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Volume 1, Issue 1
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Fumio MATSUMURA, H. J. BENEZET, K. C. PATIL1976 Volume 1 Issue 1 Pages 3-8
Published: February 20, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe insecticide γ-BHC (gamma isomer of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-hexachlorocyclohexane) was metabolized by 71 of 354 microorganisms (bacteria, and fungi) isolated from the environment. One of these isolates, a strain of Pseudomonas putida, was selected for nutrient and metabolic studies. Two metabolic patterns for the metabolism of γ-BHC were detected in this organism, depending on the nutritional properties of the medium. The most common is a dehydrochlorination pathway where γ-PCCH (1, 3, 4, 5, 6-pentachlorocyclohex-1-ene) is formed as one of the major products. The second pathway is a more complex NAD dependent pathway involving the production of large amounts of γ-BTC (3, 4, 5, 6-tetrachlorocyclohex-1-ene). α-BHC is formed as a by-product of this second metabolic activity. Further degradation of γ-BTC appears to proceed via an FAD dependent reductive dechlorination mechanism. In P. putida the ring opening process takes place on aromatic rings with only a few chlorines such as benzene, monochloro- or at most dichlorobenzenes via an oxidative route to yield CO2. Thus a combination of these three different metabolic systems is required to complete the degradation of γ-BHC in P. putida for the second pathway.View full abstractDownload PDF (688K) -
Junshi MIYAMOTO, Kazumasa MIHARA, Shunji HOSOKAWA1976 Volume 1 Issue 1 Pages 9-21
Published: February 20, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCarbon-14-Sumithion labeled at m-methyl position of the phenol moiety, when administered orally to rats, rabbits, mice and dogs, is readily absorbed and distributed into various tissues. Elimination of the tissue radiocarbons is rapid and complete, majorly into urine, and no accumulation of the compound in the animal body is presumed. Desmethylation products such as desmethylsumithion and desmethylsumioxon constitute one group of major metabolic products accounting for 10% (rabbits) up to 55% (dogs) of the urinary radioactivity. Most of the remaining metabolites consist of phenolic compounds free and conjugated, rabbits exceeding other mammalian species in this respect. Thus, total 3-methyl-4-nitrophenols account for one third (dogs) to three quarters (rabbits) of the urinary radiocarbons. The 4 mammalian species are invariably active in conjugating the phenolic compounds, majorly with sulfate and to a lesser extent, with β-glucuronic acid. The urine of rabbits and rats contains several metabolites with reduced nitro group, including desmethylaminosumithion, 3-methyl-4-aminophenyl sulfate, 4-formylamino-3-methylphenol, its glucuronide and 4-acetylamino-3-methylphenol. Rabbits excrete traces of aminosumithion and sumioxon. No Sumithion is ever detected in the pooled urine of these animals.View full abstractDownload PDF (3004K) -
Tadashi MIYATA, Tetsuo SAITO1976 Volume 1 Issue 1 Pages 23-29
Published: February 20, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLC50 values of five strains of the green rice leafhopper, Odawara, Koga, Nangoku, Kagami and Geisei, against malathion were 21.1, 311, 1, 760, 2, 740 and 2, 140ppm, respectively. Eight esterase bands were detected by thin layer agar gel electrophoresis, and malathion resistant strains showed higher β-naphthyl acetate hydrolyzing activity of E1, E2, E3 and E4 bands than susceptible one. In vitro degradation of 14C-methyl malathion by the homogenate of leafhoppers was 5.6, 16.0 and 21.2 times higher in Koga, Nangoku and Kagami strains than in Odawara strain. In vitro degradation of 14C-methyl malathion by the enzymes separated by thin layer agar gel electrophoresis showed that E1, E2 and E3 bands showed the degradation activity with the highest activity on the E2 band. Susceptibility of the leafhopper head cholinesterase against malaoxon was 1/1.9 and 1/9.2 in Koga and Nangoku strains to Odawara strain, respectively. The combination of two resistance factors, in vitro degradation of 14C-methyl malathion and cholinestrerase susceptibility to malaoxon were 5.6×1.9=10.6 and 16.0×9.2=147.2 in Koga and Nangoku strains, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (899K) -
Studies on the mode of action of polyoxins. Part VIIMasahiro HORI, Kazuo KAKIKI, Tomomasa MISATO1976 Volume 1 Issue 1 Pages 31-40
Published: February 20, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA decrease of the uptake of 14C-polyoxin A or 14C-B was closely correlated with the increased level of polyoxin resistance in various strains of Alternaria kikuchiana. The inhibitions of both mycelial growth and 14C-glucosamine incorporation into cell-wall chitin were lowered with decreasing 3H-polyoxin A uptake. The amount of 14C-polyoxin A or 3H-accumulated in a highly resistant strain was less than 10% of that in a sensitive strain. The largest proportion of 14C-polyoxin A in the sensitive mycelia was in the fraction consisting mainly of cytoplasma. The antibiotic in the resistant mycelia was adsorbed largely on the fraction of mycelial debris. The uptake of 14C-polyoxin A by the sensitive strain varied with its concentration and pH, and was inhibited by sodium azide, blasticidin S and Triton X-100, while the uptake by the resistant strain was slightly affected by these compounds. Sensitive and resistant strains inactivated polyoxins A and B mixture to the similar extent. The inactivation of polyoxin A was due to a degradation of the antibiotic. The degradation activity of different strains was independent of their polyoxin sensitivity.View full abstractDownload PDF (2866K) -
Izuru YAMAMOTO, Tadaaki UNAI, Yoshiki SUZUKI, Yoshio KATSUDA1976 Volume 1 Issue 1 Pages 41-48
Published: February 20, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAllethrin, tetramethrin, resmethrin and furamethrin are included in beta-cyclodextrin in 1:2 molar ratio. Resmethrin gives also products with higher resmethrin contents, which are referred to as pseudo-inclusion compounds. An inclusion compound is also formed from a purified pyrethrin preparation. The included pyrethroids are stabilized from environmental conditions, particularly from photodecomposition. Both acid and alcohol moieties of free allethrin and resmethrin suffer photochemical attack, more on the acid for allethrin and more on the alcohol for resmethrin. The inclusion retards such alterations, more on the acid moiety for both pyrethroids. The inclusion seems to decrease the typical contact insecticidal activity of the pyrethroids, but under conditions which allow to release free pyrethroids, the innate insecticidal activity is liberated.View full abstractDownload PDF (1007K) -
Studies on the Metabolism of Benthiocarb. Part IIIKanji ISHIKAWA, Yasuo NAKAMURA, Shozo KUWATSUKA1976 Volume 1 Issue 1 Pages 49-57
Published: February 20, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLaboratory experiments were conducted on the persistence and the degradation products of benthiocarb (4-chrolobenzyl N, N-diethylthiolcarbamate) in soil, using 14C-labeled and unlabeled benthiocarb. The radioactive substances extracted with organic solvents from soil consisted mainly of parent benthiocarb with small amounts of degradation products. About 20 radioactive spots were detected by thin layer chromatography. Desethyl benthiocarb, benthiocarb sulfoxide, 4-chlorobenzoic acid, 2-hydroxy benthiocarb and 4-chlorobenzyl methyl sulfone were identified as relatively major products, and 4-chlorobenzyl methyl sulfoxide and 4-chlorobenzyl alcohol, as minor ones. The degradation rates of benthiocarb and six related compounds in soil were also compared.View full abstractDownload PDF (1143K) -
Tetsuya SUDA, Naoki IWATA, Kaname YAMADA1976 Volume 1 Issue 1 Pages 59-63
Published: February 20, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFrom the result of two field investigations on the absorbing rate of dieldrin in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) fruits harvested under the indoor-culture, it was suggested that the fruits harvested in summer was higher than that in autumn. The differences between the two cropping seasons were revealed that the cucumber harvested in summer was grafted on the squash (Cucurbita spp.) stocks (Kurodane or Tetsukabuto) and, on the other hand, that in autumn was natural seedling. This consideration was confirmed from the comparison that the grafted cucumber used Tetsukabuto as stock had higher absorbing rate of dieldrin or endrin than the natural seedling in pot. The examination for the purpose to reduce the absorbing rate of dieldrin or endrin in cucumber fruit used the nine cucurbitaceous plants as stocks, recovered that in the three stocks of Shirouri (Cucumis melo var. conomon), Daihyotan (Lagenaria lencantha var. Gourda) and Yugao (Lagenaria vulgaris var. hispida), the absorbing rate of dieldrin and endrin in cucumber fruit was lower than natural seedling one. Among these three stocks above mentioned, it looks like most promising to use Yugao as stock plant in point of view to reduce the absorption of dieldrin and endrin by cucumber fruit.View full abstractDownload PDF (615K) -
Hiroaki NAKAMURA1976 Volume 1 Issue 1 Pages 65-69
Published: February 20, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (727K)
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