身体教育医学研究
Online ISSN : 1883-0722
Print ISSN : 1345-6962
ISSN-L : 1345-6962
3 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の8件中1~8を表示しています
原著
  • 上内 哲男, 富樫 早美, 小松 泰喜, 田中 尚喜, 木村 貞治, 上岡 洋晴, 武藤 芳照
    2002 年 3 巻 1 号 p. 1-5
    発行日: 2002年
    公開日: 2008/12/26
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of the present study is to elucidate the availability and validity of screening level of a simple screening test employing the level of activities of daily living and psychological status to predict the risk of falling in order to take measures to prevent falls among nursing home residents. The subjects were 90 elderly nursing home residents. We reviewed episodes of falls for a year and analyzed the gender, number of falls, Barthel Index (BI), HDS-R and the term of admission of people to the nursing home. Results suggested that results of the BI and HDS-R are predictive of the risk of falling more than twice. Certain screening levels of the BI and the HDS-R were determined thereafter. High sensitivity and specificity of the cut-off value were 53 for the BI and 9.7 for the HDS-R. Conclusion: Because these screening tests were so simple that the tests and each screening level were practically useful as screening to prevent falls.
  • 侯 〓, 上岡 洋晴, 武藤 芳照
    2002 年 3 巻 1 号 p. 7-14
    発行日: 2002年
    公開日: 2008/12/26
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study aimed to identify the association between socioeconomic characteristics and mobility among the community-dwelling elderly in Beijing.
    The samples were 468 community-dwelling independent persons 60 years of age or older living in Xicheng, Beijing. (117 males and 351 females. Age:70±7, range 60-88) We measured physical parameters, mobility and asked about their socioeconomic characteristics using questionnaire. The physical parameters included height, weight, body mass index, and leg length. Moving abilities were determined by Good Walker's Index (Kenkyakudo) that comprised 10 meter walking time, maximum length of a step, and 40 cm-staircase steps. Balance ability was measured by tandem gait. Socioeconomic characteristics we measured included monthly income, past occupation, and family structure. We also asked co-morbid diseases.
    We found a significant negative correlation between the age and the mobility. Males in the highest income group with a monthly income of more than 1,700 Chinese dollars had in average larger body mass index and longer 10m walking time than the males in the other groups (p<0.05). Females with a monthly income of 300 Chinese dollars or less did worse in 40 cm-staircase stepping (p<0.05) and tandem gait (p<0.05). In addition, we found that the past occupation in female has a significant association with maximum length of a stepping, 40cm-staircase step, and tandem gait. Both the group of high-level white-collar workers with high income and the group of the low-income unemployed had lower ability in these measures when compared to other group.
    We consider that an appropriate physical education will be necessary that takes into account the difference of socioeconomic characteristics in China.
報告
  • -年齢および性別との関連について-
    田中 千恵, 佐久間 春夫
    2002 年 3 巻 1 号 p. 15-20
    発行日: 2002年
    公開日: 2008/12/26
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this study was to examine the fundamental developmental changes in children's motor ability in recent years.
    For this study, motor ability tests were applied to 4 kinds of events: 25 m dash, throwing a soft ball, standing long jump and timed sustaining. These tests were thought to cover the following elements of fundamental motor ability: speed, explosive strength, total body coordination and muscular staying power. Physical measurements, such as standing height, body weight and the Rohrer scale were recorded. The participants were 123 preschool children (62 boys and 61 girls) from 4 to 6 years old in 2001. Data analysis utilized the Student's t test to determine differences in motor ability according to age and sex.
    Motor ability and physique of boys and girls increased almost proportionally with increases in age. Scores for motor ability were higher among boys at almost any age than among girls. This superiority among boys was obvious in the three events: 25 m dash, throwing a soft ball and standing long jump. The score of timed sustaining was higher in 1997 than in 2001 scores. The motor ability difference is perceivable among the testees older than the age of 4, and it became greater with the increase of age.
  • -長野県北御牧村スポーツ行事を事例として-
    小林 佳澄, 上岡 洋晴, 岡田 真平, 武藤 芳照
    2002 年 3 巻 1 号 p. 21-26
    発行日: 2002年
    公開日: 2008/12/26
    ジャーナル フリー
    The connection of the changes of social background with sport festivals in Kitamimaki village, Nagano Prefecture was examined.
    Kitamimaki village, Nagano Prefecture was selected for this study. Data were collected through literatures describing sport festivals in this village and then interviewing people who involved in planning and operation of these events. We asked sixteen middle-aged to aged men and women by phone or by interview how these sport festivals were carried out.
    We found that the sport events in Kitamimaki village initially was started as Athletic Game of The Seinenkai. At that time these sport festivals played important roles in education of Japanese through athletics and in training them for the upcoming war. Afterward, these events had opened as one of measures for regional development. Since Japanese have wanted more variable choices in athletic games, people gradually have lost their interest in participating to the sport festival for regional development. The reasons may be; 1) people tend to have few children, 2) elderly population has increased, 3) young people have moved out the village and 4) people in the village have changed a sense of value, however, further analysis will be necessary. On the other hand, new sport festivals which people could learn about health and techniques have been created on the basis of Educational Ministry Guideline. Residents in the village have multiple choices of sport activity and populations who enjoy sport games are increased.
  • 征矢野 あや子, 上岡 洋晴, 岡田 真平, 高島 洋子, 中尾 幸代, 中村 恵子, 坂本 育子, 太田 美穂, 武藤 芳照
    2002 年 3 巻 1 号 p. 27-34
    発行日: 2002年
    公開日: 2008/12/26
    ジャーナル フリー
    Experiencing a fall may lead to fear of falling and a decline in an elder's quality of life, including becoming housebound and/or depressed. The purpose of this study is to evaluate a fall prevention program on mood state, fear of falling and walking ability.
    Subjects were participants in a fall prevention program at a general hospital. Persons who could not read, write or understand a questionnaire or who experienced an event that could influence their mood were excluded. They were assessed for psychological status (Profile of Mood States, POMS), Fall-related Self-Efficacy (F-SE) and walking ability at the beginning and at the end of the program. Assessment showed changes in the POMS at the end of the program. Scores decreased significantly for depression, fatigue, confusion, and total mood disturbance and improved significantly for vigor. No differences in the F-SE were found between the initial assessment and that at the end of the program. With regard to walking ability, there was improvement in 10 m walking time and Rt maximum length of step.
    In summary, the fall prevention program improved psychological QOL as well as walking ability.
  • 上岡 洋晴, 黒柳 律雄, 武藤 芳照, 上野 勝則, 岡田 真平, 横井 佳代
    2002 年 3 巻 1 号 p. 35-46
    発行日: 2002年
    公開日: 2008/12/26
    ジャーナル フリー
    The aims of this research were to determine medical and other expenses (transportation fees, purchase of medical supplies or equipment) from being hospitalized or attending a hospital due to fall-related accidents and to determine the effects of such falls on labor productivity and social activity.
    First, total medical expenses and self-paid expenses were evaluated for 7 elderly participants over the age of 65 who were hospitalized or attended an orthopedic surgery at Hospital A in Tokyo. Second, a telephone interview was conducted on 21 persons above the age of 65 who had fall-related injuries in Kitamimaki Village (Nagano Prefecture), from May 2000 to July 2001. Questions concerned the circumstance of the fall, type and location of the injury, degree of physical and mental sequelae, influence on labor productivity and social activity, conditions of hospitalization and attending a hospital (transportation and frequency), and purchases for medical supplies, etc.
    Self-paid costs from hospitalization for fractures were 1,200yen per day for cases without surgery and 1,500yen to 3,000yen per day for cases with surgery (depending on surgery method and number of hospitalization days).
    Although a large variance was observed, average of total costs without medical expenses were 15,385yen, transportation expenses were 12,714yen, and purchases were 2,671yen. Transportation cost 409yen per visit; usage of a self-owned car was less costly than use of a taxi or bus. The influence on labor productivity was mostly on housework. Only 4 cases (19%) reported limitations on social activity; these were absence from meetings or sport lessons. However, physical and mental sequelae were observed in 8 cases (38%) with throbbing pain, movement limitations, and fear of falling.
    The amount of therapy costs and other self-paid expenses from fall-related injuries were low but medical expenses are high. Results revealed the necessity of fall prevention programs.
資料
  • -スポンジテニス-
    高橋 亮輔, 上岡 洋晴, 武藤 芳照, 岡田 真平, 小林 佳澄
    2002 年 3 巻 1 号 p. 47-50
    発行日: 2002年
    公開日: 2008/12/26
    ジャーナル フリー
    Recently many fall accidents were happened, as increased the elderly. This article was to reviewed sponge- tennis that is exercise program for fall prevention in the elderly.
    Sponge-tennis is using short and light racket, compared with lawn tennis, and sponge ball. The expectation of playing sponge-tennis in the elderly is increase and maintains the ability of the balance, muscle strength and bone density.
    Sponge-tennis is enjoyable and effective exercise of fall prevention in the elderly.
  • -リズム運動-
    高橋 美絵, 山田 美穂
    2002 年 3 巻 1 号 p. 51-58
    発行日: 2002年
    公開日: 2008/12/26
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper, from an exercise instructor's standpoint, introduces: 1) risk management, 2) composition and teaching techniques, and 3) four examples of rhythmic exercises practiced in the Fall-Prevention Program for the elderly at Tokyo Koseinenkin Hospital. Here we define the purpose of rhythmic exercises as: to enjoy the whole body moving rhythmically in harmony with music in order to activate all the major muscle groups in concert. In addition, it is supposedly effective as balance training in consequence of weight shifting, such as forward, backward, side, up and down movements. It is important for these goals to apply safe, effective and enjoyable programs according to the physical conditions, physical abilities, personal favors and characteristics of participants.
    For risk management, physician and orthopedist offer thorough medical examination and consultation prior to exercise. Exercise instructors plan the contents and exercise strength of program with regard to doctor's evaluation and recommendation. Doctors and nurses attend exercise sessions.
    Composition techniques explain how to outline the program. Important factors are: time duration, exercise strength, movement patterns, music and flow of program. Teaching techniques refer to cueing and movement development.
    Four examples, each differing in exercise strength, include three standing exercises: folkdance, salsa dance and aerobic versions, and one seated exercise.
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