This study examines the transition of the statewide land use planning system in Oregon State, which has been the focus of attention as a model for growth management policy and smart growth policy since its establishment in 1973. The study clarifies that the system has been successful in terms of preserving agricultural and forest lands, preventing urban sprawl, and creating compact urban form. However, since Measure 37, entitled "Government must pay owners or forego enforcement when certain land use restrictions reduce property value," was passed in 2004, Oregonians were thrown into confusion. In 2007, Measure 49 was passed to reduce the effects of waivers based on it, and subsequently, the system was restarted in 2009 after a comprehensive review of the 30-year-long land use planning system. As implications for the Japanese land use planning and regulation system, this study points out the need to establish the comprehensive land use planning and regulation system, and the need to reconstruct the planning theory on the rationality of land use regulation.

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This study analyses how personal and urban structural factors affect car use by employing questionnaire data obtained in Tokyo Metropolitan Area. Urban structures such as density, location and road geometry are considered as regional factors, and household and personal attributes as personal factors. The multilevel model is utilized to handle the two-level explanatory variables. Results showed that while higher regional population density is still a strong factor for restraining car use, it is suggested that personal circumstances such as household size and housing types also affect car ownership and use. Results are compared with those analyzed by conventional regression models and differences of results are also discussed.

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In this paper, a prototype simulator using ArcGIS is discussed regarding how to simulate land use patterns and building use types after Land Readjustment Project area. For this simulation, we suggested several basic functions that are land use pattern simulation using CA and building use type simulation using NN, for which scenario configuration, geo-processing and calculation of spatial features' attributes and geo-database process are necessary for simulation implementation. The components of ArcToolbox in ArcGIS as model and script are employed as a development tool for our simulator. As a result, the simulation outcomes of land use patterns and building use types are evaluated based on an example area in Kanazawa City and the tool is easy to be operated by planners who can use ArcGIS.

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This study is clarifying of the factor located in the region by land owners and leaseholders in the vacant house by the independence support facility for homeless done in the region across Taito Ward and Sumida Ward. A spatial context that existed in the background of land owners and leaseholders' intentions was clarified by clarifying the change in a peripheral environment where facilities were located by using GIS. In addition, the belonging human factor where facilities were located was also analyzed by the thing about which it thought unifying details where facilities were located by the hearing investigation to the managing body in facilities. The building of the independence support facility clarified the factor selected as facilities in choices that were able to be used as various usages by this by the right person of former.

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This paper addresses the role of identity for the sustainable area management, especially focusing on the case of SulzerAreal in Winterthur, Switzerland, which was formerly a heavy industrial site but now is on the process of a slow development by the management of the urban regeneration scheme. From this case study, these following points were made clear. 1) The process oriented management has been involving different investors and create a new style of partnership management with other bodies by the combination of in-between use and new development. On this process, the role of professionals to concern with local identity should be remarked. 2) The identity of the place is created by the mixture of new and old, such as new and old buildings, landscapes, interiors, and exteriors. These become the key factors for branding local identity and also sustainability. 3) SulzerAreal is unique because they operate with an open masterplan, which is an advanced method of leading the plan without determination and generates the local identity with the relation to sustainability.

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Recently, professional baseball watching is expected to be the industry attracting many customers to the city. In this study, the spectator's features and the economic effects are analyzed by questionnaire survey for the spectators of Fukuoka Softbank Hawks(baseball team). The following things became clear by this research. 1) The consumption of the person who came alone or from a distant place is expensive. 2) Before and after watching the game, the spectators drop in the places except Fukuoka Dome (baseball stadium), and Fukuoka Dome is contributing to the bustle of a city. 3) Big demand is produced also to the industries which aren't directly related to the professional baseball watching. 4) Attracting customers is greatly influenced by the traffic cost.

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The purpose of this study is to clarify the concept of sustainability of common space in dense urban environment. This paper analyzes historical evolution of the riverside common space, Kameshima-Kashi, in down town Tokyo, from Meiji to Heisei era, comparing to Kayaba-kashi and Reigan-kashi. These Kashi were used as offloading places and warehouses. In Meiji Era, they were focused, because of superb maritime traffic and connecting to the new financial center of Tokyo, Kabuto-cho. After Great Kanto Earthquake, decline of water transportation system made the function of Kashi reduced. After Olympic Games in 1964, kashi were sold to compensate the financial deficit of Tokyo Metropolitan. Nevertheless, there left a little public domain which still underlies the segmented private land ownership.

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In Japan, wildlife's habitats have been disappeared because of lack of compensation for the loss of habitat which caused by development project. The purpose of this research is to identify the origin and transition of no net loss policy that is legal background of compensatory mitigation. The research was conducted by collecting and analyzing existing literature and interviews to experts in the U.S.A. The origin of no net policy is found in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Mitigation Policy developed in 1981. On the other hand, compensatory mitigation became obligation for impacts related to development project by Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act in 1958. However, the definition of the compensatory mitigation was not clear, and many of compensatory mitigation projects failed at that time. No net loss policy was introduced into the U.S.A. to implement compensatory mitigation projects properly.

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This study verifies the relationship between micro-topographies and the distribution of retail stores in cities bydetermining empirically inclined angles that abut against series of stores in Shimokitazawa of Setagaya-ku,Tokyo. First, clumping analysis based on GIS showed that the area remote from the stores has more inclinesthan the area where stores cluster. Next, statistical tests using AIC in each distance zone from Shimokitazawastation indicated that the series of stores along the streets are tend to abut against at angles of inclinationbetween two and six degrees within 300 meters from the station.

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The aim of this paper is to clarify the realities of the live activity and to understand the problems for making better use of thepublic space in the future, through researching well developed cases in Japan; "kyobashi river open-air cafe" in Hiroshima city.The conclusion are shown as follows: (1)The live activity has continued and the effect of the safety in night improved inthese three years. (2)There were many people who stays a certain time there. (3)Through a comparison of the people involved,it was suggested to have related between the spatial characteristic and the live realities and user evaluation. (4)We found theproblems on the operation by the evaluation of the people involved, such as the regulation.

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The sprawl by modernization has worsened the neighborhood, with the consequence that there is no more sense ofcommunity. To overcome this, New Urbanism has begun and it enters from its infancy a phase of coming into wideuse as the urban planning system. On top of that, a new zoning system called "SmartCode" was drawn up lately.The purposes of this study are to elucidate the contents and to prove the application process of SmartCode. The casestudy is City of Miami which firstly applied SmartCode throughout the city. Applying the Code shows its three mainplausible features: 1)progress verification of SmartCode by the attempt of the Miami's own, 2)confirm four thingswhich are superb than the conventional one by comparing focusing the technical skills, 3) creative approaches toconvince residents about the code during the process of charrette. Consequently, it would be said that SmartCodeverified its potentials as a general tool.

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The users of bus are decreasing rapidly because of the motorization and depopulation in the mountainous region.This research aims to the gradual evaluation of bus operation system consider the financial burden from the viewpointof the willingness to pay by inhabitants. A case study in NUMATA city Gunma pref., the bus situation utilization andthe consciousness of the willingness to pay for maintaining the bus routes are surveyed by questionnaire. As theresults are following, (1)though the self does not utilize buses, buses are necessary for the region, (2)it was shown thatthe miniaturization of the bus vehicles and the reduce the operation days are necessary in order to maintain the busservice.

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The land use control for natural disaster prevention has not sufficiently developed so far in Japan while a unique system in this field has been established and in operation in France for nearly 30 years. The characteristics of the French system are found in (1)its disaster-prevention-specific planning system independent of standard city planning system, (2)regulation by practical zoning harmonized with actual land use, (3)comprehensive land use control combined with regulation, insurance and risk information disclosure, and (4)direct intervention by the central government. It is still evolving putting more emphasis on ex ante disaster prevention measures. By clarifying this French system as a whole, the authors try to induce policy implications to improve the Japanese disaster prevention policy utilizing land use control.

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The aim of this study is to show the actual operation of the regional cooperation system by horizontal function allotment in Germany (the federal state of Brandenburg and Thuringia), which is planned, cross-sectional, complementary cooperation between neighboring local governments with similar size of population, as one of the regional solutions to develop and maintain the urban function under the condition of declining and aging population and financial difficulties. The authors conclude, urban facilities are, in some cases, developed selectively due to the promotion of the regional cooperation by the federal states through designating "cooperating central place" in the state plan and monitoring of its implementation. However, it scarcely leads to the planned downsizing of them because of the objections to the restriction on the planning rights from the local governments.

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The study aims at clarifying the decadal transition of the tendency of decentralization policies and agglomerations ofmanufucturing factories in Thailand. After the economic crisis on 1997, Thai government has weakened somedecentralizion policies of factories in order to attract more industrial factories especially of foreign companies, most ofwhich tend to search globally for more preferable locations for their industrial activities. That results in moreagglomeration of factories in the surrounding provinces of Bangkok and formulation of so-called large metropolitanregion. In turn, the decentralization of factory locations to rural provinces for decreasing regional disparities hasstagnated or even blew back.

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