Journal of Oleo Science
Online ISSN : 1347-3352
Print ISSN : 1345-8957
ISSN-L : 1345-8957
63 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の12件中1~12を表示しています
Review
Oils and Fats
  • Slim Cherif, Fathi Aloui, Frédéric Carrière, Sami ...
    2014 年 63 巻 2 号 p. 109-114
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2014/02/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    A novel alcalophilic Staphylococcus haemolyticus strain with the lipolytic activity was used to perform enzymatic hydrolysis pretreatment of soap stock: a lipid rich solid waste from an oil refining industry. The culture liquid of the selected bacteria and an enzymatic preparation obtained by precipitation with ammonium sulphate from a filtrate of the same culture liquid were used for enzymatic pretreatment. The hydrolysis was carried with different incubation concentrations (10, 20 and 30%) of soap stock and the pretreatment efficiency was verified by running comparative biodegradability tests (crude and treated lipid waste). All pretreated assays showed higher reaction rate compared to crude lipid waste, which was confirmed by the increased levels of biogas production. The pretreatment of solutions containing 10% emulsified soap stock was optimized for 24 h hydrolysis time, enabling high-biogaz formation (800 ml). The use of enzymatic pre-treatment seemed to be a very promising alternative for treating soap stock having high fat contents.
  • Maria Nieves Franco, Teresa Galeano-Díaz, Jacinto Sánche ...
    2014 年 63 巻 2 号 p. 115-125
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2014/02/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    This article reports about the presence of some of the components of minor fraction of virgin olive oils, polyphenols and tocopherols, in several of the VOO varieties from Extremadura. The relationship between both classes of compounds and the oxidative stability of the oils is also examined. The levels of total phenols, α, β, and γ tocopherols showed significant differences (p<0.05) among the different varieties. The concentration of total phenolic compounds varied from 130 to 1203 mg/kg. The α-tocopherol was the most representative in the seven varieties (95.97 %) and ranged from (288 - 170) to (485 - 244) mg/kg in the Morisca and Carrasqueña varieties respectively. On the other hand, a positive high lineal correlation was observed between oxidative stability and studied along the maturity of the fruit and the total phenolic compounds (natural antioxidants) (r2>0.90; p<0.05), α-tocopherol (r2>0.85; p<0.05), β-tocopherol (r2>0.70; p<0.05) and total-tocopherols (r2>0.87; p<0.05), in all the olive oils obtained from the seven varieties of olive from Extremadura. It is noticeable that α-tocopherol fraction contributed equally to the oxidative stability of all the VOO whereas the largest contribution was provided by the oil phenolic fraction, as it was the case of the Carrasqueña variety.
  • Megumi Iwasa, Toshiki Iwasaki, Toshirou Ono, Mitsuo Miyazawa
    2014 年 63 巻 2 号 p. 127-135
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2014/02/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    The chemical composition of the essential oil from PINELLIA TUBER (Japanese name: Hange), the dried rhizome of Pinellia ternata, was investigated by capillary gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (MS) analyses. The oil obtained from Pinellia tuber was revealed the presence of 114 compounds, representing 90.6% of the total oil identified. This colorless oil had a spicy and woody odor. The main components of the oil were β-cubebene (8.8%), atractylon (7.8%), methyl eugenol (6.2%), and δ-cadinene (5.3%).
    Fifteen major odor-active compounds were identified in the essential oil from PINELLIA TUBER by the GC-olfactometry (GC-O) and aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA). Among these, safrole (spicy) and β-vatirenene (woody) showed the highest flavor dilution (FD) factor (128), followed by paeonol (FD = 64; woody, spicy), α-humulene (FD = 64; woody), and β-phenylnaphthalene (FD = 64; spicy).
Detergents and Interface Science
  • Taiga Tatsumi, Yoshitane Imai, Kakuhiro Kawaguchi, Naoko Miyano, Isao ...
    2014 年 63 巻 2 号 p. 137-140
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2014/02/05
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2014/01/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    We evaluated the antimicrobial activities of a cationic Gemini surfactant, trans-1,4-bis[2-(alkanoyloxy)ethyldimethylammonio]-2-butene dichloride [II-m-2(t-butene)] and its derivatives against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. The II-m-2(t-butene) compound was previously shown to have good surface activity and biodegradability. A dodecanoyloxy derivative (m = 12) of II-m-2(t-butene) showed excellent antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive Streptococcus aureus [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC): 7.8 μg/mL] and Gram-negative Escherichia coli (MIC: 31.2 μg/mL).
  • Tomohiro Imura, Tomotake Morita, Tokuma Fukuoka, Mizuyuki Ryu, Keisuke ...
    2014 年 63 巻 2 号 p. 141-147
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2014/02/05
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2014/01/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this study, spontaneous vesicle formation from the sodium salt of acidic sophorolipid (SLNa) was observed, and its potential application as a skin penetration enhancer for triterpene glycosides extracted from the fruits of Siraitia grosvenorii Swingle was then investigated. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements of the SLNa assemblies prepared by the gentle mixing of SLNa with water (1%) showed their hydrodynamic radius (Rh) to be 96.2 nm, and their structure was assigned to be vesicles by freeze-fracture electron microscopy (FF-TEM). DLS and FF-TEM also revealed that the size of the vesicles increased with an increase in the concentration of the triterpene glycosides, indicating that the triterpene glycosides were incorporated into the SLNa vesicles. The results of an in vitro skin permeation assay, after loading the SLNa vesicles on a 3D cultured skin model, showed that the amount of SLNa that penetrated though the skin model increased with time. It was also found that the amount of permeated mogroside, which is the main active component of triterpene glycosides, was significantly enhanced by the SLNa vesicle formulation. These results clearly demonstrated that spontaneously formed vesicles composed of the bolaamphiphile SLNa are useful for application as penetration enhancers for active ingredients such as mogroside V.
Biochemistry and Biotechnology
  • Yusei Kashima, Satoshi Nakaya, Mitsuo Miyazawa
    2014 年 63 巻 2 号 p. 149-158
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2014/02/05
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2014/01/17
    ジャーナル フリー
    The chemical composition of volatile oil obtained from aerial parts of Pavonia odorata were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Its aroma-active compounds were identified using gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) and aroma extraction dilution analysis (AEDA). In order to determine the relative contribution of each compound to the aroma of P. odorata, relative flavour activity (RFA) was calculated. The hydrodistillation of P. odorata afforded yellowish oil and the yield was 0.009% (w/w) with a spicy, sweet, and green odour. Eighty-five compounds were identified in the oil by GC-MS; the major constituents of the volatile oil were ageratochromene (11.95%), palmitic acid (9.95%), hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (5.96%), β-eudesmol (4.53%) and β-caryophyllene oxide (3.08%). The most characteristic aroma compounds in the volatile oil were identified for β-caryophyllene oxide (FD-factor = 128, spicy), (E)-pinocarveol (FD-factor = 64, sweet), 3-butylpyridine (FD-factor = 64, spicy), and 2-nonanone (FD-factor = 32, green) by GC-MS, GC-O and AEDA. It seems that these compounds are responsible for the spicy, sweet and green odour of the aerial parts of P. odorata. The antioxidant activity of the volatile oil was also investigated by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay using fluorescein (FL) as the fluorescent probe. The ORAC value of the oil was 594.2 ± 25.9 μM TE/g. The results indicated that the volatile oil from the aerial parts of P. odorata could be considered as a natural antioxidant effect agent.
  • Kazuki Yui, Ayane Kiyofuji, Kyoichi Osada
    2014 年 63 巻 2 号 p. 159-168
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2014/02/05
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2014/01/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    Xanthohumol is the major prenylated flavonoid of female inflorescences of the hop plant (Humulus lupulus L.) and is a hydrophobic flavonoid. We examined the effects of dietary xanthohumol-rich hop extract in obese rats that was induced by feeding a high-fat diet. Dietary xanthohumol-rich hop extract significantly lowered the body weight gain of these rats compared to rats fed a high-fat diet without the extract. The increase of body weight, liver weight, and triacylglycerol levels in the plasma and liver of the rats fed a high-fat diet was ameliorated by dietary xanthohumol-rich hop extract. Dietary xanthohumol-rich hop extract tended to reduce hepatic fatty acid synthesis through the reduction of hepatic SREBP1c mRNA expression in the rats fed a high-fat diet. The excreted of triacylglycerol into feces also was promoted by dietary xanthohumol-rich hop extract. Plasma adiponectin levels in the rats fed a high-fat diet also tended to be elevated by dietary xanthohumol-rich hop extract. Thus, xanthohumol-rich hop extract may inhibit the increase of body weight, liver weight, and triacylglycerol in the plasma and liver induced by feeding high-fat diet through the regulation of hepatic fatty acid metabolism and inhibition of intestinal fat absorption. Therefore, xanthohumol-rich hop extract may exert preventive function on the increase of body weight and tissue triacylglycerol levels by overnutrition.
  • Rupali Dhara, Rekha S. Singhal
    2014 年 63 巻 2 号 p. 169-176
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2014/02/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    Diacylglycerol (DAG)-rich sunflower oil was prepared and the optimal conditions for synthesis of DAG-rich oil by glycerolysis using biocatalyst TLIM was determined. A maximum production of 59.8% DAG was obtained after 5 h of constant reaction under vacuum (756 mm of Hg). The optimum temperature for glycerolysis was found to be 50°C, while stoichiometric molar ratio of sunflower oil:glycerol was 2:1 for this reaction. A minimum acid value of 0.48 mg of KOH.g–1 of oil was observed under these conditions. The fatty acid composition of DAG-rich oil was found to be similar to the original TAG-rich sunflower oil used in the work. The lipase catalysed glycerolysis using 1,3 specific lipase was used to promote the formation of 1,3 isoform of DAG as this isoform is known to possess anti-obesity effect. DAG content was determined by HPTLC and GCMS. The DAG-rich oil contained 59.75% DAG of which 63.34% was found as 1,3-DAG and 36.65% was 1,2-DAG/2,3-DAG.
Chemistry and Organic Synthesis
  • Noriaki Nagai, Hikaru Ono, Miho Hashino, Yoshimasa Ito, Norio Okamoto, ...
    2014 年 63 巻 2 号 p. 177-186
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2014/02/05
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2014/01/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    We prepared ophthalmic formulations containing 0.5% tranilast (TL) nanoparticles using 0.005% benzalkonium chloride (BAC), 0.5% D-mannitol, and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD), and investigated their usefulness in the ophthalmologic field by evaluating corneal toxicity and permeability. TL nanoparticles were prepared using zirconia beads and Bead Smash 12, which allowed the preparation of high quality dispersions containing 0.5% TL nanoparticles (particle size, 34 ± 20 nm, means ± S.D.). Dispersions containing TL nanoparticles are tolerated better by human corneal epithelium cells than a commercially available 0.5% TL preparation (RIZABEN® eye drops). In addition, the addition of TL nanoparticles to the dispersions does not affect the antimicrobial activity of BAC against Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739), and the corneal penetration of TL from dispersions containing TL nanoparticles was significantly higher than in the case of the commercially available 0.5% TL eye drops. It is possible that dispersions containing TL nanoparticles will show increased effectiveness against ocular inflammation, and that ocular drug delivery systems using drug nanoparticles may lead to an expansion of their usefulness for therapy in the ophthalmologic field.
  • Fumihiko Ogata, Yuko Tanaka, Naohito Kawasaki
    2014 年 63 巻 2 号 p. 187-191
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2014/02/05
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2014/01/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this study, waste edible oil was prepared by both heat and aeration treatment, and the increasing inhibitive effect of tocopherol treatment on the acid value (AV) and carbonyl value (CV) of the oil was investigated. The AV and CV of waste edible oil treated with tocopherol were 0.1–1.0% lower than those of the nontreated oil, indicating that tocopherol exerted a radical-scavenging activity. The concentration of tocopherol decreased with time, while that of the remaining 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals increased. These results suggest that the addition of tocopherol proved to be useful for preventing the deterioration of waste edible oil.
  • Issam Ahmed Mohammed, Nurul Khizrien Abd Khadir, Emad Abbas Jaffar Al- ...
    2014 年 63 巻 2 号 p. 193-200
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2014/02/05
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2014/01/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    New polyurethane (PU) nanocomposites were prepared from a dispersion of 0 - 5% montmorillonite (MMT) clay with isocyanate and soya oil polyol that was synthesized via transesterification of triglycerides to reduce petroleum dependence. FT-IR spectra indicate the presence of hydrogen bonding between nanoclay and the polymer matrix, whereas the exfoliated structure of clay layers was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Optical microscopy, mechanical and thermal analyses were done to investigate significant improvement of the nanocomposites. The results showed PU–3% nanoclay (NC) showed optimum results in mechanical properties such as tensile and flexural strength but the lowest in impact strength.
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