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Tuguo TAKEBAYASHI, Kazuyoshi YAMAMOTO, Yasushi IZUMIYA, Shinya UEOKA
1999 Volume 9 Pages
1-8
Published: November 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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In the mountain tunnel, the face stability is necessary until the support will confine the ground. However there were considerably many cases which fall into the accident construction by face's collapse. An unstable phenomenon including face's collapse is an important problem in the tunnel construction, it causes serious influence to the safety, delivery and cost etc. of the tunnel construction. We try to classify the unstable phenomenon experienced by the many tunnel constructions in our country, and consider the unstable phenomenon. We will propose the new countermeasure of the face stabilization by considering the ground conditions which trigger unstable face.
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Tetsuya SUZUKI, Sadayosi HIKITA, Hiroyuki YOKOYAMA, Masahito SHISHIDO
1999 Volume 9 Pages
9-14
Published: November 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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On natural ground consisting of altered andesite lava and pyroclastic rock of the Neogene period of the Miocene epoch, two-dimensional resistivity method and VLF-EM survey were conducted in addition to seismic wave exploration using the refraction method - which is commonly used for. geological surveys in tunnels. Comparisons of the results of these surveys were made along with comparisons of these results with actual geological conditions found through pilot boring.
As a result, geological conditions which were noto clear with only the results of seismic wave exploration using the refraction method could be further elucidated by the other two method. It was also confirmed that the differences in geological conditions within the natural ground, such as the physical and mechanical properties of bedrock and subterranean water conditions, were well refracted in the contrast of the resistivity and seismic wave velocity in the natural ground. It was also through that different geological conditions within the natural ground were probably caused by mineral composition variations due to differences in the extent of past alteretions.
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Hideo KIYA, Takehiro OHTA, Tetsuro ESAKI, Yujing JIANG
1999 Volume 9 Pages
15-22
Published: November 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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Stability of tunnel faces in sandy grounds is influenced by not only the mechanical properties of the ground but also groundwater conditions. Sand tank experiments have made clear that the morphological features of face collapse are influenced by the properties of grounds and the groundwater conditions. The simulations of the model experiment by a mechanical-groundwater flow coupling analysis are tried based on the finite-difference method, and it is verified that the analysis method is serviceable. The numerical parametric analyses are also carried out to understand the influences of the mechanical properties on face stability of tunnels in the water saturated sandy grounds. The results of the analyses indicated that the face stability decreases remarkably in condition of less than 80 percent in relative density of ground.
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Tutomu SHIMIZU, Kouji BABA, Takahisa SHIOTSUKI, Kensei SUN, Yoshihito ...
1999 Volume 9 Pages
23-30
Published: November 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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The linning concrete of Nikkureyama Tunnel at Jo-Shin-Etsu Highway has been reinforced by steel fiber concrete or carbon fiber sheets because of deformations of the tunnel at 400m of expanded mud stone area. However, many cracks were found at surfaces of steel fiber lining concrete near the carbon fiber sheets area. In this paper, the result of the investigation of cracks inside the lining concrete blinded by the carbon fiber sheets by the ultrasonic reflection sounding system are described.
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Hideo KINASHI, Hajime OUCHI, Yuzo ONISHI
1999 Volume 9 Pages
31-38
Published: November 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the bond properties of cable bolts based on bond stress distribution during pull-outs, and to clarify local bond stress - slip behavior for numerical models. Pullout tests of cable bolts have been conducted in laboratories, using varying levels of grout strength, confining stiffness, embedment length, grout thickness and the number of strands.
Results of the experiment have demonstrated that the cable bolt was pulled out rotationally along with the strand, and the bond strength, based on local bond distribution, did not rely on grout strength, confining stiffness, etc.
Using the bond parameters of Sbond and Kbond that were obtained from the experiment, we have simulated the result of a field pull-out test by UDEC. Results of the analysis have indicated that the axial force distribution coincides with the results of the field measurement.
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Shigeki UNJOH, Jun-ichi HOSHIKUMA, Shigeru OGISO, Masahiro HIROSE, Tak ...
1999 Volume 9 Pages
39-46
Published: November 30, 1999
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The seismic isolation for underground structures is the system in which a tunnel body is covered by a thin isolation layer consisting of elastic rubber with low shear modulus. It was applied for the first time to a shield-driven tunnel used as a common duct at a junction with a vertical shaft. In order to verify shearing capability of the newly formed isolation structure, an in-situ test was conducted right after its construction. The shear resistence of the isolation layer due to lateral movement of a tunnel body including a shield machine was measured when the tunnel body was pushed toward the cutting face by oil jacks fixed at the shaft wall. As a result, the relationship between reaction force and deformation for the isolation layer revealed that the isolation layer with necessary shear modulus and shearing capability was successfully formed.
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Masatsugu ISHII, Kenichi KANEKO, Masahiko SUGIYAMA
1999 Volume 9 Pages
47-54
Published: November 30, 1999
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The length of shield tunneling has been on the increasei nrecent years, and long-distancetunneling with a large-section shield exceeding 10 mindiameter is likely to increase inthe near future. Taking advantage of the fact that a large cross section is involved, the auth ors have developed an eccentric multi-axis shield tunneling machine that has six fan-shaped cutters. Each cutter has its own drive system and is capable of being retracted into a housing that has the same shape as the cutterhead located in the shield.
This paper reports on a three-dimensional flow analysis of slurry in the chamber and shows that use of segmental cutters improves flow.
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Atsushi KOIZUMI, Junzo SAGO, Yukinori SHIMIZU, Takanori SHIRAI
1999 Volume 9 Pages
55-62
Published: November 30, 1999
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In recent years, a lot of underground rivers and ponds are constructed for the purpose of flood control by the shield tunneling method in urban areas such as Tokyo and Osaka. These tunnels and ponds are subjected to not only the earth pressure and water pressure from the outside of them but also the high water pressure from the inside of them. There are many problems that should be clear for getting the good tunnel. For example, what sort of structures of the tunnel lining is better and what sort of the design method of the tunnel lining is more rational. In this paper, the behavior of the primary lining and the secondary lining and the behavior of the inner water pressure are clarified from the results of simplified model test and their analytical investigations. As a result, the analyical model by which is reasonably able to explain the behavior of the shield tunnel subjected to the inner water pressure is shown. Moreover the rational structure and the design method of the tunnel tinning is proposed.
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Hiroshi KANDA, Atsushi KOIZUMI
1999 Volume 9 Pages
63-70
Published: November 30, 1999
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Because of the lack of the fundamental test data, the current design method of liner plate structures depends on the impracticable or only theoretical calculation. Therefore there exists some differences in their point of view between each makers. Accordingly, the design method needs to be standardized. This study refers to several loading tests and analyses of liner plates and their structures. Their available ratios of bending stiffness are attempted to reveal by the tests. Consequently, the Beam-Spring Model can simulate the behavior of structures of liner plates in a good accuracy.
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Masami SEYA, Matsuo YAMAMOTO, Toshio SHINOKAWA, Shozo KOMATSU, Koichi ...
1999 Volume 9 Pages
71-76
Published: November 30, 1999
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We have applied three methods of geological survey to grasp fracture zone in tunnel under construction, and compared the results of survey methods each other. The survey methods are 1) High resolution seismic refraction method, 2) Horizontal core boring, 3) TSP (Tunnel Seismic Prediction) system. In High resolution seismic refraction method, more accurate distribution map of elastic wave velocities is obtained as compared with conventional seismic refraction method, and the location of fracture zone can be estimated from the results. In TSP system, estimated location and width of fracture zone are nearly equal to the results of horizontal core boring.
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Hiroyoshi KASA, Hisashi IMAI, Manabu SHIMIZU, Hachiro MIZUBATA, Yoichi ...
1999 Volume 9 Pages
77-82
Published: November 30, 1999
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Spring water in tunnel have an influence on tunneling. Some investigation and analysis were carried on to estimate the quantity of spring water and to forecast the locality have large underground water, on the escape tunnel of Hakamagoshi Tunnel which was excavated by TBM.
The result of this study were as follows.
1) The quantity of water spring in tunnel over the whole tunnel was estimated by statistical analysis of the water quantity date on excavated section of the tunnel.
2) The locality which have large underground water were forecast by geological data.
3) A changing of water quantity was evaluated by chemical analysis of water.
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Masayosi SASANO, Teturou RIKITAKE, Masaki KIMURA, Hidetaka NAKAGAKI
1999 Volume 9 Pages
83-88
Published: November 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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Tunnel support patterns is decided by a geological condition which is estimated by geological survey and these support patterns are change based on the results of cutting face observation and tunnel monitoring at tunnel construction. The authors applied the new system of rock mass classifications which JH made to some tunnel and compared the rock mass classification proposed by this system with the results of electric prospecting, blasting powder volume, and so on. Consequently it is showned that this new system is also very useful in the stage of geological survey and reduces the differences between the designed and adopted support patterns.
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Mamoru YOSHIZUKA, Tetuo ITOU, Hiromichi SHIROMA
1999 Volume 9 Pages
89-94
Published: November 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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As numerical models to take discontinuity of rock mass into account, the finite element method with joint elements (assuming infinitesimal deformation), finite difference dynamic discontinuum analysis in which motion equation is solved in order to deal with the large deformation problem, and other methods have been developed.
This report presents the outline of investigation on the field application of the numerical method to the tunnel support design, by means of comparing the results of discontinuum analysis and measured field data, as one method to design the rational support structure of large cross section tunnel in New Toumei-Meisin Expressway.
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Shunsuke SAKURAI, Mikio FUJIMURA, Hiroshi HARADA, Masahiro IWANO, Taka ...
1999 Volume 9 Pages
95-100
Published: November 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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In this study, a new form of back analysis procedure has been applied to the shallow large tunnel project to decide the appropriate support system and to evaluate the safety of a tunnel. By using this procedure, the unknowns including in-situ stress, Young's modulus, and arbitrary non-elastic strains occurring in a surrounding ground due to the tunnel excavation can be back-calculated efficiently and accurately.
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Tadashi TERAMOTO, Takeshi KOIKE, Takeshi TAMURA
1999 Volume 9 Pages
101-106
Published: November 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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The structural analysis was carried out to investigate the behavior of damaged tunnel concrete lining reinforced by steel plate. Steel plate is thin compared with existing concrete lining, then the effect of such plate is not yet made clear. Computer analysis by finite element method (FEM) was executed including surrounding ground, so that the interaction between tunnel lining and ground can be considered.
Assumed damaged concrete lining types were hinged condition and lack of lining at tunnel top section. Under such damaged conditions, effect of steel plate thickness was studied. As a result, thin steel plate is sufficient under the condition of tying steel plate with damaged concrete lining.
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Hideo INABA, Masayuki SUZUKI, Toru TAHOU
1999 Volume 9 Pages
107-112
Published: November 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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A tunnel which has been constructed in “Shirasu”, met with impervious layer at 260 meter from entrance. We observed groundwater level 20 meter higher than spring line in opposite side of the that layer, and we needed more than one month to drawdown. Therefore we conducted a drawdown simulation with finite element method to understand an effective dewatering method.
The results of simulation are as follows:(1) It's effective on drawdown to use longer drainage borings togetherwell point drainage.(2) The specific storage of Shirasu is about 0.03l/m, and it's very important factor in this case.
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Takashi ITOH, Osamu OCHI, Akira OYAMA, Nobuo NAKAGAWA, Yoshiyuki SHIGE ...
1999 Volume 9 Pages
113-118
Published: November 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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Generally, the shallow-depth tunnel is constructed by an auxiliary method. It is thought that especially an Umbrella Method and Pre-Lining Method is effective in control of surface settlement, the improvement in face stability.
Evaluating surface settlement control effect quantitative on Umbrella Method and Pre-Lining is presented. Considering simulation related with measurement value on surface settlement, a new design method of Umbrella Method and Pre-Lining Method is proposed. Simulation is calculated by 2-dimensional finite element method.
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Yukihiro TAKEDA, Tomoo NISHIYAMA, Takaharu FUJIMOTO, Isaku OGAWA, Yasu ...
1999 Volume 9 Pages
119-124
Published: November 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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About 20 km length of the Kyushu Shinkansen route passes through on pumice-flow deposit Shirasu area in Kagoshima prefecture. The tunnel sections which total length is about 7 km are proposed in the Shirasu under the groundwater. Since few, Shirasu tunnels for railroad under the groundwater have constructed in Japan, design and construction method of the Shirasu tunnels should be developed.
This paper introduces ground improvement method with blast-furnace slag to construct permanent permeable roadbed for the Shirasu tunnels. It is expected that the Shirasu tunnels can be constructed safely and economically by using this method.
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Moronari OZAKI, Hiroyuki YAMADA, Masatsugu KAWAKITA, Mamoru MAGARA, Ya ...
1999 Volume 9 Pages
125-130
Published: November 30, 1999
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This paper shows the decision making and the planing of the vertical forepoling bolt method in auxiliary methods for tunneling under thin overburden with unsymmetrical earth pressure. Auxiliary methods are applied to avoid the ground settlement, collapse at the cutting face and landslide. It is important to decide proper supporting at the site with imperfect arch action or low bedrock strength such as tunnel portal or shallow overburden. As a guide to control those problems, the vertical forepoling mechanism is evaluated through the monitoring system for slope stability by using back analysis with field measurement data in this paper.
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Ko KAWANO, Hideo FUJII, Naoto KOIZUMI, Toshio MATUSZAWA, Takuya TAGUCH ...
1999 Volume 9 Pages
131-136
Published: November 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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A Low-Cohesion (Bulk Emulsion) Explosive complying to relevant laws and regulation in Japan is developed. Demonstration tests are carried out to prove its facility for handling and its blasting performance in actual construction site. Several useful-results were obtained from the tests, in relation to, 1) mechanical charge of explosion, 2) compact charge, 3) water-resisting qualities, 4) large burden-distance for blastholes, 5) reduction of charge-time and so on.
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Masanori OKUBO, Yukio HINE, Koji NAKAGAWA
1999 Volume 9 Pages
137-142
Published: November 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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The tunnel support designed before the excavation often differs from the actual support. In this study the trends of the tunnel design of engineers (owners, geologists, consultants and construction engineers) were studied. At the first step, engineers picked up their concerning points in the design following to a geological survey reports. With the field observation, they modified their concerning points and gave the support design along the tu, nnel. After the circulating all available mutual data, members gave their final support design. The results were discussed from the point of human dependence on tunnel design.
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Masahiko SUZUKI, Hideto MASHIMO, Tsutomu TAKANE, Kunio FUJII
1999 Volume 9 Pages
143-148
Published: November 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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The effect of rockbolt on the ground stability around a tunnel in sandy and shallow overburden ground was not clarified, and the appropriate length and arrangement of them should be established.
Centrifugal model test using rockbolt was carried out, and the results on the effect of the rockbolt were acquired as follows:
(1) Placing in the part near crown was most effective, and in the part of wall was no effect.
(2) In placing many rockbolt, the length could be shortened to keep crown stable.
(3) In placing long rockbolt, the density of them could be sparse.
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Hiromichi SIROMA, Wataru AKAGI, Akihiro DAN, Toshiya YAMAGUCHI, Masayu ...
1999 Volume 9 Pages
149-154
Published: November 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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Japan Highway Public Corporation has a plan to use reinforced concrete lining in collapse-prone sections of a long tunnel to be excavated with a full-section TBM for two lanes. The lining for the TBM will be manufactured on the site. In order to save in-situ processing and assembly of reinforcement for higher productivity, adoption of steel fiber reinforced concrete was studied. As a result, the lining made of steel fiber reinforced concrete have proved safe under expected loads.
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Takashi ITOH, Osamu OCHI, Akira OYAMA, Tatuya HASEGAWA, Akira NAGATA
1999 Volume 9 Pages
155-160
Published: November 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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In the tunnel located in squeezing ground, convergence of displacement may not be completed, before constructing secondary lining. For this reason, load may act on lining, after constructing secondary lining. In such a case, the design method which does not exceed the proof stress of secondary lining is required. At present, the method by frame analysis is widely used for the design method of secondary lining. In this report, we prepared the nomogram without performing frame analysis, and examined the applicability to design.
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Nobuharu ISAGO, Hideto MASHIMO
1999 Volume 9 Pages
161-166
Published: November 30, 1999
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Tunnel lining is designed and constructed mainly based on the past experience. Considering mechanical characteristic and the introduction of new materials to lining lead to a proper structure, and it can reduce the cost of construction. In this study, full-scale loading experiment for tunnel lining was carried out to achieve the upper purposes, and the analysis was done on the basis of the results. The following results were acquired:(1) the cracks were dispersed in the forecasting area in the lining with SFRC, (2) in analysis, the bending moment decreased considering the influence of crack in lining, while the axial force was nearly constant in the same load.
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Takuji YAMAMOTO, Yukiyoshi KITAMOTO, Kensuke DATE, Michitaka OKAMOTO
1999 Volume 9 Pages
167-172
Published: November 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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With regard to the current practice of tunnelling construction for railways and roads it is desired that a more practical method be developed so as to save time and cost as well as more safety. Lecentry, long forepiling method has been used widely so that the tunnel crown settlement in soil ground, can be restrained. On the other hand, cost by such method is generally high in case special technique or machine must be adopted. In addition, the effect by reinforcement using forepiling method is difficult to be made clear theoretically.
We developed a new forepiling method using middle length steel gas pipes for the purpose of lowering the construction cost with enough reinforcement effect. These reinforcement can be easily installed by conventional tunnelling machine. This paper reports the technical features and construction procedure. Next, the practical measuring results are shown. As a result, it is proved that the new forepiling method is effective in cost and reinforcement.
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Shinobu KAISE, Hiromichi SHIROMA, Koji MITANI
1999 Volume 9 Pages
173-176
Published: November 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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In the construction of tunnels with a large and flat cross section on the New Tomei-Meishin Expressways, high-strength concrete is considered to be an expected material for the secondary lining in order to achieve cost reduction by reducing both thickness of the lining and excavation area. For the purpose of finding important points in casting the high-strength concrete and it's strength characteristics with various conditions of casting and mix proportion, we performed testing by using model forms which simulate the real tunnel lining form and did the test construction in the field.
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Takahiro SUGIURA, Kenji NAKAI, Takashi SATOH, [in Japanese], Takashi M ...
1999 Volume 9 Pages
177-182
Published: November 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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According to manuals on countermeasures against deformed tunnels, the cracks of secondary lining around the crown, are induced by uneven pressure and immersion of legs of supports. To investigate the cause of these cracks, questionnaires were gathered on the situation of the lining with cracks. Subsequently, it is found that the cracks tend to occur in sections near tunnel entrances employing no reinforcement, and constructed in cold season. A thermal stress analysis was also performed considering of support loads and measurement results on concrete stress. The result showed that it is possible for thermal stress and drying shrinkage to produce the cracks.
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Masahiko KITADA, Kiyotaka HAYASHIDA, Shunsuke SAKURAI, Masato SHINJI, ...
1999 Volume 9 Pages
183-188
Published: November 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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Dramatic traffic increase in modern day necessitated an extension of cross section of Tennozan tunnel, which was constructed by a side drift method 35 years ago, in a very difficult ground condition. Knowing that the initial construction had experienced large deformation and high pressure on concrete lining, a special care was taken for planning and selection of construction method. As a result of the actual extension of the tunnel cross section was completed only with minor deformation with fair confidence in tunnel stability. Displacement recorded for a ordinary section was less than 1mm at the depth of 2m and at most 3mm at surface. That recorded for an extended section, however, went up to 2-3 mm at the depth of 4-5m, and was 10-14mm at surface on the right side.
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Akihiko SUNAMI, Kazuaki YOKOYAMA, Seiichi NISHIMURA, Masaki KIMURA, Sa ...
1999 Volume 9 Pages
189-194
Published: November 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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TENNNOZAN TUNNEL were constructed as two lane highway tunnels 35years ago. An extension of cross section was planned because of modern traffic increase. The initial construction had experienced large deformation and high pressure on concrete lining due to landslides in the west portal. On the actual extension, the collapse of sand layer and large deformation of old tunnel lining occurred. It was clarified that this large deformation is due to loosening of sand layers by excavation and successive stress redistribution in fault zone. Finally, the Authors adopted AGF method as a countermeasure and completed the extension of cross section.
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Toshio SHINOKAWA, Masanao KANAUCHI, Matsuo YAMAMOTO, Tetsuo FURUKAWA, ...
1999 Volume 9 Pages
195-200
Published: November 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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TBM wall image processing system has been developed to take tunnel wall images by ccd cameras during TBM excavation and to analyze the geological structure of the tunnel using the images. The ccd cameras are fixed to the TBM machine, and tunnel wall surface is photographed continuously with the strokes of thrust jacks. Tunnel wall images will be combined and translated in a personal computer, and image maps will be printed out. Then, strike, dip and aperture of discontinuities are calculated by the geological analysis program. By applying this system to TBM excavation, the geological condition of tunnel wall can be grasped visually and the stability of tunnel under the influence of discontinuities can be estimated accurately. This system is applied to TBM pilot tunnel of Hamamatsu Tunnel East, Second Tomei Expressway, and satisfactory results are obtained.
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Keigo TAKEUCHI, Takashi WADA, Yashushi IZUMIYA, Kuniichirou MIYASHITA, ...
1999 Volume 9 Pages
201-206
Published: November 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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In this paper we propose a new method for convergence measurement of tunnel. We achieve this using Electro-optical distance meter and Image processing technology. Image processing make possible to calculate correct point of target in tunnel automatically. And we can get 3-D information of target positions easily by personal computer. In experiment we verified possibilities of this method, and usefulness of user-interface of this system.
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Tadashi HASHIMOTO, Toru YASUDA, Masaharu ICHIKAWA, Tsutomu KOJIMA, Jun ...
1999 Volume 9 Pages
207-212
Published: November 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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Large-scale facilities such as subway station, underground car park, underground passage road were investigated on design and construction technology for constructing using tunneling methods in the comparatively shallow space for the purpose of efficient use of underground space in urban area.
In this paper, the controversial point and the problem to be solved are reported to make a correct application of tunneling methods for large section tunnel with shallow overburden.
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Keiji HIGASHIO, Kazunori WATANABE, Masami KIMURA, Wataru UTIDA, Sadao ...
1999 Volume 9 Pages
213-218
Published: November 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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It was found from researches on construction cases in Japan and overseas that one of the most effective tunneling methods for a large section tunnel with shallow overburden is installing the roof to stabilize the section against the overburden before excavating the ground. Examples for installation of tunnel-roof are connecting several small-section tunnels, which is common in China and France, utilizing a box-shield and combining shields by means of the shield-tunneling technology that is remarkably improved, and NATM.
In this paper, these tunneling methods are proposed and their effectiveness, advantage and disadvantage, applicability, and cost efficiency are reported.
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Kazuya TSUJIMICHI, Hideki KOBAYASHI
1999 Volume 9 Pages
219-224
Published: November 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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Development of easy cleaning tiles for use of interior wall in tunnel was carried out. The adherent auto exhausts stains on newly developed tiles coated by silicate are found to be more easily washed out by water spraying than those on non-coated tiles. It was also found that the function of coated tiles was durable over the long term for various loads caused by the cleaning and the construction. This easy cleaning tile is expected to decrease the cost of the cleaning compared to the noncoated tiles and other conventional wall materials used in tunnel.
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Atsushi SUTOH, Takashi MIKAMI, Masayuki OKADA
1999 Volume 9 Pages
225-230
Published: November 30, 1999
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This paper deals with an interpolation algorithm which using the stochastic method for design temperatures of heat insulator. The stochastic method is called “Semi-Variogram”, and we introduce a Semi-Variogram, how to interpolate for design temperatures of heat insulator. In this study, some experimental data of temperatures can be transformed to homogeneous spatial processes by means of some linear transformation. And, the interpolated design temperature from Semi-Variogram is compared with the observed temperatures of actual data. Finally, numerical examples are worked out to demonstrate the usefulness of this algorithm which is determined the design temperature for heat insulator in a planning load tunnel.
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Kaoru IWAMOTO, Katsumi KASAI
1999 Volume 9 Pages
231-236
Published: November 30, 1999
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The design loads that are reduced by the ground reaction are estimated simply for usual conventional design method. The other hand, the reaction loads should be estimated by deformation and displacement of tunnel lining, for the beam-spring design method that is more practical than usual method. Our former report observed that the difference between the deformation mode of each design method have effect on the section force of tunnel lining at the certain soil condition. In this paper, the effects of ground condition on the ground reaction force and the section force of tunnel lining are discussed. They were revealed by analyzing the usual conventional design method and the beam-spring design method with the ground condition as the parameters.
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Kouzi KASIO, Takahiro HOSHINO, Isamu KATO, Noriyuki SUZUKI
1999 Volume 9 Pages
237-242
Published: November 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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Subway Line No.12 will consist of Tokyo's first loop line, a 29-km-long route which will circle Tokyo from the departure point at the Shinjuku subcity center, and of an efferent arm extending approximately 14-km to the northwest of the metropolis.
In this section, Kuramae and Ryogoku Stations will be excavated by the cut-and-cover method, and a tunneling shield will he used to traverse the Sumida River and contact the two stations with parallel single-track tunnels.
In this paper, the driving control in extremely soft ground, on Sumidagawa Shield Line is reported.
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Kunio FUJII, Hideto MASHIMO, Toshiaki ISHIMURA, Hidemoto MAYUMI
1999 Volume 9 Pages
243-248
Published: November 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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The analysis by FEM is mainly used for the prediction method of ground movement in excavation by shield tunneling. It is necessary to set the analytical conditions, such as the models, the various values, and stress release ratio. But they are decided by each judgement in accordance with the sites and not by a certain concept. In this study to establish the prediction method of ground movement, the influence of the analytical condition to the result, analysis method and the proper settings of stress release ratio were examined by FEM using in-situ data in shield tunneling.
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Akira INOKUMA, Mitsuru TAGOSIMA
1999 Volume 9 Pages
249-252
Published: November 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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This paper discuss how we can determin the input data of shield-tunnel elastic FEM analysis. It especially focuses on stress release ratio, which might have something to do with tunnel diameter, not with overburden.
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Hideki NAGATANI, Takeshi SASAKURA, Hiromasa IGARASHI
1999 Volume 9 Pages
253-258
Published: November 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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Recently, a new tunneling method, called Outer-shell-driven method, is spotlighted because it can produce large section effectively. Although Terzaghi's formula and total overburden pressure is widely used to design earth pressure in various conditions, they do not clarify the earth pressure mechanism under very closely constructed condition.
To make this point clear, authors have carried out series of centrifuge model tests using trap-door apparatus. An elasto-plastic finite element analysis also was carried out to simulate the centrifuge model test. Obtained results with respect to the application of the optimum construction order can be summarized as follows.
·As for the construction order for the case of very closely constructed 3 tunnels, earth pressure distribution is most stable (small) when the central tunnel is lastly excavated.
·An elasto-plastic finite element analysis with multi-yield surface model can give reasonable earth pressure estimation quantitatively.
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Hisanobu SATO, Toru KONDA
1999 Volume 9 Pages
259-264
Published: November 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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Deep underground Utilization attracted much attention during Japan's “Bubble” economy in late 1980'. But the collapse of the bubble economy cooled down the momentum for deep underground utilization. However the number of uses of deep underground spaces are steadily increasing. The Provisional Investigation Committee for Deep Underground Utilization submitted its final report in 1998. Now the government is performing internal coordination to establish a legal system. This paper explains the correlation between legal system and technical subject.
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Sosuke KITAZAWA, Tamotsu TAMURA, Masayoshi MATSUKIDA, Masaki TAKAKU
1999 Volume 9 Pages
265-270
Published: November 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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The result of feasibility study of the incremental launching method for construction of an immersed tunnel is described in this report. Incremental launching method was originally developed for the construction of bridges. Technical concept of this method is introduced to the construction of immersed tunnel underneath the fairway in the port. Technical issues are studied through the feasibility study on some immersed tunnel. The present study shows that this new method solves most of the construction problem for the conventional method in use and reduce the construction cost.
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Takeru ARIIZUMI, Koichi OKADOME, Hiromasa IGARASHI, Junichi NAGAYA
1999 Volume 9 Pages
271-276
Published: November 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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It is known that the load acting on shield segments immediately after the segments are installed is not easy to be evaluated quantitatively nor to be modeled in the design of tunneling at the time being. In order to define quantitatively the earth pressure during tunneling, a real-scale model test is conducted. Based on the experimental results and the results from the in situ measurements. It is concluded that, the brush pressure from tail seal is rather small while, the load acting the segments during the tail of shield is passing through, is dominated by the earth pressures from back-filling or grease, and sometime may results in a large deviatoric earth pressure according to the tunneling condition.
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Takeru ARIIZUMI, Koichi OKADOME, Junichi NAGAYA
1999 Volume 9 Pages
277-282
Published: November 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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In order to evaluate the load acting on segments based on in-situ measurements, it is necessary to understand the relation between the deformation of segments, the deformation of ground, the measured earth pressure and the geometry of the segments. Up to now, because of the difficulty to conduct an in-situ measurement on the ring deformation and the joint deformation of the segments, few researches about the ring deformation and the joint behavior during tunneling are reported. In this paper, the relation between the observed load and segment deformation is examined based on the data measured at the three sites.
Furthermore, the effect of jack strength under 3-dimensional stress condition of the segments is investigated based on the data measured with the strain gauges installed on shield tunnelling segments.
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Jiro TSUNODA, Masami INOUE, Kazuhiko KANAI, Masaki MIYASHITA, Haruo HA ...
1999 Volume 9 Pages
283-288
Published: November 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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In this actuation system, a flexible maneuver of oil-pressure jack in transformed to rotary motion through crank system, and cutter is rotated. Moreover, by using oil-pressure jacks, maintenance is made easy and cost can be saved. In this experiment, it established that the revolution by the oil-pressure jacks is controlled with jack stroke. Telescopic motion of two or more jacks is overlapped and it its worked efficiently.
This results came from when it had arranged that the centerline of oil-pressure jack is not overlap, revolution torque was obtained efficiently and revolution of cutter is also stabilized was obtained as a result of this experiment.
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Shinji KONISHI, Yasushi ARAI, Koji KAYUKAWA, Osamu TUSUSAKA, Mitutaka ...
1999 Volume 9 Pages
289-294
Published: November 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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Because of limited underground space due to jamming structures, it is required to construct tunnels in unprecedentedly deep underground or in shallow underground with the accurate shield control technique. Thus, it is necessary to adopt a technique based on a theoretical model in place of the conventional technique to construct tunnels. To verify the validity of the theoretical model, precise data on shield behaviors were obtained from two tunneling sites of rail way by a newly developed survey system. This paper reports to measuring results and factors of shield behavior. As results, the followings were made clear: 1) When the jack pattern was changed frequently, the shield behavior obtained by the newly developed survey system had higher accuracy, compared with the shield behavior obtained by the conventional system. 2) When segments were erected on a curve section, the change of direction angle during advance returned to half due to the loss of jack moments, the copy cutter effect and the ground condition.
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Mitsuo KIMURA, Eiji TAKETSU, Keiichi KOBAYASHI, Osamu ISHIDA, Shinji H ...
1999 Volume 9 Pages
295-300
Published: November 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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“Minato-Mirai 21 Line” is a new subway line, constructed by Japan Railway Construction Public Corporation. It has 4.2 kilo-meters long, from Yokohama-station to (a provisional name) Motomachiterminal. This document shows tunnelling method applied at Oookagawa shield tunnel (564meters), passes under Yokohama-Port, in the middle of “Minato-Mirai 21 Line”.
Tunnel specification of this site is 7100 milli-meters diameter in parallel single line, tunnelling with high density slurry shield. Lining specification is “CONEX” segment as the first site in Japan, introduced techni que from Au stria in upper line, and Tenoned segment as the largest diameter tunnel with this type of lining in Japan, manufactured by Korea in down line.
This document shows tunnel behavior of boltless segment, verifications of degisn method propriety, and confirmation of tunnel lin g safety, about “CONEX” segment, with an alizing site measurement of selected section in this site.
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Hiroki ONO, Yukinori KOYAMA, Masataka NISHIO, Koji KAYUKAWA
1999 Volume 9 Pages
301-306
Published: November 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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Roppongi station in Metropolitan Subway Route No.12 was constructed as vertical twin tunnels. The lining structure used this shield method is formed out of specific segments. We executed the field measurement concerning the lining structure. In this measurement, we chiefly paid attention to grasp the following, 1, earth pressure for the lining structure. 2, influence of the lower tunnel on the upper shield excavation. 3, influence on lining structure when the temporary pillars were removed. As a result of the measurement, it was confirmed that this lining structure was safe concerning the behavior. In this paper, the result of the field measurement was described.
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Keizo CHISHIRO, Noboru TASHIRO, Tatsuya OKAMOTO, Yoshikazu KIDO
1999 Volume 9 Pages
307-312
Published: November 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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One way to reduce the cost and duration of shield tunneling work is to eliminate the process of secondary lining. Despite various attempts, however, practical effective joints are not yet widely used. To develop an “Auto-Chuck segment” that can provide the primary tensile force, offers mechanical properties and high-speed assembly equivalent to conventional bolted joints, and contains all the joint members inside, the authors studied the strength performance of joint sections.
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