Application of so-called rock tunneling in urban areas and enlargement of tunnel faces are current challenges in the field of rock tunneling.
In urban areas in particular, careful attention should be paid to the safety oftunneling as the earth is in general covered thinly and the ground has yet to beconsolidated; and there are often restrictions on adjacent and buried structureswith respect to subsidence and deformation as well as strict rules as to noise andvibration.
In response to these challenges, long-distance forepiling known as the umbrellamethod has been applied successfully in an increasing number of cases as rocktunneling.
This paper studies the long-distance forepiling which evolved as a methodsupplementing tunnel excavation, with particular reference to the history of rocktunneling in Japan, and also discusses forepiling through high-pressure jetgrouting.
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