身体教育医学研究
Online ISSN : 1883-0722
Print ISSN : 1345-6962
ISSN-L : 1345-6962
5 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の8件中1~8を表示しています
Original Article
  • Sang-Kab PARK, Yoo-Chan KWON, Mi-Sook YOON, Eun-Hee Kim, Hyun-tae PARK
    2004 年 5 巻 1 号 p. 1-10
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2008/12/26
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of combined training on visceral fat, insulin resistance and blood lipids among the Korean middle-aged obese. Study subjects were 30 obese women who were divided into three groups: a control group (n=10, mean age 45.7), an aerobic training group (n=10, mean age 46.3) and a combined training group (n=10, mean age 45.7). The aerobic training consisted of 60% Heart Rate Reserve (intensity), 60 min/day (duration) for 6 days/week (frequency). The combined training employed resistance training (3 days/week) and aerobic training (3 days/week).
    The VO2max was significantly increased in both training groups volumes of abdominal subcutaneous fat and visceral fat decreased more in the combined training group than in the aerobic training group. Lean body mass and growth hormone were significantly increased only in the combined training group. In addition, the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index and values for total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-C were significantly decreased and the HDL-C level was significantly increased in both groups.
    In conclusion, we observed that combined training resulted in a much greater reduction of abdominal subcutaneous fat and visceral fat than aerobic training alone. Furthermore, regardless of the type of exercise, regular exercise training will aid in treatment of obesity as well as prevention of life style-related diseases through changes in body composition, serum lipid, abdominal fat and the HOMA index.
報告
  • 岡田 真平, 上岡 洋晴, 武藤 芳照, 半田 秀一
    2004 年 5 巻 1 号 p. 11-23
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2008/12/26
    ジャーナル フリー
    Expectations are high for approaches that aim to reduce the costs of medical and nursing care for bed-ridden patients in an expanding aging population. This research aimed to clarify whether a characteristic relationship exists between daily physical activity and the physical ability and medical expenses of community-dwelling elderly where nursing care and illness prevention are approached in a progressive manner.
    The study was carried out on community-dwelling elderly participating in the 2002 nursing care and illness prevention project in the Kitamimaki village of Nagano Prefecture, which has attracted attention for its achievement in nursing care and reduction of medical expenses. The participants were divided into an “active group” and a “non-active group” based on their replies to a questionnaire survey. An analysis was then performed by stratified paired matching to establish whether a relationship existed between physical activity and the physical ability and medical expenses of the past three years (51 cases) for 17 subjects (nine males, 76.7±7.4 years old, and eight females, 77.0±8.2 years old).
    The result showed that many cases of markedly high medical expenses were associated with hospitalization, and that such cases of severe illness occurred regardless of whether patients belonged to the “active group” or “non-active group”.
    On the other hand, medical expenses for outpatients tended to be higher in the “non-active group (450,414±253,273 yen)” than in the “active group (158,574±133,111 yen)”. In addition, cases with high medical expenses over a number of years were only found in the “non-active group,” which shows that non-active people tended to carry a heavier burden of daily medical expenses.
    Although this research was limited by the small number of samples, it showed some relationship between physical activity and medical expenses. It indicated a need for further monitoring.
  • -障害予防の観点から-
    高橋 亮輔, 武藤 芳照, 森 健躬
    2004 年 5 巻 1 号 p. 25-29
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2008/12/26
    ジャーナル フリー
    Objective: Measurements were taken for ranges of motion of shoulder and hip joints as well as the girths of upper and lower extremities to find potential relationships between physical characteristics and injuries in junior tennis players.
    Subjects: 14 female junior tennis players associated with a player training school (age: 12.6±1.0 years, height: 152.7±7.6 cm, weight: 43.3±6.5 kg, and BMI: 18.5±1.9). They were all right handed.
    Statistical treatment: A paired t test was used to compare dominant vs. non-dominant arms for the range of shoulder joint motion and arm girth and to compare left vs. right legs for the range of hip joint motion and leg girth. A significant difference was defined to be not more than 5% (p≤0.05).
    Results: The internal rotation (p<0.01) and total rotation (p<0.05) of the shoulder joints of dominant arms were decreased. As for the girths of the upper extremities, the girths of dominant upper arms (in flexion) (p<0.01) and the maximum girths of dominant forearms (p<0.01) were significantly larger than the corresponding girths of non-dominant arms.
    Conclusion: Because junior tennis players are expected to undergo changes in physical appearance with growth and their overhead actions involve the whole body, time-dependent measurements were taken for ranges of motion of the shoulder joint, which is in charge of the major action, and those of the hip joint, which is involved in body torsion. The measured differences (range of motion of shoulder and hip joint and the girths of upper and lower extremities) were judged to contribute to the prevention of injuries.
  • 千葉 由紀恵, 上内 哲男, 小松 泰喜, 鷲尾 和則, 高見 博弥
    2004 年 5 巻 1 号 p. 31-36
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2008/12/26
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this study is to determine the function of the lower extremities of renal failure patients who regularly have in-center hemodialysis. Studied were 49 subjects consisting of 30 men (mean age 67.9±5.6y) and 19 women (mean age 68.0±6.5y). Evaluated were the time and number of steps required to walk 10 meters as fast as possible and the maximal step length corrected for the length of the lower limb. In addition, maximal time that patients maintained an upright standing position upon one leg with the eyes open, BMI, waist-hip ratio, and serum levels of total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol were evaluated. According to the reference book of Tentou-yobou-kyoushitsu edited by The Laboratory of Physical Education and Medicine (Nagano), the times required to walk 10 meters were 5.4±1.0 and 5.7±0.9 s, respectively, in healthy 65- to 69-year-old men and women. These values were nearly 2 s lower than the corresponding values in the hemodialysis patients (7.9±2.3 s in men and 8.1±2.0 s in women). Values of the step length index were 137.4 (18.6%) and 127.2 (14.9%), respectively, in healthy men and women, whereas corresponding values in the patient groups were 99.7 (25.4%) in men and 104.5 (22.9%) in women. These findings suggest that the subjects on hemodialysis had inferior function of the lower extremities in comparison with the healthy elderly.
資料
  • -名伯楽の科学-
    石井 宏, 田口 信教, 松瀬 学, 武藤 芳照
    2004 年 5 巻 1 号 p. 37-44
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2008/12/26
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study was aimed to examine relationship between wise words of sport coachs and athletes' performances.
    We used, as an instance, relationship between the late Mr.Kazuomi Tokuda, who was called one of the best coach in the world of swimming and Nobutaka Taguchi, gold medalist of the 1972 Olympic in Munich. By that we examined, with the interview to Taguchi, words spoken in the situation of coaching, how the words were told to the athletes and how effective they were.
    As the result, some points were indicated as follows.
    (1) There is a necessity of eyes to find athlete's gift and talent, words to stimulate athlete's motivation to improve.
    (2) Athlete's come into bloom and become successful only when hard practice and training are continued under a coach with superior gift and talent. And also it is essential to praise athletes skillfully to make them feel confident.
    (3) Strict practice and hard training are of course necessary, but dogma that admires guts and takes too much credit in those should be excluded.
    (4) There is a need to think positively even he or she faces failures or discouragements.(5) Before a match or a game, it is important for an athlete to imagine herself or himself of the future as a winner of the following match.
    Moreover, mutual trust must be the foundation of cases which words from a coach have influence to heighten performances of an athlete.
  • -長野県北御牧村を事例にして-
    小林 佳澄, 岡田 真平, 横井 佳代, 上岡 洋晴
    2004 年 5 巻 1 号 p. 45-58
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2008/12/26
    ジャーナル フリー
    In Japan, a rapidly aging society, it is considered important for the “extension of healthy life expectancy” to offer health information and advice to the young generation as well as improving nursing care for the elderly. These approaches are expected to maintain or improve the quality of life (QOL) of senior citizens themselves and to reduce the nursing and economic burdens of family members and the medical care costs of regional governments.
    Physical exercise has a clear effect on the maintenance and improvement of health. Increased physical activity and acquisition of exercise habits are important for a country with an aging population.
    A survey by questionnaire was conducted of inhabitants of the agricultural village to clarify the status of awareness and activities concerning health and physical exercises.
    The result showed that 90.0% of the participants were interested in health and that 25.1% were conscious of “physical exercise” as a life habit important for health. In addition,“pleasure of physical exercise”,“adequate physical vigor”, and “friends to talk to about health” rather than “interest in health” were closely related with the amount of physical activity of the regional inhabitants.
    In order for the regional inhabitants to increase the amount of physical activity in daily life and advance to actually practice physical exercise and sports, it is necessary to develop a deeper understanding of the effects of physical exercise on the maintenance and improvement of health as well as instill the attitude that “physical exercise is pleasant”.
  • -中高年の新たな運動プログラムの一手法として-
    高橋 美絵, 上岡 洋晴
    2004 年 5 巻 1 号 p. 59-66
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2008/12/26
    ジャーナル フリー
    Increasing studies have reported the positive effects of Tai Chi Chuan on postural balance and fall prevention in last decade. At the same time, Tai Chi Chuan has been one of the popular hobbies of health and fitness purpose for middle-aged and elderly people in Japan for a few decades, not to mention Taiwan and China. In the growing aging society, it is one of the big challenges faced by people and the government to remain healthy and active through middle-age and elderly days to cherish longevity. Physical exercise and lifestyle improvement have been spotlighted as effective preventive measures of great necessity. The goal of this report is: 1) to briefly review the effects of Tai Chi Chuan on postural balance and fall prevention from the latest studies, 2) to introduce its history, principles and characteristics of posture and movement, and 3) to give an example of practice method for the middleaged and elderly.
  • 横井 佳代, 上岡 洋晴, 小林 佳澄, 高橋 亮輔, 岡田 真平
    2004 年 5 巻 1 号 p. 67-73
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2008/12/26
    ジャーナル フリー
    This research aimed to systematically organize guidance and operational methods for health workshop using hot springs and to clarify problems based on actual cases.
    Participants in the workshop were solicited among women of middle and advanced ages who lived in the Kitamimaki village of Nagano Prefecture and received scheduled health evaluations. The health workshop, once a week for 12 weeks, combined guidance on lifestyle and physical exercise (about one hour: guidance on stretching, walking, light sports, and proper eating) with bathing after the guidance (about one hour: hot spring with sodium-containing chlorides). Furthermore, self-monitoring was included in the program to stimulate the participants to changes in lifestyle. Particular attention was paid to safety because this workshop was for women of middle and advanced ages.
    The practice of the workshop programs to provide specific guidance in addition to knowledge and information is considered an effective way for the participants to establish and maintain desirable life habits after the completion of the workshop. Utilization of a “hot spring” is also considered effective for prompting them to participate in the workshop.
    “Health workshop using hot spring” was carried out for women of middle and advanced ages, and it was able to prompt them in the direction of desirable life habits. In addition, the participants expressed the view that it was a good trigger for awareness on nursing care and illness prevention.
    The following were problems of the workshop: (1) It was a complex program that could be carried out only by a complete staff with expert knowledge and skills; in the foreseeable future it could not be easily practiced by other facilities and local governments; (2) a desire to invest in health for “protecting one's own health” should be questioned and established when the participation fee is collected; and (3) a follow-up system should be established for participants who dropped out halfway through the program.
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