Imidazoline surfactants belong to the category of cationic surfactants. Cationic surfactants are often quaternary nitrogen salts and are widely used both in non aqueous systems and in applications such as textile softeners, dispersants and emulsifiers. In the class of imidazoline compounds there is a presence of a pendant group, an imidazoline head group and a hydrocarbon tail. This paper reviews the imidazoline and its salts as an emerging class of cationic surfactants. It deals with the synthesis, various properties that prove its use in laundry detergent applications like good detergency, resiliency, foaming property, softening property, rewettability, good storage stability and less irritating property. In addition the film forming and corrosion inhibition properties tend them to varied and numerous industrial applications.

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Materals extracted grom GOISHICHA with water and ethyl alcohol were administered to rats at constant dose over a specified period and examination was made as to the manner in which fatty acids in each lipid fraction of rat brain and liver were affected. Brain weight in the case of material extraction with water (W-E) was found greater compared to extraction with ethyl alcohol (EA-E) though with no statistically significant difference. Total lipid (TG) was generally less in the EA-Egroup, while compound lipids (CL), less in the W-E group. Brain fatty acids C18:1n-9 of neutral lipids (NL) were abundantly present in the W-E and EA-E groups,with statistically significant increase being noted in the EA-E group. CL in C18:2n-6 was high in the W-E and EA-E groups and NL in C20:4n-6 was higher, and noted to significantly increase in the Ea-E group. Liver weight increased in the W-E and EA-E groups. Compound lipids (CL) were present in the EA-E group. C18:3n-3 NL and CL were greater in the EA-E group, statistically significantly so in the latter. The present findings thus clearly indicate the extracts examined here to significantly brain fatty acid levels.

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In this study, an attempt has been made to synthesize esterquat by esterification of tallow fatty acids and triethanolamine (TEA) followed by quaternization with dimethyl sulfate (DMS). The optimum reaction conditions for esterification of tallow fatty acids and TEA were found to be 140°C reaction temperature and 2.6 kPa pressure. The obtained ester was subjected to quaternization with different molar ratios of DMS. The synthesized esterquats were evaluated for yield and cationic content. The results revealed that ester to DMS ratio of 1:1.50 yielded esterquat of maximum cationic content, i.e. 48.0%. The instrumental techniques, viz. FT-IR, ¹H-NMR and ¹³C-NMR verified the esterification and subsequent quaternization of the obtained ester. Further, the performance of dilutes of ‘Concentrate’ and ‘Ultra’ of above mentioned esterquat was also evaluated. The performance studies were carried out, on different fabric substrates viz., 100% cotton, 100% polyester and 65/35 cotton/polyester blend. The evaluated properties were softness, antistaticness, antiwrinkleness and rewettability. The dilutes of ‘ultra’ of esterquat showed good softness, antistaticness and antiwrinkleness but poor rewet on 100% cotton.

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The effects of dietary administration of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) on acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatic metabolism in rats were examined. The administration method involves providing the rats with 0.5% each of BHA and BHT separately added to their diets for 7 days. Based on the results of the plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities for dietary administration, BHA and BHT in the diets fully prevented APAP-induced hepatotoxicity (500 mg / kg IP). By adding BHA and BHT to feedstuffs, hepatic UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UDP-GTase) remained activated in the rats. The excreted amount of APAP-glucuronide increased and the residual APAP declined in the urine of the rats. After APAP administration in BHA or BHT pretreated rats, the excretion in plasma reached the largest amount for APAP-glucuronide at 2-4 h and APAP-sulfate at 6 h. It was clear that BHT excelled over BHA in playing the role of promoting hepatic metabolism. Data thus obtained showed the proposed different metabolisms in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity between BHA and BHT.

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It has recently been reported that 5α-androst-16-en-3-one (androstenone) is a key compound in body malodors, and that female subjects were more sensitive than male subjects to androstenone. Androstenone is generated by the metabolism of a skin-resident microorganism, Corynebacterium xerosis, and apricot kernel extract (AKE) effectively suppressed this metabolism. In this study, AKE was fractionated according to its suppressive activity on androstenone generation in C. xerosis, in order to confirm its active constituents. (R)-Prunasin and (S)-prunasin, which were nitrile compounds, were isolated and identified as the active constituents in AKE and they strongly suppressed the bacterial metabolism. Amygdaline was also isolated as an (R)- and (S)- mixture. This compound is a typical bioactive ingredient in apricot kernel and the structure has one more glucose molecule with β-1,6 bond in contrast to prunasin. However, amygdalin was not included in the active fraction and it did not have any effect on suppressing androstenone generation. Furthermore, neither prunasin nor amygdalin had any bactericidal effect. In addition, the generation of hydrogen cyanide was not detected from either of them during incubation with C. xerosis in the reaction to generate androstenone. Based on these results, we confirmed that prunasin was the active constituent in AKE suppressing the generation of androstenone. The mechanism did not depend on the inhibition of metalloprotein through the generation of hydrogen cyanide from prunasin. This suppressive effect is possibly based on the tertiary structure of prunasin and the structure may influence the metabolic components that are related to the generation of volatile steroids in skin-resident microorganisms.

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In this study, we developed novel multifunctional raw materials, polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene dimethyl ether (EPDME). EPDME is a random copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. The structure of the obtained EPDME was confirmed by Infrared (IR) absorption and NMR spectra. EPDME, which dissolves in water and oil. The compound has the following effects: [1] a high moisture-retaining effect without sticky feeling, [2] a preventing effect on dry skin, and [3] an improving effect on dry skin by daily application. It was also found that the application of EPDME in combination with glycerol resulted in a synergistic effect on the dry skin. When EPDME was formulated to lipsticks (oily bases), a high moisture-retaining effect was found. EPDME is a useful cosmetic ingredient that can give a good skin care effect in both water-based formula and oil-based formula. As the polarity of EPDME can easily be controlled, it is expected to be applicable for various cosmetics in the near future.

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