The laser measurement data and building form data are processed automatically, and the flood overflow analytic model of the city part is made. An analytic model is made the triangle mesh which can express a building plane form, and an analytic calculation adopts finite elemental method. It considers how much analytic model preparation is reduced with this technique. And, the effectiveness of an analysis and an analytical model is considered by comparing a measurement value and an analytical result of the flood flood of the Fukui Prefecture Asuwa river that occurred in July, 2004.

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In electronic delivery of engineering works and construction field, the standard is settled and the base is adequately maintained by the initiation of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. But, on the actual electronic delivery, identity verification and coexisting similar data between order and ordering suppliers increase the work cost. And a special application doing document processing is introduced as means to solve these problems. But, it is not a technique for fundamentally solving the problem.
In this research, the layout of the document data made by a variety of data forms was analyzed, and structural information was made. The substantial difference between documents is extracted by analyzing meaning information using the natural language processing, and the identity is verified. In addition, document management is made efficient by presenting detailed difference information.

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Some Archive Systems of Electronically-delivered Data had been developed since the start of the electronic delivery. But so far, they had been used only as storage of the data.
The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport has developed an advanced Archive System of Electronically-delivered Data strategically in order to reuse the data effectively and diffuse the policy of CALS-EC across local governments. As the system shall be open to local governments, it has be designed so as to be customized at a low cost when they introduce it. In addition, a data exchange interface between the system and maintenance databases has been prepared for an effective reuse of the electronically delivered data. That enables the databases to be updated almost at the same time as the electronic delivery.

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Based on features on digital map, such as building contour and road polyline, we are proposing the system to generate 3-D Urban Model automatically. In this paper we propose the automatic generation system to produce 3-D water way model from a center line of water way stored and controlled by GIS. The water way that restores native habitat and its natural meander plays a important role for the revitalization of a city. The water way improvements project aims to provide stable, maintainable flood control while environmentally restoring sections of water way to their natural meanders and adding amenities and recreational opportunities along the water way. In these projects, 3-D water way model will serve as planned or proposed common image among citizen, neighborhood, designers and officials. However, in order to realize 3-D water way model, enormous time and labor have to be consumed to design bank, shore, vegetation and topographical features. In our research, we aim at creating 3-D water way model, automatically by integrating GIS and CG.

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When considering the disaster prevention plan in intermediate and mountainous area which became a problem in the Niigata Chuuets earthquake which occurred in 2004, a refuge plan bears an important role in the meaning which a human life secures.
However, it does not argue about most disaster prevention plans for intermediate and mountainous area, but reconsideration of a radical disaster prevention plan is called for until now.
In this paper, space change correspondence type systems, such as creation of a calamity scenario, and an addition and release of a prevention scenario, are proposed by developing a refuge Petri-net simulation on a background picture paying attention to the refuge plan in the intermediate and mountainous area.
Establishment of this use technology is considered paying attention to these scenario Petri-net and the availability of probe information.

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Practical inspection database of concrete bridge based on GIS has been developed. By using thed atabase, presuming method for mechanisms of concrete bridge deterioration, and evaluating method for latentd eterioration risks that is effective to improve the precision of presuming are proposed. The latent deterioration riskd ue to the construction time and environmental factors have had an influence on the bridge deterioration. In this study, as the latent deterioration risks of construction time the high economical growth period, the spot mix period, the period of the regulating for the salinity quantity and the alkaline quantity are considered. Depth of rainfall, the amount of snowfall, lowest temperature, day traffic density and the amount of sprinkling of snow melting are considered as the latent environment risk concerned with the deterioration. The correlations with the latentd eterioration risks and the deterioration mechanisms of the deteriorated bridges were investigated by the visual inspection and the details investigations.

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In this study, conducted are the fundamental examinations on the optical beacon information usage which has been being sought for in developing the ITCS (Integrated Traffic Control System). Firstly, investigated is the relationship between reliability of travel time derived from optical beacon information and the rate of vehicles carrying apparatus for communication with optical beacon. It is revealed that the mean travel time estimation error reduces rather rapidly according as the rate of vehicles equipped with communication apparatus increases in the range up to 20%. Secondly, as an estimator for travel time between signalized intersections developed are the two alternative neuro-type models, the one employing the neural network and the other adopting wavelet neuron idea both of which utilize up-link information derived from optical beacon as an input to the model. After widely executed testings of the models using data from traffic simulation done by NETSIM, it is exhibited that the wavelet model, when compared to the neural network model, works faster in learning process although the output is slightly liable to be affected by the noise included in the model inputs.

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In this research, a new digital data management methodology was developed in order to support theinspection task for structures by enabling fast and easy access to necessary information at sites by linking digital photographs, their attributes, 2D drawings in SXF format, and 3D product modesd ata by using radio frequency identification (RFID) tags.Then, its prototype system was developed and was applied to a site inspection of an actual steel girder bridge for investigating its usefulness.

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We developed Road GIS data exchange format applying SXF Ver3.0, aiming at effective use of the electronic data over the life cycle of construction products. The purpose is adding attribute data required for maintenance to the CAD data of the completion drawing at the time of road completion, and delivering data to GIS for maintenance management. The CAD data is SXF, and the version of SXF is Ver3.0 which can exchange attribute data. This development is interested as first example which uses SXF Ver3.0 in real field. Moreover, we developed the CAD plug-in software which mounted attribute set specification for implementation of an actual field experiment.

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The laser measurement to acquire the altitude data widely was put to practical use by the aircraft equipped with the laser scanner. And it came to be able to acquire three dimension data easily. As for the data acquired in the laser measurement, use in various fields is expected. This thesis analyzes the laser measurement data. And, it proposes the automatic attribute distinction method only by the laser measurement data as a proposal of the technique of the best data processing that should be used in each field. The analysis method of the proposal is applied, and the effectiveness is considered.

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We have been developing a product model and a virtual reality (VR) CAD for steel girder bridges. The previously developed model had a problem of being unable to represent elements such as flanges and webs of plate girders and being unable to define the information of connections. Further, it was impossible to select a design member by mouse clicking and it was not easy to move the viewpoint for a long distance. Therefore, in this research in order to solve these problems, the product model was modified and the VR-CAD system was improved by using Java 3D. Next, to investigate the effectiveness of the visualization of virtual reality, comparison between a 3D CAD system and VR CAD system was executed.

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A road traffic census is an investigation to understand the realities of the road traffic in Japan, and there are the general traffic density investigation and the parking investigation. Especially, the general traffic density investigation measures the traffic of the pedestrian, the bicycle, and the car every one hour on the weekday or holiday. Therefore, grasping local environment and local traffic density can be estimated the traffic for the future by executing road traffic census. Recently, with a development of information technology, the traffic density investigation can automatically be measured using the animation filmed with the video camera. In an existing research, a general and highly accurate method of detecting people is not established. Then, in this research, we try to establish it. Firstly, the area of people is specified by the background difference method and the smoothing process. Secondly, the feature of people is extracted by the labeling. Finally, the movement of people is measured from the area lap rate of the labeling. This research is applied to the crowded space like the elevator, and we aim for the development of a general and highly accurate system for measuring the flow of people.

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There are many antique maps and pictorial maps in Japan. These maps, which show the distribution of land use in those days can often give important information for studying the history of city planning, civil engineering or architecture. In particular, visualization of reconstructed the past city model or landscape, enables us to understand those days more efficiently. In these circumstances, reconstruction of the past city model from antique or pictorial maps have recently received more attention.
However, a huge amount of labor and time are required for reliable object modeling, the acquisition of geometric and attribute information for each object and the geometric correction of deformated maps.
With this motive, this paper will investigate efficient city modeling and demonstrate early 20th century Hachinohe city, located in Aomori prefecture in Japan, using 3D Computer Graphics.

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This paper presents development of system that expresses virtual bridge by virtual reality technology, and maintenance technique of the bridge education that used this system, and comparison of education effects between education that used past paper material and education that used this system. Various damages can be experienced in the time series without going to the site by using this system. To examine the effectiveness of this system, first of all the outline of the education was decided, the education was done according to this outline by using this system. Moreover, the education by past paper material was done for the comparison of the education effects. The analysis by the S-P table analysis method was done for the comparison and the verification of effect by different educational technique.

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In case of fitting geometric model of pavement rutting to the real data, the model of a high order function has the advantage of goodness offitness. However, it also has the disadvantage of versatility. In this study, we developed the pavement rutting models with quadratic function and spline function for quantification of pavement rutting characteristics on road surface. The two developed models are verified in respect of the adaptability of these shapes and the accommodation for the simulation method of the vehicle dynamics using the road profile data of the PIARC EVEN experiment in 1998. As a result, it is indicated that the spline function is applicable for representing pavement rutting characteristics.

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The objective of this study is to develop the simulation system of spreading urban fire in an earthquake using Petri-net. A house is modeled by the 4 places and 12 transitions. The integral number which corresponds to the spreading time inside the house is allocated to each input arc. In order to represent the catching fire from next door, another transitions are prepared between the places which belong to the different houses. The integral number which corresponds to the spreading time of inter-house is allocated to the arc. It is demonstrated by numerical experiments that the simulation system can be applied to the case of fire which occurs simultaneously in many places.

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In this paper, authors proposed a systematic method of traffic impact assessment using integrated database system. Integrated database system is composed of Web-GIS, traffic flow simulator, and database system. This system solves two problems in data collection. One is difficulty to data collect and the other is to secure data reliability. Using this system, the traffic impact assessment based on traffic flow simulator can reflect the reality in the region. In addition, the visually representation of traffic flow simulator and GIS helps citizens to understand the potential traffic impact.

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The method of automated detection of collapsed wooden house areas from vertical aerial photographs taken just after the 1995 Kobe earthquake was examined. Areas with house damage were defined by color indices and edge information. a* and b* values in CIE L*a*b* colorimetric system were used as color indices and fractal dimension and gray scale fractal dimension were used as edge indices. First, fractal and gray scale fractal dimensions of each image element (512×512pixels) were calculated. Then common elements of the two groups of ten elements with relatively high dimensions respectively were selected. Next, elements which satisfied the conditions that the ratio of road areas was less than 70% and the ratio of collapsed house areas was 10% or more were extracted from the common elements. The extracted areas corresponded well with the results of visual inspection.

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Computation system of unsteady flow in open channel network with implicit method was established with Object Oriented Programming in Java language. The system has some objects;“River Channel Object” calculates the unsteady flow, “River Node Object” represents the boundary condition (upstream end, confluence, and so on), and “River Object” contains these two kinds of objects.“River Object” can also contain another “River Object”, that is, the open channel network can have recursive structure. This means high re-usability of objects, which was created formerly. Navigating the recursive structure, the system computes the “River Channel” flow and operates some output routines. The program code is easy to understand and reuse, then, effective programming of open channel network was enabled

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In this study, we propose a simulation model for chlorine-ion diffusion using cellular automaton (CA), where mobile-water and immobile-water are postulated to exist in soil. Simulation results obtained from this proposed model are compared with those of observation by column experiment to verify the applicability of the model for soil pollution phenomena. The model could be reproduced tailig phenomena in breakthrough curves, and estimated distribution of immobile water in the soil column. It is shown that the complexity phenomena such as diffusion of soil pollution can be simulated simply and precisely by CA model more simply than numerical analysis.

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Setting of appropriate initial values is necessary to obtain the design alternatives which satisfy the restrictions for the structure design. When a set of initial values is improper, it is necessary to repeat calculation many times. On the other hand, the bridge that has high reliability is requested and the design become complicated. Now, it is difficult for an inexperienced engineer to carry out this work. In this research, an approach is proposed for supporting of efficient initial values' setting in the RC pier design by using SOM and GA.

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In aging society, transportation infrastructure should be more accessible and safe for all people to encourage a participation to a society. However, an existing method and its support system for designing a barrier-free environment considering a street network structure is insufficient today. This paper presents a planning support system for designing a barrier-free street network in the central part of Morioka city. It is integrated by a geographic information system that consists of a database, a calculation program and a visual interface. The database contains the data of obstacles distributed over the street network. The data are collected from a field survey based on the guideline for barrier-free road improvement published in 2003. A route between an origin and a destination is restricted for a pedestrian because of the obstacles. The system gives us a route and its travel time for evaluating an achievement level of a barrier-free on the street network.

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As for the action investigations of the city planning and the transport planning, etc. at the plan stage, there were a lot of investigations by the questionnaire form of the paper base that centered on the persontrip investigation now. In these methods, problems of the load increase and the cost increase, etc. to accuracy and a character and an immediate object person existed. On the other hand, the progress of positional specific technologies such as the pedestrian navigations and GPS (Global Positioning System) by the cellular phone and PHS is remarkable because of a rapid improvement of information and the communication technology in recent years. The purpose of this research is considered the possibility such as the specification of securing and the transportation of accuracy in various places of those who act by the movement in the city from a variety of investigation results by using those positional specific technologies and exists in the examination of the feasibility. As a result, in mobile telecommunications information on which the cellular phone and PHS depend though there is a limit on accuracy. And it turned out that accuracy was able to improve by using GPS and D-GPS together. In addition, it is the one to search for the possibility to the evaluation of the best arrangement of facilities in the city through the analysis of the acquisition data.

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In this paper, a bridge management system application, which supports the bridge managers to design the optimal rehabilitation/maintenance (R&M) policies, is presented, whereby the system provides the managers with the technical information for the optimal R&D plans as well as managerial accounting information for asset valuation of the bridges every fiscal year. The system installs an estimation module to estimate Markov transition probabilities based upon the observation data set by inspection and the simulation module of deterioration/rehabilitation processes of the bridge systems as a whole to evaluate the life-cycle costs of the R&M policies. The system presented in the paper is applied to the bridge systems managed by Himeji Office of Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, and the applicability of the systems is tested against the real world data.

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In this paper, the coordination and registration system of road occupancy permission was developed for reducing the work process and cost. The system is internet registration system of road occupancy permission, and is developed by public and private cooperation. The spatial data is standardized for using in common with public and private. The three functions are developed (1) XML database for exchanging and sharing the characteristic information smoothly, (2) online storage for exchanging large spatial data and drawings, (3) WebGIS for editing and referring the location data. The system is applied to actual operation, and examined the effectiveness.

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This research proposes a model of basic design information for more correct, flexible and compact representation of road structures. Using basic design information based on this model, we can not only improve the efficiency of design works of road and the construction management, but decrease mistakes and achieve higher level of quality assurance. The basic design information can also allow using of the coordinate data developed in design phase effectively for the construction works. In addition, coordinate data can be exchanged, together with the definition of coordinate reference system. It makes possible to exchange complex design information between CAD systems and the surveying equipments. To use the data in surveying equipments, the model can make the data size small.

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With the development of information technology, the next generation of CALS/EC is expected to improve the whole construction process. In order to implement this new CALS/EC, observational construction that aims at optimization of the construction process by using the information technology is necessary.
In this paper, firstly, about progress control of working form of asphalt paving work, the technical standard value and the needs of the site are analyzed, and the subject and problem are summarized. Based on them, a new method of progress control of working form using IT apparatus is proposed from a viewpoint of observational construction. Moreover, the verified experiment was made by suggested method. Its affectivity is considered.

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For better evaluation of hazardous area affected by the slope failures as well as landslides, the web-based Slope Stability Evaluation model (SSE-web) has been constructed. In the SSE-web, the relationship between the “past slope failures” and the “causal factors (i.e., satellite remote sensing data, geographical information)” are constructed. The SSE-web consists of the following systems; i) Pre-processing system, ii) Analysis system, iii) Post-processing system, and iv) Information providing and management system. The functions for making the causal factors belong to the pre-processing system. Through the analysis system, the factor analysis could be carried out on the slope stability evaluation. The post-processing system supports the editorial works on the slopestability evaluation maps as well as the analysis results. Furthermore, the post-processing system assumes a role to provide and manage those data sets. The system designs on the SSE-web might be a good guide for constructing the related system of spatial-data integration and analysis under the internet-environment.

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A service for providing spatial information is recently increasing. This service is easily used by a personal computer or a mobile phone. It is important that a digital map has a lot of attributes on the spatial service. However, making attributes of digital maps requires a great deal of time and money. Therefore, it is difficult to define attributes of spatial data and to produce these values. The purpose of this research is to develop a system that can automatically produce and update attributes of the digital map by searching on Web pages. Moreover, a function for searching spatial information with a keyword of natural language is implemented.

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In this paper, a Pavement Management Accounting System application (in brief, PMAS application) is presented to control the life cycle costs of road pavement. The aim of the PMAS application is to provide the decision makers with the planning information regarding repair strategies and the accounting information on the asset values for the efficient asset management of road pavement. By comparing alternative accounting schemes, the authors conclude that the maintenance accounting is the best accounting scheme for the efficient asset management of road pavement. The PMAS for the asset management is constructed by applying the maintenance accounting scheme. The validity of the PMAS presented in this paper is investigated through case studies conducted for Mie Prefecture in Japan.

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Recently, CALS/EC is rapidly being promoted with the development of information technology. CALS/EC aims at an increase in efficiency of business by carrying out information exchange, cooperation, sharing, and reuse for digital results in the process of the life cycle of investigation, planning, design, construction, and maintenance management in public works. In CALS/EC, attention is being focused on utilization of 3D information for CAD or GIS. In order to promote CALS/EC in the future, it is very important to utilize 3D information. The purpose of this present research is to undertake reference investigation about practical utilization of 3D information in the construction industry. Moreover, the present condition of practical utilization of 3D information in the construction industry was analyzed.

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The objective of this study is to propose a new method to simulate the granular flow with Cellular Automata (CA). First, it is demonstrated through the preparatory numerical experiment that Moore's neighborhood is reasonable as a basic rule to realize the effect of gravity. However, the rule in which only the effect of gravity is taken intoconsideration is not satisfactory. Then, the effect of friction between the grains and between the grain and wall is combined into the rule. Rice grains are used in the experiment of granular flow. The results of experiment of granular flow are compared with the simulation by the method proposed in this study.

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Collaborative and intelligent construction means production system that rationalizes construction by applying information technology to utilize a great variety of information. This paper presents pre-survey, framework of representation being possible to utilize data, general framework of processing data and managing information to assess construction profile, and development of prototype of construction information management system, which are included in study on framework of construction profile to support the collaborative and intelligent construction system.

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