This paper deals planning processes for improvements of residential traffics from the point of view that planning processes must be adapted to a planning environments. The situation and characteristics of Contingency Planning is clarified through the historical review of planning theories. We intend to adapt it to residential traffic planning. Namely through investigations on Roads Improvement Program in Residential Area, relations between planning style and planning environment are discussed to clarify planning processes adapted to situations of each area where the program is introduced. From the result we propose some directions about planning methods for the program.

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Community interruption is one of the basic parts of environmental problems caused by road traffic, rather than noise pollution or vibration, which have a serious effect on residents. However, so far, to show the damage to residents and the relation of cause and effect.
In this study, carrying out several surveys, community interruption is positively considered. As a result, the traffic volume which cause behaviour is influenced deeply by road traffic, and one crossing of a trunk road is almost equal to increase of distance of 200-300 meter long. Moreover, based on the above analysis, a theoretical model to analyze this subject is proposed.

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In order to establish wider consensus on the snow-removalorder of roads, we discuss the potential of introduction of a supporting system which consists of following two subprocesses: a) Production of a snow-removal-order diagram of road, supported by VISMS, and b) Numerization of the diagram by Discriminant model. Applying this system to Kanazawa, we demonstrate that
i) citizens, who are layman about such a system, can also product their own diagram.
ii) numerical clasification of snow-removal order of roads by Discriminant model is consistent with the result of subjective grouping based on the diagram.

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The paper addresses the significance of the total environmental load control scheme which was recently introduced by the Japanese gov-ernment, and points out the need for the development of scientific tools in determining how to assign the total loads to the dischargers located along a closed water system. In light of this consideration, a conflict analysis is performed to study the problem systematically, whereby a full use is made of cooperative game theory to model it. The model corresponds to the four stages of planning: total load standard setting, facility planning, cost allocation, and taxation and subsidy scheme.
Given some fundamental examples representing real world issues, a systematic assessment is made of both the theoretical and practical implications to be derived from the model. A point is made that under the particular situations some type of equity criteria, if added, may effectively reduce the possibilities of determining the environmental load assignments to the dischargers.

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This paper is developing a methodology for evaluating non-market goods caused by transportation project such as time saving and environment deterioration. Evaluation method have been established for market goods by using the concept of “Compensating Variation” or “Equivalent Variation”, but not for non-market goods. This paper. first, establishes a definition of the benefits of the time saving and environment change on the basis of welfare economics. Secondly, the possibility of a practical measurement of these benefits based on market data for transportation activity is shown by an application of a general equilibrium approach.

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A roadnet work improvement in a city has many effects on an urbanization & socioeconomic activities. This article is a report of the positive analysis on a relationship between a road construction & a fixed property tax based on the case studies in cities of Japan. It is made clarify numericaly that an amount of fixed property tax are largely increased after the improvement of road net work, because an assessment of a fixed property tax & a floor area of buildings have been increased.

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The basic concept of limited access highways in Tokyo, Osaka, New York and Paris are analyzed first of all.New York has two concepts, the first one is parkway and the second is expressway connectting downtown to suburban parkways and connectting interstate highways each other.On the contrary, the basic concepts of Tokyo, Osaka and Paris are expressways being intended to distribute traffics of central city area.Second, characteristics of design of these highways are compared with in following cases, (a) large scale waterfront (b) small scale waterfront (c) other symbolic spaces (d) business quaters (e) combined design with buildings and combined project with other public facilities. Finally, the subjects of expressway design are summerlized as follows, (1) how to harmonize super scale expressway with existing human scale townscape (2) how to humanize expressway structures in scale, material and form.

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The area and length of waterspace (river, watercourse, canal and pond) are measured and compared, late in the Yedo period (about 1850) and today, in the same urbanized area of 20 cities based on castle towns in japan.
We propose 2 indexes (Rw, Dw) to judge the quantity of waterspace.
Rw=Aw/Au×100 (%)-the ratio of waterspace to urbanized area
Dw=Au/Lw×0.5 (m)-the arriving distance at waterspace
Aw: Fhe area of waterspace urbanized area in the city.
Lw: The length of waterspace urbanized area in the city.
Au: The area of urbanized area in the city.
The followings are some result,
1. Lw in 19 cities and Aw in all 20 cities have decreased.
2. The average Rw was 10.7% and is 7.6% today. It decreased by about 30%.
3. The average Dw was 199m and is 306m today. It increased by about 50%.

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The study examines the hypothesis that daily travel-activity behaviour is influenced by the household role, life cycle and other attributes of individuals and households. A specific representation in time and space oftravel-activity relationship and a statistical analysis based on the log-linear model are employed to test the hypothetical relationship. The former qualitative analysis demonstrates that life cycle is a key determinant in deciding wife's travel behaviour, while husband and children are not influenced by life cycle in their daily travel behaviour. The latter statistical analysis confirms above empirical evidence and derived a further fact that daily travel behaviour of wife in household is influenced by her role and age as well.

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On bicycle crossing zone in small intersections, the safety from collisions depends on the behaviors of cyclists and vehicle drivers.
From the survey of such bicycle crossing zone, the behaviors of cyclists, especialy the distributions of crossing possition, and the impact of accessing vehicles were clarified.
Evaluation model was built up to calculate the probability of collisions under the status of the behaviors from the survey with several assumptions about the behaviors.
Finally the effect of change of behaviors to the risks of collisions were analyzed with the simulation treatment of those behaviors for the evaluation medel. Also it was disscussed what is the safety behaviors and what is not.

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It is the purpose of this paper to classify the renewal area in a mid le scale port city. The mixed land use and the worse enviroment become a serious problem at the port city of local area. This is result that the port planning was planed and carried out without to consider the urban areas. On the other hand, the port cargo shows a tendency to decrease, and a partth of e port facilities become to a superannuate condition. From the facts described above, we investigate the following four standpoints to classify the renewal area.
(1) Investigate a superannuate condition of the port facilities.
(2) Examine the relationship between the construction cost, thme aint enance expenses and the profit to make use of the port facilities.
(3) Separete the port functions from the urban functions.
(4) Extract the cells of the worse enviroment.

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The aim of this study is to develop a-methodology to analyzethe Regional Planning Problems through Simulation Experiments by Land-Use Model which is suitable to purpose of Systems Analysis.
In regional Planning, generally, the effects of a Large number of alternatives as combinations of various Regional Policies should be examined. So in-order to extract desirable alternative among them, Process System adopting Experimental Design Technique is developed which can obtain much information by a small number of Simulation Experiments (Model Operations). Through a case study in Sensyu Region, one of the Suburban Area of Osaka, some information concerning with Regional Planning could be obtained.

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This paper proposes a new method for the optimal allocation of increasing activity demmands and the determination of road sections to be improved in urban area, using goal programming and multiple objective linear programming technique.
As the results of case study in SAGA city, it has been found that this method is available for projecting future urban environments and for testing the probable consequences of alternative policies such as improvement of road network and land use controls.

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In this paper, we presents some kinds of traffic demand estimation model by observed link flows regarding generation trips only as unknowns, which are formulated by minimizing the sum of square errors between observed and estimated link flows, and investigate the differences in these model properties concerning prediction errors caused by noises in the given and the observed data. This comparative study is done by computer simulations using artificial data. The main results are as follows:(1) The trip distribution model, which gives a best goodness of fit on an existing or earlier OD pattern, must be choosed in order to estimate the OD matrix.(2) If the OD matrix change by the number of generation and attraction trips, we must use the gravity model satisfying two trip end constraints.

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Traffic assignment is the process of allocating a set of OD trips to various routes of the transportation network. Usually traffic assignment is made for an entire day. The most common assignment techniques use Q-V curves, which show the speed-volume relationships, in order to take into account the effects of traffic congestion. However, these Q-V curves have been determined ideally or empirically and have not been based on field data.
In this paper we present a new method which can make up a Q-V curve applicable to traffic assignment for an entire day by using the Q-V curve observed for an hour and the hourly variation pattern of traffic.

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The exhaust gas volume, which is a major factor of the air pollution, is changed by the driving modes of the vehicle. In particular, on the congested traffic flow, its influence is considerable and complicated. Therefore, to establish the method for estimating each mode of the traffic flow is the fundamental problem. Already we have developed a simple model on the free traffic flow. In this paper, we showed a model developed by expanding the former model, to estimate the driving modes on congested flow through some actual surveys.

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The author has already tried to formulate the methodology of the road network capacity as a linear programming method.
Based on this formulated methodology, in this paper the following two attempts are made. One is the effects of the change of route choice behavior of OD traffic on the road network capacity.
The other is the methodology of the critical road network capacity which is the condition of all trips not generating and attracting.
As a result, the former is studied through the slack variables and dual variables of the dual problem. On the other hand, the methodology of the critical road network capacity is attempted as by way of simple matrix calculation based on the OD-cut matrix.

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Equilibrium traffic assignment on a congested network is dealt by considering queues at intersections. The travel time on a link with congested flow is expressed as the sum of running time at non-congested flow regime and imaginary waiting time at the end of link. Traffic volume on links and waiting time in queues are required through equilibrium conditions. The problem is formed as a convex programming, which has explicit capacity restraints. The problem is transformed the ordinary traffic assignment problem by use of interior penalty function method. The solution is required as the limit value of solutions of them. The waiting time on a congested link is equivalent to the derivative of penalty function. A feasible point search using the solution algorithm itself is suggested. In this method, not only traffic volume but also the length and waiting time of stationary traffic congestion can be expected, and the solution algorithm is enough practical.

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This paper aims at providing disaggregate tests theoreticaly consistent with a parameter estimation method. The parameter estimation method presented here is based on a straightforward application of the conjugacy theory on the statisfaction function of disaggregate logit model. Because the conjugacy theory indicates that the optimum function of conjugate problem induces an entropy of choice behavior, we can use the entropy as a measure of uncertainty involved in estimating of parameters. Then, it can be show that Shannon's information can be derived from the entropy as the conjugate function of satisfaction function and that Shannon's information is useful for comprehensive tests such as “significance”, “usefulness” and “accuracy” of models.

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The effects of the bus service level on the bus passenger demand were analyzed using the data collected in the Toko line in Nagoya, in which the Key Route Bus system was introduced in March 1982. After the introduction, passengers of the Key Route Bus and the sampled residents in the vicinity of the Toko line were asked to fill up the questionnaire concerning the trips they made, transportation modes they had used before the introduction, and so forth. Using these data, disaggregate models describing the mode choice were constructed and time elasticity was calculated. It was found that the service level in the line-haul (in-vehicle time, line-haul cost) has a greater effect than the access time or cost has.

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