Purpose: The impact of bone regeneration using bone graft materials on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) remains unclear. This study was designed to histologically and biologically evaluate the influence of bone graft materials treated with a biosilane coupling agent on early bone formation and their effect on OTM.

Methods: Maxillary first molars of 4-week-old male Wistar rats were extracted, followed by alveolar bone regeneration using either carbonate apatite (Cytrans granules; Cyt) or biosilane-treated Cytrans (DI6M-Cyt). After 2 weeks, nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) closed-coil springs were applied to exert mesial traction on the second molars, inducing OTM for 14 or 28 days. Bone formation characteristics and tooth movement patterns were evaluated via micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), histological analysis (hematoxylin and eosin [H&E] and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase [TRAP] staining), and nanoindentation testing.

Results: Initial bone formation was noted in the DI6M-Cyt group relative to the untreated group, the rigidity of the newly formed bone approaching that of natural bone, thus inhibiting aberrant tooth movement following OTM. Furthermore, osteoclast activity was appropriately regulated, maintaining balanced bone remodeling.

Conclusion: These findings indicate that biosilane-treated bone graft materials enhance bone regeneration and that the newly formed bone does not impede OTM.

Purpose: To investigate the surface roughness (Ra), shear bond strength (SBS), and Vickers hardness number (VHN) of additive manufactured interim resins manufactured through different vat polymerization techniques.

Methods: Samples were divided into four groups; additive manufacturing technology (Stereolithography:S-FL; Digital light processing:D-AS; Liquid crystal display:L-PH) and subtractive manufacturing technology (Polymethylmethacrylate: MP) (n = 10). After polishing, the Ra values were measured and resin material was then applied. Following thermocycling, SBS tests and VHN tests were carried out. The obtained data were evaluated using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (a = 0.05).

Results: Significant differences were observed between the groups for SBS (P = 0.02) and VHN (P < 0.001), whereas the Ra values were not statistically significant (P = 0.148). D-AS and L-PH had higher and similar SBS (P = 1.000) while MP had statistically lower SBS. D-AS demonstrated higher VHN than all groups (P < 0.001) with the exception of S-FL (P = 0.831). MP had lower VHN than all groups (P < 0.01) other than L-PH (P = 0.143).

Conclusion: All fabrication methods had clinically acceptable SBS values, L-PH and D-AS had higher results. D-AS demonstrated superiority in terms of VHN, all groups exhibited comparable Ra values.

Purpose: Cementum is a specialized calcified tissue produced by cementoblasts, which play a key role in periodontal regeneration. Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) is an agent currently employed for treatment of periodontal disease, although its molecular action mechanism remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of EMD on cementoblast differentiation and the involvement of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells.

Methods: Primary hPDL cells were treated with EMD, and the expression of cementum-related markers was evaluated. The role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling was assessed using IWP-2, a Wnt inhibitor. A luciferase reporter assay was conducted to identify regulatory elements within the cementum protein 1 (CEMP1) promoter.

Results: EMD upregulated the expression of CEMP1 and cementum attachment protein. This effect was attenuated by IWP-2, indicating Wnt/β-catenin involvement. A T-cell factor binding site was identified within the CEMP1 promoter. EMD increased the expression of osterix and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) slightly, but decreased the levels of osteocalcin and osteopontin. No mineralization enhancement was observed based on alkaline phosphatase activity and Alizarin Red S staining

Conclusion: EMD promotes early-stage cementoblast differentiation via Wnt/β-catenin signaling but has limited effects on late-stage maturation, offering new insights into the regenerative potential of EMD for periodontal therapy.

Purpose: This study examined the association between oral health and nutritional intake among older denture wearers.

Methods: Oral health parameters were evaluated in 114 denture wearers, including the number of remaining teeth (<20 or ≥20), posterior occlusal support (Eichner classification A1-B3 or B4-C3), objective masticatory assessment (glucose concentration: <100 or ≥100 mg/dL), subjective masticatory assessment (self-reported masticatory problems), and occlusal force (<500 or ≥500 N). Nutritional intake was assessed using a brief self-administered diet history questionnaire. Differences in nutritional intake according to oral health parameters were assessed using multiple regression analysis.

Results: Fewer remaining teeth were associated with higher total fat (β = 0.207, P = 0.038) and plant fat (β = 0.242, P = 0.017) intakes, and with lower carbohydrate (β = −0.264, P = 0.026) and cereal (β = −0.320, P = 0.002) intakes. The presence of masticatory problems and absence of posterior occlusal support were associated with lower intakes of plant protein (β = −0.311, P = 0.002) and meat (β = −0.232, P = 0.022), respectively.

Conclusion: Among older denture wearers, denture design-related factors, such as the number of remaining teeth and posterior occlusal support, were associated with more nutritional intake items than oral function-related parameters.

Purpose: Maxillofacial silicone prostheses restore facial appearance, and those in the perioral region contact food that may affect their color. This study evaluated how common condiments influence the color stability of silicone elastomers.

Methods: Thirty-two non-pigmented silicone specimens were divided into four groups (n = 8) and immersed in water, ketchup, soy sauce, and vegetable sauce. A spectrophotometer measured color at baseline and after 7 and 14 days. ΔE₀₀ values were calculated using the CIEDE2000 formula, and data were analyzed statistically (α = 0.05).

Results: At 14 days, ketchup caused the greatest discoloration (ΔE₀₀ = 8.11 ± 0.21), followed by vegetable sauce (2.27 ± 0.28), soy sauce (0.78 ± 0.17), and water (0.34 ± 0.16). The differences between groups were significant (P < 0.001). Ketchup caused more discoloration than the other condiments, while soy sauce and vegetable sauce differed only at 14 days. All condiments differed from water in relation to discoloration. Color changes included darkening and yellowing with ketchup, greenish-blue tinting with soy sauce, and darkening with vegetable sauce; water caused no change in color.

Conclusion: Pigments in condiments can affect the aesthetics of maxillofacial prostheses. Patients should thus receive dietary and hygiene guidance to extend the lifespan of prostheses.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate whether the amount, chemical characteristics, and morphological patterns of intratubular biomineralization are similar under both in vivo and in vitro conditions.

Methods: Root canal treatment, which included preparation, irrigation, and obturation with gutta-percha plus a premixed hydraulic bioceramic endodontic sealer, was performed on seven teeth in seven patients. These teeth were then extracted between 6 months and 5 years later for reasons unrelated to the endodontic therapy. Seven extracted, single-rooted human teeth were also endodontically treated using the same procedure. The in vitro-treated teeth were stored in phosphate-buffered saline at room temperature for 30 days. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the amount and morphology of intratubular biomineralization in all 14 teeth. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was also performed to identify the elements present in the dentinal tubules.

Results: There was no significant difference in the measured amount of biomineralization between the two groups. However, the morphological patterns of precipitates within the dentinal tubules differed between the in vivo (granular) and in vitro (plate-like) conditions.

Conclusion: These results indicate that quantitative evaluation of the amount of biomineralization in vitro is a feasible alternative for replication of in vivo conditions.

Purpose: This study aimed to provide evidence supporting defensin-4 (DEFA4) as a potential diagnostic marker for periodontal diseases.

Methods: Proteomic analysis of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) collected from patients with gingivitis and periodontitis was performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In addition, immortalized gingival fibroblasts (IGFs) were stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (PG-LPS) and co-cultured with oral bacteria isolated from periodontitis patients.

Results: LC-MS/MS analysis of GCF from patients with periodontal disease revealed markedly elevated levels of DEFA4. The expression of DEFA4 in immortalized gingival fibroblasts (IGFs) was significantly increased following stimulation with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (PG-LPS) and co-culture with oral bacteria isolated from periodontitis patients. Furthermore, the culture supernatant of IGFs co-cultured with periodontitis-associated oral bacteria showed increased levels of GRO, GRO-α (CXCL1), IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, and angiogenin.

Conclusion: DEFA4 expression is strongly enhanced by the inflammatory environment of gingival cells influenced by oral bacteria, supporting its potential utility as a diagnostic marker for monitoring periodontal diseases.

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the effect of silicon (Si) ion implantation on the strength of zirconia bonding to resin cement.

Methods: Si ions were implanted in a sintered zirconia plate at an acceleration energy of 50 or 100 keV. The implantation dose was divided into four subgroups of 1 × 10¹³, 1 × 10¹⁴, 1 × 10¹⁵, or 1 × 10¹⁶ ions/cm². A total of nine groups were set up, including a control group. Stainless steel rods were bonded to the zirconia plates using resin cement and subjected to tensile bond strength testing. Other plates were subjected to surface roughness measurement and elemental analyses.

Results: In the tensile bond strength test, some groups exhibited significantly higher values than the control group. The surface roughness measured using a confocal laser scanning microscope showed no significant differences in any group compared with the control group. The elemental analyses showed that X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was able to detect Si ions that could not be detected by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.

Conclusion: Despite the limitations of this study, it proved possible to implant Si ions into zirconia materials. It was also suggested that the strength of zirconia bonding to resin cement could be improved by irradiation.

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a rare, potentially life-threatening mucocutaneous disorder, which is often triggered by infections such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae. This report describes a 19-year-old woman who initially presented with oral erosions and painful blisters, along with fever and cough. Oral lesions preceded skin and ocular involvement, and tests confirmed Mycoplasma-associated SJS. She responded to steroid pulse therapy but relapsed at 3 months and was then successfully treated. Oral manifestations may be early SJS indicators; thus, prompt recognition and interdisciplinary care by oral health professionals are vital for improving clinical outcomes.

Stüve-Wiedemann Syndrome is a rare genetic condition identified in a limited number of patients, transmitted in an autosomal recessive manner and characterized by neuro-myo-skeletal deformities. Affected newborns frequently do not survive beyond one year due to life-threatening complications. Dental practitioners should be aware of this syndrome and its oral and maxillofacial manifestations to ensure accurate diagnosis, prevent treatment-related complications, and achieve effective treatment planning. Today, early identification and appropriate genetic testing contribute to a marked increase in the lifespan of survivors.