Journal of Pesticide Science
Online ISSN : 1349-0923
Print ISSN : 1348-589X
ISSN-L : 0385-1559
Volume 10, Issue 1
Displaying 1-24 of 24 articles from this issue
  • Pharmacological Studies on Control of the Xanthomonas Bacteria Diseases (Part 2)
    Youichiro OKIMOTO, Kazuaki HIGASHI, Tadayuki ISHIYAMA
    1985 Volume 10 Issue 1 Pages 1-6
    Published: February 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The earlier comparative study on glucose catabolism of three pathovars of Xanthomonas species in this laboratory revealed that a set of glucose catabolizing enzymes was specifically induced in the presence of glucose when Xanthomonas campestris pv, oryzae was precultured on succinate as a sole carbon source. In this study, it was further demonstrated that the determination of O2 uptake and enzymic activities of various inducible enzymes in the glucose catabolism with regard to Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae showed the repression of the activities of 6-phosphofructokinase (EC 2. 7. 1. 11), phosphopyruvate hydratase (EC 4. 2. 1. 11) and phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (EC 1. 1. 1. 43) in the presence of sub-lethal concentration of streptomycin (100ppm) or chloramphenicol (100ppm) excluding the cases of other three Xanthomonas campestris pathovars.
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  • Sameeh A. MANSOUR, Montaha S. AL-HASSAN
    1985 Volume 10 Issue 1 Pages 7-10
    Published: February 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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    Residues of pirimiphos-mcthyl (I) and some of its degradation products were determined in dates, following insecticide application on palm trees, by a gas chromatographic method. Residues of pirimiphos-methyl decreased sharply within 15 days after application, and then declined slowly all through the season. The hydroxy-pyrimidine compound (IV) was the only degradation product found in significant amounts, while the oxygen analog of pirimiphos-methyl (II) was detected in trace amounts. Neither the N-desethylamino derivative (III) nor the other pyrimidinol ones (V & VI) could be detected in dates.
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  • The Piperaceae Amides (Part 6)
    Masakazu MIYAKADO, Isamu NAKAYAMA, Ayumu INOUE, Makoto HATAKOSHI, Nobu ...
    1985 Volume 10 Issue 1 Pages 11-17
    Published: February 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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    The present paper describes the synthetic methods of dihydropipercide [N-isobutyl-11-(3, 4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-(2E, 4E)-2, 4-undecadienamide] analogues and their structure-insecticidal activity relationships with respect to the amine and the carbon chain moieties. It has been discovered that the terminal benzyl group could be replaced by a phenoxy group without loss of activity and N-isobutyl-12-(3, 4-methylenedioxyphenoxy)-3-methyl-(2E, 4E)-2, 4-dodecadienamide was selected as the most potent insecticidal amide in this group against Callosobruchus chinensis (adzuki bean weevil). This amide also revealed noticeable toxicities against Chilo suppressalis (rice stem borer) as well as Musca domestica (housefly).
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  • Gerhard SANDMANN, Peter M. BRAMLEY, Peter BÖGER
    1985 Volume 10 Issue 1 Pages 19-24
    Published: February 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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    New herbicidal compounds, CGA 22867, LS 80707, LS 80717, MB 38183, as well as AMO 1618 have been shown to interfere with enzymes of the carotenogenic pathway. Other reactions in the photosynthetic apparatus (i. e., electron transport, peroxidative processes) were not affected. With a cell-free enzyme system from Aphanocapsa, which converts phytoene into β-carotene, it was demonstrated that phytoene desaturase is inhibited by CGA 22867, MB 38183, LS 80707, and LS 80717. Furthermore, the activity of ξ-carotene desaturase was also decreased with LS 80707. The cyclase inhibitor AMO 1618 had an inhibitory effect on lycopene cyclase, the third enzyme in the reaction sequence from phytoene to β-carotene. The inhibitory properties of all of these compounds were rather similar in vitro and in vivo.
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  • The Piperaceae Amides (Part 7)
    Masakazu MIYAKADO, Isamu NAKAYAMA, Ayumu INOUE, Makoto HATAKOSHI, Nobu ...
    1985 Volume 10 Issue 1 Pages 25-30
    Published: February 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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    In this series of communications, we have reported the isolation of an unsaturated amide, namely dihydropipercide [N-isobutyl-11-(3, 4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-(2E, 4E)-2, 4-undecadienamide] as well as two structually related amides as insecticidal principles from fruits of Piper nigrum L. This communication describes the structure-insecticidal activity relation-ships of the phenoxy analogues of dihydropipercide. As a result, N-isobutyl-12-(3-Br, 3-Cl or 3-CF3 phenoxy)-(2E, 4E)-2, 4-dodecadienamides were selected as the most toxic compounds against Callosobruchus chinensis (adzuki bean weevil, about ten times as toxic as dihydropipercide). These selected amides revealed noticeable toxicities against Chilo suppressalis (rice stem borer), Musca domestica (housefly) and Spodoptera litura (tobacco cutworm). Electro-physiological study of the 3-CF3 phenoxy derivative indicated that it acts on the central nerve cord as a neurotoxic principle. The amide caused Periplaneta americana (American cockroach) to knockdown by injection while the amide did not reveal knockdown effect when the same dosage was applied topically.
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  • Yoshitsugu ODANAKA, Noriko TSUCHIYA, Osami MATANO, Shinko GOTO
    1985 Volume 10 Issue 1 Pages 31-39
    Published: February 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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    The metabolic fate of the fungicide MAF [ferric methanearsonate; (CH3AsO3)3Fe2] was studied in 3 cultivated soils under laboratory conditions. In the flooded soils, the monomethyl arsenic moiety of MAF disappeared with half-lives of 11-28 days. The primary product was an inorganic-arsenic (Inorg-As). Dimethyl-arsenic (DM-As) and trimethyl-arsenic (TM-As) compounds were also detected. The fates of sodium arsenate, dimethylarsinic acid and trimethylarsine oxide corresponding to the MAF metabolites were examined. The results indicate that ultimate fate of MAF is transformation to Inorg-As species. The fate of MAF was examined in the soils under 4 different conditions. Evolution of gaseous arsines was observed only in the soil amended with glucose under flooded conditions, and the TM-As was the principal component. The fate of MAF was compared with that of disodium methanearsonate (DSMA) under the similar 4 conditions of soils. The results indicate that MAF is much more persistent than DSMA, especially in moist soil.
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  • Shin KUROGOCHI, Masako KATAGIRI, Iwao TAKASE, Yasuhiko UESUGI
    1985 Volume 10 Issue 1 Pages 41-46
    Published: February 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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    Three typical strains of Pyricularia oryzae with varied sensitivity against phosphorothiolate fungicides [sensitive (S), moderately resistant (MR) and resistant (R)] metabolized edifenphos (O-ethyl S, S-diphenyl phosphorodithioate, Hinosan®) at a different rate. The metabolic rate of edifenphos was followed by the order of sensitivity of strains, i. e., S>MR>R. The metabolic sites were (I) P-S bond cleavage (S>MR>R=O), (II) S-C bond cleavage (SMR>R=O), and (III) hydroxylation at p-position of phenyl ring (S, MR>R). Among the metabolic pathways, the P-S bond cleavage I is presumed to be responsible for the sensitivity of P. oryzae.
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  • Iwao TAKASE, Hiroshi OYAMA
    1985 Volume 10 Issue 1 Pages 47-53
    Published: February 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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    The uptake and bioconcentration of disulfoton (O, O-diethyl S-2-ethylthioethyl phosphorodithioate) and its oxidation compounds, sulfoxide and sulfone in carp were investigated by a continuous flow water system. Disulfoton concentration in fish increases rapidly after exposure to chemical and remains constant. No increase of bioconcentration factor (BCF) was observed with longer exposure and concentration in water. The BCF of disulfoton in carp was approximately 450. On transference of fish to fresh water free of disulfoton, the chemical disappeared quite rapidly from the fish body. The BCF of disulfoton sulfoxide and sulfone which are the ultimate residue compounds in the environment showed very low values. A significant correlation was found between the BCF in fish and the partition coefficient between n-octanol and water.
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  • Takashi MITSUI, Mituru TADA, Chieko NOBUSAWA, Isamu YAMAGUCHI
    1985 Volume 10 Issue 1 Pages 55-60
    Published: February 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The midguts from the last instar larvae of the cabbage armyworm, Mamestra brassicae L., were incubated in the Grace's medium containing 14C-N-acetylglucosamine with or without diflubenzuron. Accumulation of 14C-UDP-N-acetylglucosamine was observed in the diflubenzuron-treated midguts. The phospholipid composition was examined in the midguts after they had been incubated in the presence of 14C-acetic acid as a precursor. No difference was observed between the diflubenzuron-treated and the untreated midguts. When the midguts were turned inside out, ligated at the both ends, incubated in the presence of 14C-N-acetylglucosamine, and then, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine in the medium as well as in the tissues and chitin were separately analyzed, the total radio-activity transported through the microvilli membranes in the diflubenzuron-treated midguts was less than that in the control midguts. 14C-UDP-N-acetylglucosamine was also found to accumulate in the treated tissues. From these results, the mode of action of diflubenzuron seems to be the inhibition of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transport through the biomembrane.
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  • Gozyo SAKATA, Kenzi MAKINO, Yasuo KAWAMURA, Takashi IKAI
    1985 Volume 10 Issue 1 Pages 61-67
    Published: February 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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    Several derivatives of heterocyclicoxy phenoxy propanoic acid derivatives have been known as selective herbicide. During extensive investigations on the series with various condensed heterocyclic moieties, the quinoxalinyloxy phenoxy propanoic acid derivatives were found to show an excellent herbicidal activity against grass weeds. Data of herbicidal activities of 22 derivatives of 2-[4-(2-quinoxalinyloxy) phenoxy] propanoic acid against annual and perennial weeds were described. Among them, the title compound, (code No. NCI-96683), especially showed potent herbicidal activity against both annual and perennial grasses, i. e., Echinochloa crus-galli, Digitaria sanguinalis, Eleusine indica, Setaria viridis, Panicum dichotomiflorum, Avena fatua and Sorghum halepence with no significant phytotoxicity to broadleaf crops such as Glysine max (soybean), Gossypium spp. (cotton), Beta vulgaris (sugarbeet) and Brassica napus L. (rapeseed). In the field trials, this herbicide effectively controlled annual grasses at the rate of 0.05-0.15kg a. i./ha and perennial grasses at the rate of 0.11-0.22kg a. i./ha. It is proposed as a potent novel post emergence herbicide.
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  • Gozyo SAKATA, Kenzi MAKINO, Katsushi MORIMOTO, Takashi IKAI, Shinji HA ...
    1985 Volume 10 Issue 1 Pages 69-73
    Published: February 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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    Optically active ethyl (R)-(+) and (S)-(-)-2-[4-(6-chloro-2-quinoxalinyloxy) phenoxy]-propanoate ((R)-(+)-1 and (S)-(-)-1) were synthesized from (S)-(+)-lactic acid: (S)-(+)-lactic acid was converted to ethyl O-(p-toluenesulfonyl)-(S)-(-)-lactate, ethyl O-methane-sulfonyl-(S)-(-)-lactate, ethyl (R)-(+)-2-chloropropanoate and ethyl-(R)-(+)-2-bromopro-panoate, respectively. Each intermediate was condensed with 4-(6-chloro-2-quinoxalinyloxy)-phenol (2) to afford (R)-(+) and (S)-(-)-1. Optical purities were determined by the 200MHz 1H NMR spectroscopic measurement using shift reagent, Eu(HFC)3. It was assumed that optically pure (R)-(+)-1 would have [α]20D+35.2°(CHCl3, c=1.20%). The growth inhibiting activity against rice plants in petridish and the post-emergence herbicidal activity against Setaria viridis were examined. The strong correlation was observed between the content of (R)-(+)-isomer and biological activity. It was assumed that optically pure (R)-(+)-1 was approximately two fold more active than the racemate and optically pure (S)-(-)-1 was low active or inactive.
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  • Gozyo SAKATA, Kenzi MAKINO, Kazuya KUSANO, Jun SATOW, Takashi IKAI, Ko ...
    1985 Volume 10 Issue 1 Pages 75-79
    Published: February 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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    Optically pure ethyl (R)-(+) and (S)-(-)-2-[4-(6-chloro-2-quinoxalinyloxy) phenoxy] propanoate ((R)-(+)-1 and (S)-(-)-1) were synthesized from the corresponding propanoic acids ((R)-(+)-1-acid and (S)-(-)-1-acid), which were prepared from the racemic compound by optical resolution with cinchonidine and cinchonine. Both (R)-(+) and (S)-(-)-1-acid were converted into the corresponding acyl chlorides followed by the reaction with ethanol in the presence of pyridine to afford optically pure (R)-(+) and (S)-(-)-1, respectively. Optical purity was determined by the measurement of 200MHz NMR spectra using Eu(HFC)3 shift reagent and by the preferential crystallization. It became clear that optically pure (R)-(+)-1 had [α]20D+39.9° (CHCl3, c=1.20%). The growth inhibiting activity against rice plants in petridish and the post-emergence herbicidal activity against Echinochloa crus-galli and Digitaria adscendens were examined. The herbicidal activity was influenced mainly by chiral center at the propanoic acid moiety and the (R)-(+)-isomer was the most active.
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  • Kiyoshi SATO, Yasuhiro KATO, Shin-ichi MAKI, Osami MATANO, Shinko GOTO
    1985 Volume 10 Issue 1 Pages 81-90
    Published: February 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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    Penetration, translocation, and metabolism of a fungicide guazatine-triacetate (TA), 1, 1′-iminodi (octamethylene) diguanidine triacetate, in dwarf apple trees (Malus pumila sp., cv. ‘Inu-apple’) were determined over a period of 12 weeks under laboratory conditions by using 14C-labeled guazatine-TA. Autoradiographic studies showed that (1) no observable movement of the radiocarbon in the apple leaves occurred following foliar application of 14C-guazatine-TA to either adaxial or abaxial surface of the leaves, and (2) the rate of penetration of 14C into the apple fruits was extremely slow and a major part of 14C was retained on the surface after surface application of 14C-guazatine-TA. The results of quantitative determination for 14C in 14C-guazatine-TA treated leaves indicated the following: (1) the rate of 14C-disappearance from the leaves was exceedingly slow (T1/2=67 weeks) with approximately 87% of the applied 14C being located in the treated leaves even after 12 weeks, and (2) the radiocarbon had poorly penetrated in the leaf tissues (21% of the applied 14C after 12 weeks). Quantitative determination of 14C in the fruits also confirmed the results of the autoradiographic observation for the fruits. The radioactive compounds dislodged from the surface of both leaves and fruits principally consisted of intact guazatine. Furthermore, several phototrans-formation products (a major product (Pm) and a few minor ones) were also detected, indicating the occurrence of photolysis of 14C-guazatine on the surfaces. The extracts from both the leaves and fruits also comprised intact guazatine as a primary radioactive component and photolysis products. Thus it appeared that guazatine and the photoproducts penetrated in the plant tissues were highly resistant to the plant metabolism. Translocation of the radiocarbon from the 14C-guazatine-TA treated leaves to symplasts (fruits and newly developed leaves after treatment) was negligible.
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  • Kiyoshi SATO, Yasuhiro KATO, Shin-ichi MAKI, Osami MATANO, Shinko GOTO
    1985 Volume 10 Issue 1 Pages 91-100
    Published: February 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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    The photolysis of 14C-labeled guazatine-triacetate (TA), 1, 1′-iminodi(octamethylene)-diguanidine triacetate, was investigated in the solid state as a thin film on glass surfaces. When guazatine-TA was irradiated by artificial sunlight lamps (12hr/day), the compound initially underwent a rapid degradation (T1/2=39.8hr) and was then photolysed slowly (T1/2=912hr). A major photoproduct (Pm) and other minor ones were concomitantly produced, and the amounts of the products increased with the decrease in the amount of intact guazatine. After a 336hr irradiation, the amounts of Pm and the sum of the minor photoproducts accounted for 31.2% and 37.7% of the applied radiocarbon, respectively. The photolysis of 14C-guazatine-TA by natural sunlight was quantitatively and qualitatively comparable to that by the artificial sunlight. After isolation of Pm by thin-layer chromatography, the guanidine moieties of Pm were chemically converted to pyrimidine rings, and infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectral data were compared with those of the pyrimidine derivative of guazatine. The data indicated that Pm was formed by (1) photo-oxidation of the methylene group (probably 4 position) to the carbonyl group and (2) methylation of one of the methylene group (probably 3 or 5 position). In addition, one of the minor photo-products was identified as the photo-oxidation product of guazatine, which was considered to be an intermediate in the formation of Pm.
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  • Masakazu MIYAKODO, Keisuke WATANABE, Nobuo OHNO, Fukuji NONAKA, Akira ...
    1985 Volume 10 Issue 1 Pages 101-106
    Published: February 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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    An antimicrobial substance, named as eriobofuran (Ia) was isolated from loquat leaves [Eriobotrya japonica L. (Rosaceae)] inoculated with Entomosporium eriobotryae, a host-pathogenic fungus. The structure of eriobofuran was deduced to be 2, 4-dimethoxy-3-hydroxy-dibenzofuran by spectroscopic, chemical evidence and biosynthetic considerations. Its structure was confirmed by direct comparison with a synthetic specimen of eriobofuran ethyl ether. Eriobofuran inhibited strongly the spore germination and germ tube growth of Pestalotia funerea, a host-pathogenic fungus of loquat tree.
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  • Yoshiyuki HANKAWA
    1985 Volume 10 Issue 1 Pages 107-112
    Published: February 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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    The fate of molinate in surface water of paddies and rivers was investigated in two river systems of Hiroshima Pref. using Mamet® granules (molinate 8%, symetryne 1.5%, MCPB 0.8%). In the paddy water, the maximum concentration occurred within a day after application of the granules irrespective of the degree of leaking. The half-lives in the heavily leaking paddies fell in with 0.6 day, and the half-lives in the slightly leaking paddies with or without overflowing water fell in with 2.5 or 4.4 days, respectively. In the river water, the maximum concentration was higher and reached later in the river with smaller discharge than in the one with larger discharge. The half-lives in the river with smaller discharge in the average and year of increased discharge by rain fall fell in with 6.6 or 5.4 days respectively, and the half-lives in the river with larger discharge fell in with 1.9 days. Total molinate amount which flowed from paddies into rivers was estimated to be 3-4% of the applied one irrespective of the degree of leaking, precipitation and river discharge.
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  • Koichiro KOMAI, Jun-ichi IWAMURA, Toyoshige MORITA, Masayuki HAMADA
    1985 Volume 10 Issue 1 Pages 113-117
    Published: February 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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    Effects of 6 kaurene glucosides on α-amylase biosynthesis in barley seeds and malts were investigated. When barley seeds and malts were incubated with steviolbioside, rebaudioside B, stevioside A3, dulcoside A, rebaudioside C and stevioside, activities of α-amylase extracted from the incubated mixtures were found to be remarkably higher than those of the incubates without the glucosides. These compounds also induced α-amylase in embryoless barley seeds, showing a remarkable increase of reducing sugar content. However, the concentrations needed to induce the activity were much higher than that of GA3. Iso-steviol did not show such activity. This increase in α-amylase activity was presumed to be based on the same mode of action as steviol.
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  • Kaoru OHMORI, Yutaka WATANABE, Taizo NAKAGAWA
    1985 Volume 10 Issue 1 Pages 119-124
    Published: February 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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    A new soil fungicide, S-(4-methylsulfonyloxyphenyl) N-methylthiocarbamate (methasulfocarb, Kayabest®, NK-191), was tested against seedling blight of rice plant caused by several different pathogens with the small scale plastic nursery box, which was 1/10 the size of an ordinary nursery box of rice plant. Methasulfocarb 10D, applied once before seeding by incorporation with nursery box soil included both bed soil and cover soil which had been artificially infested with pathogens at the rate of 60-100mg a. i. per 500ml soil, was equal to or better than the standard rate of control chemicals for control of seedling blight of rice plant which was caused by four major pathogens, namely Rhizopus chinensis, Fusarium roseum, Pythium graminicolum, Trichoderma viride and another pathogen Corticium rolfsii in young rice seedling. Methasulfocarb 10D provided better control of seedling blight of rice plant with single soil application before seeding at the rate of 100mg a. i. per 500ml nursery box soil than the standard rate of control chemicals in medium matured rice seedling which had a longer nursery growing period than the young rice seedlings. Therefore it is suggested that methasulforcarb is a new soil fungicide for the control of seedling blight of rice plant with a broad spectrum of fungicidal activity to several different pathogens at a single soil application before seeding and with long enough residual activity to control the disease in medium matured rice seedling.
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  • Masaaki IMANAKA, Seiji HINO, Kazuyoshi MATSUNAGA, Tatsuo ISHIDA
    1985 Volume 10 Issue 1 Pages 125-134
    Published: February 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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    In order to study the fate of oxadiazon in the field, the residue level in river water and crucian carps was investigated in the area near Lake Kojima where a large amount of it was applied. The sampling period was from 1980 to 1982. All the year oxadiazon was detected in the surface water of Lake Kojima, the Sasagase and the Seno River. Moreover, it was also detected in crucian carps living in Lake Kojima. The level was several hundred times higher in the latter than the former. Time course of the level in crucian carps showed a very similar pattern to that in river water, which indicated that the residue level reflected directly the level of contamination of the water in which they live, almost without any time lag. The values of biological concentration factor were mostly in the range 200-400 irrespective of whether the level in fish is low or high. The degradation experiment in the model system showed that oxadiazon might be very stable in the environment. This result compared well with that in the field. Mass spectrometry and mass chromatography identified oxadiazon from the crucian carps (March 12, 1981) in which 0.017ppm was detected on ECD gaschromatogram.
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  • Keiichiro NISHIMURA, Toshio FUJITA
    1985 Volume 10 Issue 1 Pages 135-136
    Published: February 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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    In our recent report of quantitative structure-activity relationships of DDT-type and related compounds, some of the physicochemical parameters should be corrected. Reanalyses showed that results scarcely differ from those described previously.
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  • Keisuke WATANABE, Masakazu MIYAKADO, Nobuo OHNO, Takahiko OTA, Fukuji ...
    1985 Volume 10 Issue 1 Pages 137-140
    Published: February 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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  • Toshio SHONO
    1985 Volume 10 Issue 1 Pages 141-146
    Published: February 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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    Syntheses of photo-stable pyrethroids, such as permethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin and fenvalerate, have led to possible agricultural use of pyrethroid class insecticides. Pyrethroid insecticides have very high toxicity to insects and very low toxicity to mammals; there is no problem of environmental contamination because pyrethroids easily decompose in the environment. Due to these favorable characteristics, pyrethroids are expected to be widely used in the areas of both agriculture and public health in the next decade. Development of resistance in pest insects is the only obstacle to the future success of these ideal insecticides. In this review, information regarding the development of pyrethroid resistance is summarized, and the importance of nerve insensitivity to pyrethroids in resistant insects is pointed out. Nerve insensitivity as a mechanism of pyrethroid resistance is controlled in houseflies by a gene termed kdr, and this resistance is therefore called the kdr-type. The kdr-type resistant insects show cross resistance to all kind of pyrethroids, so far synthesized, thus making the ideal insecticides, pyrethroids, impotent.
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  • [in Japanese]
    1985 Volume 10 Issue 1 Pages 147-149
    Published: February 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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  • [in Japanese]
    1985 Volume 10 Issue 1 Pages 150-154
    Published: February 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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