependent manner, and the maximal secretory response was obtained at 10-10M. Atropine (cholinergic muscarinic antagonist, 1mg/kg, iv) reduced the salivary secretion induced by the infusion of 10-12-10-10M of CCK-8, but not 10-9 or 10-8M. The chorda (parasympathetic secretory nerve) was stimulated at various frequencies (0.5-60Hz) before and after the administration of the CCK-antagonist, CR1409 (10-4M). The salivary flow increased in a frequency-dependent manner, and the maximal responses were obtained at 20-40Hz with or without the CR-1409. The antagonist reduced the salivary flow at 20-60Hz, but had no effect at lower frequencies of 0.5-10Hz. The submandibular salivary flow, evoked by stimulation of the superior cervical ganglion (sympathetic secretory nerve), was not affected by the CCK-antagonist. Thus, CCK-8 may affect the submandibular acinar cells through at least two distinct pathways; in the first, CCK-8 stimulates the secretory response directly through the specific CCK receptor at the acinar cells (as a neurotransmitter). This pathway was blocked by a CCK-antagonist but not by atropine. Secondly, the effect of CCK-8 is modulated by interactions with the cholinergic receptor (as a neuromodulator). Immunohistochemical observations of CCK revealed that most nerve cell bodies within the submandibular ganglion were strongly CCK-positive and that some CCK-positive nerve fibers were distributed around acini in the gland. Both the immunohistochemical and physiological findings strongly suggested that the endogenous CCK directly and indirectly contributed to secretory regulation through parasympathetic innervation in the rat submandibular gland, with regard to the control of salivary fluid secretion.
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  • Yu Nakada, Shigemasa Hanazawa
    1998 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 220-231
    Published: August 20, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 11, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The present study examined the role of CD14 in the signal pathway for expression of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (P-LPS) -induced MCP-1, human monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, in human monocytic THP-1 cells. P-LPS, at a concentration of 1μg/ml, induced a maximum MCP-1 gene expression in the cells 3h after initiation of the LPS treatment. A marked chemotactic activity for human monocytes was detected in conditioned medium of the P-LPS-treated cells. The presence of MCP-1 protein in the conditioned medium was indicated by an immunoprecipitation assay and neutralization of the chemotactic activity with the specific antiserum for MCP-1 protein. Anti-CD14 antibody greatly inhibited both gene expression and production of MCP-1 in P-LPS-treated THP-1 cells. The P-LPS-induced MCP-1 gene expression was greatly inhibited by a potent inhibitor of tyrosine kinase, herbimycin A.A Run-on assay showed that the LPS-induced MCP-1 gene expression increased at the transcriptional level. Anti-CD14 antibody also inhibited the increased transcriptional activity of the MCP-1 gene in the LPS-induced cells. Curcumin, a specific inhibitor of transcriptional factor AP-1, strongly inhibited the LPS-induced MCP-1 gene expression. A gel mobility assay showed that P-LPS stimulated the binding of AP-1 to its DNA consensus sequence in the cells and that P-LPS stimulation of the AP-1 binding was markedly inhibited by anti-CD14 antibody and curcumin. Based on these results, we propose a signal transducing mechanism of P-LPS via CD14 in human monocytic cells.
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  • Akiko Nagai, Masanobu Matsuno, Kazutaka Kasai, Hirofumi Aboshi, Akira ...
    1998 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 232-240
    Published: August 20, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 11, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The number of lingual cusp of the lower premolars were examined and compared with Circum-Pacific populations. The frequency of one lingual cusp was 54.9% and two lingual cusps was 41.5% on the first premolar in Japan. Mongols had a frequency of 68.1% for one lingual cusp, which was the highest among the groups examined when the frequency of one lingual cusp was compared in seven populations, followed by Japan (54.9%), Kiribati (51.9%), and Yami (44.1%). The frequencies of one cusp in South-Pacific groups were low in Samoa (36.2%), Fiji (37.4%) and Australian aboriginals (33.0%). The incidence of two lingual cusps on the first premolar were low in Mongols (29.8%), but South-Pacific groups, Samoa, Fiji, and Australian aboriginals, had incidences of about 50.0%. In the second premolars, all populations had more than 70.0% frequencies of two lingual cusps. The frequencies for three lingual cusps were more than 20.0% in Fiji and Australian aboriginals which were the highest among the groups studied.
    The number of lingual cusps was more variable in the first premolar than in the second premolar. South-Pacific populations were characterized by high frequencies of lingual cusps in lower premolars.
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  • Asako Watanabe
    1998 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 241-248
    Published: August 20, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 11, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In forensic practice, the sex determination and the ABO blood group genotyping are the most fundamental methodused for personal identification.
    PCR analysis offers the advantages of greater speed and sensitivity. We previously reported the forensic value of teeth as a source of DNA for genetic analysis and demonstrated conclusively that the Chelex-based filtration procedure utilizes DNA obtained from a whole tooth section suitable for PCR amplification.
    Gender is determined by amplifying a segment of the X-Y homologous gene amelogenin. ABO genotype can be analyzed by PCR of genomic DNAs and digestion of the PCR products with restriction enzymes at different points of nucleotides can be determined.
    Tooth samples from 25 females and 15 males extracted from 40 patients living in Kanagawa prefecture were gender typed using this test. Regarding ABO genotype, results showed, 10AA and 9AO in phenotype A, 2BB and 8BO in phenotype B. There was conflict observed in individuals with phenotypes AB and O. These results suggest that sex determination and ABO blood group genotyping methods in genomic DNA extracted teeth using PCR which are rapid, sensitive and reliable methods should be useful in forensic practice.
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  • Satoshi Yamaguchi
    1998 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 249-261
    Published: August 20, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 11, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this study was to clarify the types of collagen compositions in the matrix of the midpalatal cartilage, and to demonstrate the changes following mechanical expansion by using immunohistochemistry. The obtained results were as follows:
    1. The cartilage tissue was degenerated with the matrix spontaneously splitting.
    2. Mechanical stress accelerated the ossification of the matrix compared with normal subjects.
    3. Immunostaining showed collagen type I in the central portion, predominanted type II in almost all layers and weak type X in the hypertrophic cell layer of the sutured cartilage in control subjects.
    4. Mechanical factors affected the synthesis of collagens in the matrix, i. e., an increased immunoreaction area of type X collagen, which was synchronized with suture expansion.
    These results indicate that midpalatal suture cartilage may be considered as articular or fibrous cartilage since collagen type I was recognized in the central portion of the matrix, which is not normally present in the epiphyseal growth plate. Mechanical stress altered the composition of the extracellular matrix of the cartilage, i. e., it increased collagen type X in the hypertrophic cell layer. From these results, it may be concluded that mechanical stress increased the ossification of the suture cartilage, due to the changes in collagen composition and the acceleration of hypertrophic cell proliferation.
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