THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS PAPER IS TO INVESTIGATE THE LOW-COST HOUSING SYSTEM WITH PRIVATE-SECTOR INVOLVEMENT IN MALAYSIA AND EVALUATE IT ACCORDINGLY. THE CONCLUSIONS DRAWN ARE THAT RATHER THAN PROVIDING INCENTIVES FOR PRIVATE-SECTOR INVOLVEMENT, DEREGULATION OF LAND DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS AND DISPOSAL OF PUBLIC LANDS, IMPROVEMENTS BY WAY OF INTRODUCING MORE TYPES OF LOW-COST HOUSING ( IN TERMS OF SIZE, DESIGN, LOCATIONS, ETC. TO SUIT THE RANGE OF METROPOLITAN LIFE-STYLES ) AND ENSURING THE FLEXIBIITY OF THE LOW-COST HOUSING PRICING SYSTEM IN RESPONSE TO THIS VARIETY OF DEMANDS ARE MORE EFFECTIVE IN ASSURING PROFITABILITY FOR THE PRIVATE DEVELOPER.

IN CHINA, A RECENT URBAN HOUSING MAY BE CONSTRUCTED AND SOLD AS A COMMODITY TO BE USED BY BOTH INDIVIDUALS AND ORGANIZATIONS INSTEAD OF BEING UNCONDITIONALLY FINANCED AND ALLOTTED BY A GOVERNMENT. THIS HOUSING COMMERCIALIZATION SEEKS TO RAISE FUNDS FROM PRIVATE CITIZENS TO ALLEVIATE THE HOUSING STORAGE. THIS PAPER ANALYZED HOUSING COMMERCIALIZATION AND HOW TO REFORM A URBAN HOUSING SUPPLY SYSTEM WHICH COMPOSED OF PUBLIC HOUSING AND PRIVATELY AIDED PUBIC HOUSING UNDER OPERATED BY A GOVERNMENT .

THE CITY OF KYOTO HAS DEVELOPED WITHIN A BASIN. SO WE CAN SEE MOUNTAINS EASTWARD, NORTHWARD, AND WESTWARD THROUGH A SERIES OF TRADITIONAL WOODEN HOUSES. THIS KIND OF TOWNSCAPE WHICH CHARACTERIZE DOWNTOWN KYOTO HAS AMUSED THE CITIZENS IN THEIR DAILY LIFE. IT IS FOUND THAT WE CAN GET VIEWS OF MOUNTAINS AT A SOLID ANGLE OF 0.5 TO 3.0 UNITS FROM ORDINARY POINTS IN DOWNTOWN KYOTO. ( 1 UNIT IS DEFINED AS A SOLID ANGLE FORMED BY VERTICAL 1° AND HORIZONTAL 1°.) VIEWS OF MOUNTAINS, PARTICULARLY FROM SMALL STREETS , ARE INTERRUPTED BY TALL BUILDINGS RECENTLY CONSTRUCTED.

THIS STUDY DEALS WITH THE GREENERY OF MOUNTAINS EXISTING ON THE PERIPHERY OF THE STREETS OF MANY LOCAL CITIES AND AIMS AT CLARIFYING LANDSCAPE FACTORS WHICH DEFINE THE VISION OF MOUNTAINS' GREENERY AND OBTAINING BASIC KNOWLEDGE FOR GREENERY LANDSCAPE PLANNING BASED ON THE GREENERY OF THE MOUNTAINS. AS AN EXAMPLE FOR THE STUDY, ASHIKAGA CITY KNOWN AS “SYO KYOTO” WAS SELECTED. AS A RESULT OF THE ANALYSIS, IT IS MADE CLEAR AS THE ACTUAL CONDITIONS OF A MOUNTAIN LANDSCAPE THAT MANY PEOPLE VIEW MOUNTAINS FROM A SMALL DISTANCE WITHIN 2 KM AND WITH A LOW ANGLE OF ELEVATION NOT MORE THAN 10 . MOREOVER, A SIGNIFICANT CORRELATION IS RECONIZED BETWEEN THE RATIO OF GREENERY IN THE FIELD OF VISION OF MOUNTAINS AND ANGLES OF EREVATION.

THE URBAN RIVERS WHICH FRAME THE CITY ARE THE MOST IMPORTANT ELEMENTS IN THE TOWNSCAPE. ESPECIALLY, THE URBAN RIVERS WITH MOUNTAIN AS EYESTOP HAVE A SIGNIFICANT MEANING TO THE JAPANESE FOR THE TOPOGRAPHICAL DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF JAPAN. IN THIS PAPER, WE DISCUSS THE VIEW OF URBAN RIVER WITH BUILDINGS IN FRONT OF THE MOUNTAIN AS EYESTOP FROM THE BRIDGE ACROSS THE RIVER. WE SHOW THE BASIC INFORMATION OF THE HIGHT OF BUILDINGS WHICH HAVE BAD EFFECTS ON A VIEW OF URBAN RIVER WITH MOUNTAIN AS EYESTOP THROUGH THE CASE STUDY.

THE PURPOSE OF THIS PAPER IS TO ESTABLISH THE TOURISM DESIGN ITEMS FOR THE REGION WHERE TOURISM IS LEADING OR MOST DYNAMIC SECTOR OF THE ECONOMY, AND WHERE THE INDEPENDENT DEVELOPMENT IS AIMED. OUR INTERST IS PARTICULARY FOCUSED ON SMALL VILLAGE CONTEXTS (OGIMACHI, SIRAKAWA VILLAGE, GIFU PREF.) WHERE TOURISM HAS FAR REACHING IMPACTS ON ALL FASETS OF LIFE: ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENT.

THIS STUDY EXAMINES BEHAVIORAL IMPLICATIONS OF BUILDING SETBACKS AND STREET-FRONT STEPS, ANALYZING PEDESTRIAN FLOW LINES AS “PULLED” OR “PUSHED” BY THESE URBAN FEATURES. PEDESTRIAN FLOWS WERE VIDEOTAPED IN KOKUSAIDORI STREET, CITY OF OKINAWA, AND TRACED FOR QUANTITATIVE COMPARISONS ACROSS DIFFERENT SET-BACK PLANS. A SET OF GUIDELINES ARE PROPOSED FOR THE PLANNING AND DESIGN OF SEMI-PUBLIC OPEN SPACES SETBACKS CREATE IN FRONT OF COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS.

IN A LOCAL CITY, VISIBLE AREA OF A PARTICULAR LANDMARK IS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR FOR URBAN DESIGN. NOW, IT IS PROBLEM THAT VISIBLE AREA OF A LANDMARK IS DECREASED BY URBAN DVELOPMENT SUCH AS CONSTRUCTIONS OF TALL BUILDINGS. THIS STUDY INTENDS TO DEVELOPE PLANNING AND AS WELL AS BUILDING CONTROL METHODS FOR TOWNSCAPE DESIGN. FROM THIS POINT OF VIEW , THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY IS TO EVALUATE 'VISIBLE AREA' AND 'NON-VISIBLE AREA' OF A LANDMARK. WE ATTEMPT TO MAKE A MODEL ESTIMATING OF INFLUENCE OF MANY BUILDINGS IN VISIBLE AREA. IN ADDITION TO, THIS ARTICLE PROPOSED TO THE VISUAL ANALYSIS METHOD OF USING 3 - DIMENSIONAL COMPUTER GRAPHICS.

THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY IS TO MAKE CLEAR THE JAPANESE TRADITIONAL APPRECIATION OF NIGHTSCAPES, BY ANALYZING THE JAPANESE RICH VOCABULARY AND THE “UKIYOE” PICTURES OF NIGHT. WE ANALYZED 4,900 WORDS AND 60 PICTURES CONCERNED WITH NIGHT AND NIGHTSCAPE ELEMENTS. THE RESULTS ARE AS FOLLOWS ; (1) JAPANESE PEOPLE HAVE AN EXCELLENT SENSIBILITY OF NATURAL LIGHTS AND ITS BRIGHTNESS, AND HAVE ITS RICH VOCABULARY. (2) WE FOUND 11 WAYS OF LIGHT USE IN JAPANESE TRADITIONAL NIGHT EVENTS. (3) WE FOUND 4 PROTOTYPES OF NIGHTSCAPE COMPOSITION, MOON AND WATERFRONT, MOON AND PINE TREES, FIRE EVENTS AND A CROWD ON WATERSIDE AND THE SURFACE, CHERRY BLOSSOM AND A GREAT CROWD IN NIGHTTIME.

KEEPING BUILDINGS LIT AT NIGHT HAS BEEN VERY POPULAR IN JAPANESE CITIES RECENTLY. WHILE THE LIGHTING OF SOME BUILDINGS AT NIGHT PROVES TO BE VERY ATTRACTIVE, THE LIGHTING OF OTHERS DOSE NOT PRODUCE ANY POSITIVE EFFECTS. IT SEEMS THAT WE HAVE ENCOUNTERED SOME PROBLEMS REGARDING THE SYSTEM OF LIGHTING. UNTIL NOW WE HAVE ONLY CARED ABOUT THE WAY OF LIGHTING, BUT IT IS NOW NECESSARY TO CONCIDER THE SYSTEM OF LIGHTING FROM THE STANDPOINT OF URBAN STRUCTURE, FOR EXAMPLE, ADJACENT LAND USE, OPEN SPACE, ROAD SYSTEMS, VISTAS. THIS STUDY SHOWS THE QUALITY OF LIGHTING SYSTEMS IN EUROPE, POINTS OUT SOME OF THE PROBLEMS OF LIGHTING SYSTEMS IN JAPAN, AND MAKES SOME SUGGESTIONS FOR THEIR SOLUTION. WE GAVE BOTH QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSES OF THOES SPECIMENS IN EUROPE. FINALLY, WE EXAMINED SEVERAL SPECIMENS FROM YOKOHAMA.

THIS PAPER DEALS WITH THE STRUCTURE OF URBAN NIGHTSCAPE, MAINLY FOCUSING ON LONG DISTANCE VIEW, BOTH IN PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS. AT FIRST, THE CHARACTERISTICS OF NIGHTSCAPES IS ANALYSED IN PHYSICAL ASPECT, AND SIGNIFICANT SCALES FOR NIGHTSCAPE COGNIZANCE ARE IDENTIFIED AND DETAILED AS SEVEN COMPOSITION SCALES AND FIVE QUALITATIVE SCALES. FACTOR ANALYSIS IS SUBSEQUENTLY CONDUCTED TO CLARIFY THE STRUCTURE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL IMAGES OF NIGHTSCAPES, BASED ON SD SURVEY DATA, FROM WHICH THREE SIGNIFICANT FACTORS ARE DERIVED TO EXPLAIN NIGHTSCAPES. RELATION IS ANALYSED LASTLY BETWEEN PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS, ATTRACTIVENESS EXTENT AND PHYSICAL SCALES, THROUGH REGRESSION ANALYSIS AND QUANTITATIVE THEORY ANALYSIS.

THE PURPOSE OF THIS PAPER IS CLARIFY THE CHARACTERISTICS OF WATERFRONT LANDSCAPE IN MONOCHROME PAINTINGS. AS A RESULT, FOUR POINTS AS FOLLOW ARE MADE CLEAR. 1) WE FIND SIX TYPES OF ARCHITECTURES AT WATERFRONT IN THESE PAINTINGS. 2) FOUR TYPES OF THESE ARCHITECTURES ARE USED TO ENJOY WATERFRONT LANDSCAPE AND ARE LOCATED ON WATER OR NEAR WATERFRONT. 3) BIGGER ARCHITECTURES ARE SITUATED AT FARTHER PLACES FROM WATERFRONT. 4) WE FIND FOUR TYPES OF WATERFRONT LANDSCAPE IN THESE LANDSCAPES.

IN JAPAN, EVERY SCHOOL HAS ITS OWN SCHOOL SONGS. SUCH A SONG HAS A COMMON STYLE WHICH CELEBRATES ITS HOMETOWN'S HISTORY AND NATURAL FEATURES AS WELL AS ITS EDUCATIONAL SPIRIT. BECAUSE OF THIS CONVENTIONAL PATTERN, A LANDSCAPE REPRESENTED IN A SCHOOL SONG IS SUPPOSED TO REFLECT A LANDSCAPE IMAGE SHARED BY THE LOCAL RESIDENTS. THIS STUDY PICKS UP LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS CELEBRATED IN ALL SCHOOL SONGS IN THREE CITIES -TSU, YOKKAICHI AND MATSUSAKA WHICH LIE ON THE ISE COASTAL AREA OF THE MIE PREFECTURE. THEN IT ANALYZES FREQUENCIES AND DISTRIBUTIONS OF THESE ELEMENTS AND EXPLAINS LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE REPRESENTED IN THOSE SCHOOL SONGS.

THE AIM OF THIS STUDY IS TO MAKE CLEAR SYMBOLIC STRUCTURE OF JAPANIZE SETTLEMENTS, THROUGH REVIEW OF FOLKLORE AND GEOGRAPHY. AS A RESULTS, (1) TERRITORY OF A SETTLEMENT IS A CONCENTRIC CIRCLE ZONE. (2) HIERACHY OF TERRITORIAL GROUP AND SEMI-LATTICE OF NEIGHBOURHOOD GROUP CONSTRUCT NODAL REGION IN A SETTLEMENT. (3) ORIENTATION WAS RECOGNIZED WITH SOME FOLK VALUE IN A SETTLEMENT. (4) THERE ARE ORDINARY LIFE POINT, SACRED POINT, AND DEFILEMENT POINT IN A SETTLEMENT.

MENTAL SCENERY IS AN ESSENTIAL ELEMENT IN THE URBAN SPACE PLANNING. IT IS FORMED BY TWO FCTORS ; THE FIRST IS PHYSICAL (THE FORMS SUCH AS THE SCALE OF THE ROADS AND THE BUILDINGS), THE SECOND IS PSYCHOLOGICAL (THE MEANING SUCH AS THE USE-VALUE AND FUNCTION OF THE PLACES AND THE BUILDINGS). ESPECIALLY IN THIS PAPER, PAYING ATTENTION TO THE LATTER, THE PLACES AND DIRECTIONS OF MENTAL SCENERY IN NAGANO CITY CENTRAL DISTRICT WERE GRASPED.

UNTIL TODAY, THE PROBLEM OF VIEWING EFFECT OF LIGHT AND SHADOW IN CITYSCAPE HAS NOT YET APPEARED AS A HOT TOPICS IN DISCUSSING URBAN DESIGN. IN THIS PAPER WE TRIED TO EVALUATE THE SHADOW SPACE IN THE EUROPEAN CITYSCAPE TO GIVE NEW DESIGN VOCABULARIES TO URBAN DESIGN WORKS. THESE SUBJECTS ARE STUDIED BY THE PSYCOLOGICAL EXPERIMENT USING RATING SCALE AND FREE ASSOCIATION METHOD. SHADOW SPACE CAN BE CLASSIFIED INTO FOUR TYPES WHICH INDUCE PEOPLE TO MEDITATE, TO REST, TO APPRECIATE AND TO ACT.

BEFORE WORLD WAR II THERE WERE MANY BRIDGE DESIGN PROJECTS AND WRITINGS WHICH COULD BE HIGHLY VALUED FROM THE VIEW POINT OF BRIDGE AESTHETICS AND URBAN DESIGN. THIS PAPER AIMS TO IDENTIFY THEM WITH TRENDS IN BRIDGE DESIGN THOUGHT, FOCUSING ON THE MAIN BRIDGE ENGINEERS AND OTHER AUTHORS. IN THE 1910'S, URBAN DESIGN ASPECTS OF BAROQUE STYLE HAD CARRIED GREAT WEIGHT WITH STREET BRIDGE DESIGN. THE RECONSTRUCTION WORK AFTER THE KANTO GREAT EARTHQUAKE IS CONSIDERED TO BE A SOURCE FOR TRENDS IN BRIDGE AESTHETICS. IN THE 1920'S AND 30'S ARCHITECTS, BRIDGE ENGINEERS AND LANDSCAPERS PARTICIPATED IN THE AESTHETIC DEBATE, AND ESTABLISHED THREE STREAMS; FORM ORIENTED, STRUCTURE ORIENTED AND LANDSCAPE ORIENTED. THE AESTHETIC IDEAS OF MODERNISM IN STRUCTURE EMERGED AS SIMPLICITY OR POLISH AMONG BRIDGE ENGINEERS, TOGETHER WITH ADVANCES IN STRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY BOTH INSIDE AND OUTSIDE JAPAN. THESE INFLUENCES ARE SIGNIFICANT IN THINKING OF THE PRESENT RATHER CONFUSED TRENDS OF BRIDGE DESIGN IN URBAN AREAS.

IN THIS PAPER, WE FIRST ANALYZE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TIDAL WAVE CONTROL EMBANKMENTS AND THE ENLARGEMENT OF AN URBAN AREA BY USING THE DATA OF URBAN BLOCKS OF TARO TOWN, 1933-1989. WE THEN DISCUSS THE ENLANRGEMENT OF AN URBAN AREA WITH THE CONSCIOUSNESS OF THE INHABITANTS WHICH LIVE IN EACH URBAN BLOCK. THROUGH THIS CASE STUDY WE WILL OBTAIN BASIC INFORMATION FOR AN ANTIDISASTER TOWN PLAN TO THE TIDAL WAVE PROBLEM.

THIS PAPER RELATES TO EVALUATION METHOD FOR THE PROBABILITY WHERE A BURNING BUILDING DOES NOT BURN OTHER BUILDINGS (SELF-EXTINGUISHED-PROBABILITY). THE DOMINANT FACTORS OF THE PROBABILITY ARE AS FOLLOWS: (1) PROBABILITY WHERE A BURNING BUILDING CATCHES FIRE FROM A NEIGHBORING BURNING BUILDING. (2)DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO BUILDINGS. (3)NUMBER OF BUILD-INGS WHICH ARE ADJACENT TO A BURNING BUILDING. A CASE STUDY IS EXECUTED THROUGH THIS METHOD. AND IMPORTANCE OF THIS INDEX IS INDICATED FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF THE ESTIMATION OF DISASTER OF POST-EARTHQUAKE URBAN FIRE.

FIRES OCCURED IN THE CITY OF SAN FRANCISCO BY THE 1989 LOMA PRIETA EARTHQUAKE HAVE BEEN DOCUMENTED. THE PROCESS OF BIG FIRE OCCURED IN MARINA DISTRICT HAS BEEN TRACED IN DETAIL. THE HISTORY OF MARINA DISTRICT HAS BEEN SURVEYED AND THE FACT IT HAD BEEN BASIN AND WAS FILLED IN 1912 FOR THE SITE OF PANAMA-PACIFIC INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION OF 1915 COULD WELL EXPLAIN THE CAUSE AND THE NATURE OF ITS BUILLDING DAMAGE. THE SAN FRANCISCO'S AUXILIARY WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR FIRE PROTECTION WHICH WAS CONSTRUCTED IN 1912 AND DID NOT WORK AT THIS EARTHQUAKE HAS BEEN INTRODUCED TO REVALUATE ITS MAGNI-FICIENT DESIGN CONCEPT OF “REDUNDANCIES”. PORTABLE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM DEVELOPED IN 1985 AS A RE-DUNDANCY FOR THE AWSS HAS BEEN INTRODUCED AS IT DID GOOD JOB AT THE MARINA FIRE.

DENSITY OF THE CAR TRAFFIC ON THE MAIN ROAD HAS INCREASED. SO WE ARE OBLIGED TO REMOVE QUICKLY THE SNOWCOVER ON ROADS AND ROOVES TO THE DUMPING PLACES. TO REINFORCE THE POWER AGAINST ENORMOUS SNOWFALL, THE OPTIMUM LOCATION OF THE DUMPING PLACES TO REMOVE THE SNOW IS DISCUSSED BY BUILDING THE ESTIMATION MODEL FOR SNOW TO BE REMOVED.

THIS PAPER AIMS TO ESTIMATE POPULATION DISTRIBUTION BY TIME, IN PARTICULAR, EVENING MEALTIME BASED ON WHICH HUMAN DAMAGE OF EARTHQUAKES WILL BE ESTIMATED. A DETERMINISTIC MODEL OF THE RETURN HOME BEHAVIOR OF COMMUTERS FROM THEIR JOB PLACES IS DEVELOPED, AND A SAMPLE SURVEY HAS BEEN CONDUCTED TO FORMULATE THE MODEL PARAMETERS. THE OUTPUT IS COMPARED WITH THE PERSON TRIP SURVEY IN 1978 TO EXAMINE THE VALIDITY OF THE MODEL AND SOME PROPORTIONAL RELATION BETWEEN THEM IS OBSERVED.

THIS STUDY DEALS WITH INTERBLOCK INTERACTION AREAS. THIS CONCEPT REPRESENTS THE PROMOTION OF VARIOUS INTERACTIONS EXTENDING BEYOND EXISTING BLOCK BOUNDARIES AND BRINGING ABOUT VITALIZATION OF REGIONS. IT IS A NEW PLANNING CONCEPT INTRODU-CED IN THE FOURTH NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT PLAN. THE BACKGROUNDS OF THIS CONCEPT ARE THE EXPANSION OF INTERREGIONAL INTERACTIONS AND THE NEED OF FLEXIBLE AREA FRAME SETTING FOR AREAS WHICH OVERLAP EACH OTHER. AND THE CONCEPT AIMS AT THE EFFORT TO ACHIEVE MULTI-POLAR PATTERN OF NATIONAL LAND USE. AN INTER-BLOCK INTERACTION AREA PLAN WAS FORMED FOR SEIKAN AREA ON JUNE IN 1989.

FOR THE ECONOMIC VITALIZATION, THE LOCAL CITY HAS CARRIED OUT MUCH HOUSING AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT BUT IT HAS OFTEN DESTROYED NATURAL LANDSCAPES. NOW MANY AUTHORITIES OF LOCAL CITIES ARE FACED WITH THE NECESSITY TO ESTABLISH THEIR HOUSING POLICY WHICH WILL BE THE IDENTITY OF THEIR CITY, WHILE WE FIND A CONTRADICTION BETWEEN THE DEVELOPMENT AND THE CONSERVATION OF NATURAL LANDSCAPES. FROM THIS VIEWPOINT, WE TRIED TO MAKE OUT WHAT KIND OF DEVELOPMENT DESTROYS MOST THE NATURAL LANDSCAPES BY ANALYZING HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON SATOYAIIA, A WOODED HILL ADJOINING VILLAGES.

MOST OF LOCAL AUTHORITY HAVE TO ESTABLISH HOUSING POLICY FOR INCREASING OF POPULATION SO LONG AS THEY INTEND TO VITALIZE THEIR HOME TOWN. IN THESE CASES, IT IS NECESSARY TO SUPPLY HOUSING NOT ONLY FOR NEW INHABITANTS BUT ALSO FOR COMMING BACK PEOPLE(U-TURAN). FROM THIS POINT OF VIEW, THE TYPES OF OPINION ABOUT WHY PEOPLE WANT TO RETURN TO THEIR HOME TOWN AND THE ANALYSIS OF THE DECISIONTO RETURN TO THEIR HOME TOWN.

THIS STUDY AIMS TO SHOW THE CORRESPONDENCE RELATIONS BETWEEN THE STOREKEEPERS' CONDITIONS AND THEIR PARTICIPATION WILLS OF REGENERATED WORKS OF SHOPPING DISTRICT. AND WE CONSIDERED THE PLANNING METHOD WHICH MAKES TO REALIZE THEM MORE CONCISE. WE HAD SOME QUESTIONNAIRE AND HEARING SURVEY FOR 226 STOREKEEPERS WHICH HAVE THEIR OWN STORES IN THE OBJECTIVE DISTRICT. AS THE RESULT, IT BECAME CLEAR THAT THEIR PARTICIPATION WILLS WERE INFLUENCED THEIR OWN CONDITIONS. THUS, IT IS POSSIBLE TO CONSIDER THE POSSIBILITY OF REALIZATION BY UNDERSTANDING THEIR OWN CONDITIONS.

IN RECENT DAYS, IT IS POPULAR TO LIVE IN CONDOMINIUMS INSTEAD OF FORMER DETACHEDHOUSE IN A BIG CITY. BUT THEY SAID THAT IT IS NOT SO EASY TO MAKE CONDMINIUMS FIT FOR HABITATION BY PROPER HOUSING MANAGEMENT. THE PURPOSE OF THIS PAPER IS TO MAKE CLEAR SOME PROBLEMS AROUND RENEWAL OF OLD CONDMINIUMS, THROUGH A CASE STUDY ON AN EARLY CONDOMINIUM, DOJYUNKAI-UGUISUDANI APARTMENT HOUSE. THE FACTORS AS FOLLOWS MAKE IT DIFFICULT TO UNDERTAKE RENEWAL OF CONDMINIUMS. 1) WE HAVE NO CONSENSUS ABOUT "DILAPIDATED CONDMINIUMS" WHICH SHOULD BE DEMOLISHED AND RECONSTRUCTED.2)TENANTS IN RESIDENTS ARE OFTEN EXCLUDED FROM RENEWAL PROCESS, ETC.

IN THIS STUDY, RECENT TREND OF TRAFFIC POLICY IN NEIGHBORHOODS IN EUROPE,INCLUDING ZONE30, SHARED SPACES, WOONERVEN, ETC, WERE REVIEWED. ESPECIALLY,WE INVESTIGATED THE 1985-LEGALIZATION OF ZONE30 IN FEDERAL REPUBLIC OFGERMANY, URBAN SAFETY PROJECT OF GREAT BRITAIN, AND TRAFFIC SAFETYCHAMPAGNE IN FRANCE.THROUGH THE REVIEW OF A NUMBER OF MATERIALS AND INTERVIEW SURVEYS IN THOSECOUNTRIES, WE FOUND THAT WOONERF-TYPE SHARED STREETS ARE NOT SO POPULARANY MORE, AND TRAFFIC CALMING POLICY, SUCH AS ZONE30 HAS BECOME POPULAR,AND THE TREND IN EACH COUNTY AFFECTS EACH OTHER.