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Volume 27 (1984)
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Volume 27, Issue 1
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Sachihiro OHMURA1984 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 1-27
Published: September 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: March 12, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBeak-spouted jug is a typical form discovered only in the Central Anatolia from the 2nd millenium B. C. The number of the beak-spouted jug recognized until now, is not so many.
According to the excavations which have been done until now in Anatolia, beak-spouted jug is found in Bogazköy, Alacahöyük, Kültepe, Eskiyapar, Inandik, Ferzant and Acemhöyük. These remains are located in the Central Anatolia, the area between Kizilirmak and Yesilirmak.
The form of beak-spouted jug is possible to be classified into two types, one with a short neck, and the other with a long neck. I call the former A type, while the latter B type. The common points between the two types are to have the spout similar to the beak of rapacious bird, and to have well polished surface which reminds us of metal wares. The difference between the two lies in the sites of remains, the level and the condition in which beak-spouted jug has been found.
The remains where A type has been found are Bogazköy and Kültepe. While B type has been discovered at Bogazköy, Inandik, Alacahöyük, Ferzant and Eskiyapar. A type is dated from the middle of the Assyrian colony period to the end of this period, while B type is dated from the end of the Assyrian colony to the collapse of the Hittite Empire. And some examples of A type have been found from shaft tombs in Karum, Kültepe, and B type from the temple of Büyükkale in Bogazköy and it seems to have been used as a libation. The conditions where A type and B type have been discovered tell us that beak-spouted jug seems to have been used as ceremonial objects. It is not quite clear how beak-spouted jug was used in the 2nd millenium B. C., but A type above-mentioned seems to be used for burial ceremony, while B type seems to be used for ritual ceremony, which probably has a connection with the weather god.
In any way we can recognize that the form of beak-spouted jug in the 2nd millenium B. C. is characteristic only in the Central Anatolia, and that it was used as ritual objects.View full abstractDownload PDF (1084K) -
Kosuke SHIMIZU1984 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 20-38
Published: September 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: March 12, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIrshad al-Zira'a “The Guide of Agriculture” was written by Qasim b. Yusuf Abu Nasri Harawi in 921/1515. It is supposed to have been prepared during the era of the Timurids. It is a mine of agricultural information. Its contents are as follows;
Selection of soil
Selection of time for cultivating
Cereals and manure
Grapes and vines
Vegetables
Trees and flowers
Care for trees and estimation of crops
Gardening
The sources of its information are considered as follows;
The knowledge of well experienced farmers
Greco-Islamic Science; Theory of Garenos and Plato
Books of Agriculture in Arabic and other languages
The opinion of ‘ulama’ and court officials
The most important is one from farmers. Judging from the names of varieties of grapes, wheats, barleys, and other crops, the geographical background of Irshad al-Zira'a is confirmed to be the world around Herat, namely the eastern part of Iran and the western part of Central Asia.View full abstractDownload PDF (1160K) -
Ryoichi NAIKI1984 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 39-53
Published: September 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: March 12, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn spite of some efforts made by Vollers, C. A. Nallino and Taha Husayn, the etymology of Arabic 'adab (literature) has not been explained clearly yet. This paper is to trace the origin of the word to Pahlavi aδven (ak) from two points of view, phonetical and semantic.
It will be easily accepted that Pahlavi aδven or aδvenak passed to Arabic 'adab because of their phonetic coincidence. While Pahlavi aδven (ak) suffered the phonetic change to become aiven (ak), from which Modern Persian word 'ayin appeared and this is why Arabic 'adab and Modern Persian 'ayin share the same meaning (way, manner).
As for the semantic development of Pahlavi aδven (ak), we can divide it into three stages. The first is “way, manner”, the second is “etiquette” and the third is “species, form, aspect” etc. Among these three categories of the meaning, only the last one did not pass into Arabic because it developed within the isolated scope of Zoroastrian theology in Islamic days.
The first meaning “way, manner” is common in Pahlavi literature and used in Arabic like 'adabu lharb (way of battle). The second meaning “etiquette” which is used especially in Pahlavi Andarz-books is very popular in Arabic as is widely known. At the same time the Sassanians gave much importance on the etiquette concerning holding the banquet (Cf. 'Ayin li'Ardashir). This is why Arabic verb 'adaba ('adb) means “to invite to the banquet”.View full abstractDownload PDF (1224K) -
Akira HORI, Akiyo MAEDA1984 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 54-75
Published: September 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: March 12, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe earliest sedentary cultures in the Marv Dasht plain were revealed through the excavations at Tape Djari A, B and Tall-i Mushki by the Tokyo Univ. Iraq-Iran Archaeological Expedition in 1959 and 64. The cultural assemblage of Tape Djari B has not yet been cleared and we are now checking and studying the objects.
The pottery of Djari B shows in its technic some differences from that of Mushki, especially in using thick over-coating. But the fundamental cultural contents of Djari B are common to the preceding phase and we should like to call them “Mushki-Djari complex”. This belongs to the Zagros Neolithic Cultures and is dated to the 2nd half of the 7th millennium B. C.
After a hiatus of the whole 6th millennium B. C., a new tradition came there from Susiana in the early 5th millennium B. C. This hiatus seems to show the decline of the early mixed-farming cultures in the Zagros.View full abstractDownload PDF (4315K) -
P. R. Ackroyd, Yukiya ONODERA1984 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 76-91
Published: September 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: March 12, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1447K) -
Tsutomu SAKAMOTO1984 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 92-108
Published: September 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: March 12, 2010
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Kaoru YOSHINARI1984 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 109-116
Published: September 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: March 12, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (758K) -
1984 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 120-121
Published: September 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: March 12, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (132K)
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