The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between fall and performance under multiple-task condition. Subjects were 30 elderly people (12 faller and 18 non-faller). The motor performance when changing the difficulty of a gradual short-term memory task was evaluated. The relation between the difficulty of a task and ease of a fall was investigated using two-way analysis of variance. By the fall group, when the difficulty of the short-term memory task increased, the motor performance decrease. However, by the non-fall group, the motor performance was maintained regardless of the difficulty of a short-term memory task. These results suggested that short-term memory under multiple-task condition had influenced the fall in elderly people.

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This study aimed to qualitatively and quantitatively clarify characteristics of gymnasts that resulted in the interruption of a routine at the College Student Trampoline Championship. The subjects comprised all 166 athletes (86 males and 80 females) who participated in the 41st All Japan College Student Trampoline Championship held during August 25-27, 2006. Official meeting records (score sheets and digital videotapes) were used. Based on the score records and VTR images of all athletes, subjects were divided into the success group those who completed 10 elements) and the interruption group. In addition, the average point reduction and average difficulty points of all athletes were calculated separately for each gender and class. Furthermore, the element that was interrupted, the circumstances for the interruption, and the preceding skills and circumstances responsible for the interruption were extracted from VTR images. The extraction was carried out by experienced official judges. In male voluntary routines, those who experienced an interruption had performed significantly more difficult routines in all classes combined (p<0.05), and the interrupted skills were often those with relatively low difficulty points. In females, a number of athletes in class B experienced an interruption, and those who could not complete compulsory routines experienced an interruption in voluntary routines at a significantly higher rate (odds ratio, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.2-5.3), and their scores were low. Basic skills other than feet, such as back and front, were often interrupted in class C. Taken together, it was suggested that to avoid interruption, repeatedly practicing relatively easy basic skills and continuous skills was necessary.

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Objective: The color word conflict test, a frontal lobe function test, requires quite a burden for older respondents to answer all 100 items. Therefore, we made a new shortened version test and examined its reliability and validity
Methods: 144 subjects (mean age 48.0, SD 23.8), 54 university students and 90 healthy community people in Nagano, were included to assess the shortened version of Color Stroop Test along with the position Stroop test. The screening test of dementia: RDST-J was tested by those subjects aged over 60 years. To show its reliability, the shortened version of Color Stroop Test was re-tested by university students one week later.
Results & Discussion: The shortened version of Color Stroop Test consumed less time and energy than the original. The shortened version of Color Stroop Test on speed performance (complete time) was a significant correlation between the position Stroop test except for within 60 years old. These results suggest that the shortened version of Color Stroop Test is used as a simple assessment tool at any clinical settings. However, accuracy performance (the number of uncorrected errors) didn't reveal the relationship clearly.

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Purpose: the purpose of this research was to clarify the relation among fall related self-efficacy, mobility, fall history, musculoskeletal pain, and medication.
Method: we secondarily analyzed the existing data that concerns 228 community elderly who attended annual check-up about mobility and falling in 2007 and 2008. We developed fall related self-efficacy scale with illustrations to evaluate fear of falling.
Results: mean age of the samples was 76.7±5.7 years old and approximately 20% of the samples had fallen in each year. Thirty percent or more of the samples mentioned lower self-efficacy on walk in a dim place, going down stairs, walk on bumpy ground and walk in a clouded. Especially, fall related self-efficacy on walk in a dim place and walk in a clouded decreased 10 points during a year. Multiple regression analysis on the results for the predictor variables and fall related self efficacy showed that shorter step length, fall history within one year, knee pain, low back pain, over 4 types of medication were negatively significant to lower fall related self efficacy. Logistic regression analysis on the results showed that only fall history predicted the occurrence of falling in the future.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among between actual condition, knowledge of stretching exercise and sports injury in junior high school students.
Subjects were 515 junior high school students (male: 288, female: 227) in Nagano prefecture from sports clubs and culture clubs. Experience in clubs, actual condition of stretching exercise before and after physical activity, and knowledge of stretching exercise were investigated using a questionnaire. In this study, the correct answer of stretching exercise was determined “stretched muscle and surrounding tissue”. The text data, that is knowledge of stretching exercise, was classified and analyzed by the text mining method.
Statistical analysis of actual condition and knowledge of stretching exercise were as follows:
1) comparison of males and females in all subjects (non-paired t test or chi square test),
2) comparison of males and females in each groups (non-paired t test or chi square test),
3) comparison of each groups with respective gender (non-paired t test or chi square test).
The relationship between actual condition and knowledge of stretching exercise were determined using a logistic regression analysis. A significant difference was set at p<0.05.
Actual condition of stretching exercise was low before and after physical activity. False knowledge of stretching exercise increased the physical activity related pain (OR: 2.74, 95%CI: 1.02-7.38). Stretching exercise, after physical activity decreased the physical activity related pain (everyday OR: 0.10 95%CI: 0.02-0.55), (nearly every day OR: 0.21 95%CI: 0.05-0.82).
The correct knowledge of stretching exercise and practice were very important factors to consider for students and teacher.

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