Journal of Pesticide Science
Online ISSN : 1349-0923
Print ISSN : 1348-589X
ISSN-L : 0385-1559
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Volume 15, Issue 4
Displaying 1-19 of 19 articles from this issue
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  • Selective Herbicidal Activities of Ethyl 5-(4, 6-Dimethoxypyrimidin-2-ylcarbamoylsulfamoyl)-1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxylate and Its Related Compounds
    Susumu YAMAMOTO, Toshiaki SATO, Yoshihiro IWASAWA, Fumio SUZUKI, Takas ...
    1990 Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages 531-538
    Published: November 20, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.15.531
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    Twenty-six derivatives of pyrazole-5-sulfonylureas were synthesized and investigated for their herbicidal activities. The title compound, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (5, code No. NC-311), was found the best compound that was highly effective in controlling paddy weeds, especially annual and perennial broad-leaf weeds and sedges. In the paddy-field trial, 5 effectively controlled weeds at the rate of 20-30g a. i./ha without phytotoxicity to transplanted rice. This herbicide is proposed as a potent novel herbicide to protect paddy rice.
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  • Structure-Activity Studies of Insecticidal 2-Methoxy-1, 3, 2-oxazaphospholidine 2-Sulfides against Musca domestica and Tribolium castaneum
    Akinori HIRASHIMA, Yutaka YOSHII, Koichi KUMAMOTO, Kazuhiko OYAMA, Mor ...
    1990 Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages 539-551
    Published: November 20, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.15.539
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    2-Methoxy-5-substituted 1, 3, 2-oxazaphospholidine 2-sulfides (5-RMOS) were prepared by reacting methyl phosphorodichloridothiona to with appropriate aminoalcohols which had been synthesized from the corresponding aldehydes with a) trimethylsilyl cyanide, b) sodium bisulfite-pottasium (sodium) cyanide and reacted with lithium aluminum hydride, or from c) phenacyl bromides (chlorides) via hexamethylenetetramine complex followed by acidcatalyzed hydrolysis and reduction with sodium borohydride. 2-Methoxy-5-phenyl-1, 3, 2-oxazaphospholidine 2-sulfide (5-PMOS, II-1) was the most potent insecticide against Musca domestica by topical application (LD50=0.035μg/fly), whereas 4-methylphenyl (II-45), 4-ethylphenyl (II-51), 4-isopropylphenyl (II-52) and 2, 3-dimethoxyphenyl (II-57) analogs of 5-PMOS were the most potent in reducing the larval weight gain of Tribolium castaneum (I50=5.5, 3.7, 5.2 and 6.6ppm). According to the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis by Hansch and Fujita, steric nature of a substituent is important, and the smaller the substituent at the 5-phenyl of 5-RMOS, the more potent the insecticidal activity toward M. domestica, whereas toward T. castaneum, electronic nature was important, and the more resistant to hydrolysis the compounds, the more potent the activity on larval weight-gain inhibition of T. castaneum.
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  • Action Mechanism of DLH-1777, a Novel 4-Pyridone-3-carboxamide Herbicide
    Peroxidizing Activity and Accumulation of Porphyrins
    Yasuo MORISHIMA, Hirokazu OSABE, Yukihisa GOTO
    1990 Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages 553-559
    Published: November 20, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.15.553
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    The mode of action of a 4-pyridone-3-carboxamide derivative, DLH-1777 [5-bromo-N-(2, 6-diethylphenyl)-1, 4-dihydro-1, 6-dimethyl-4-oxo-2-propyl-3-pyridinecarboxamide], was studied on cotyledons from etiolated or green seedlings of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv Shimoshirazu-jibai) and compared with that of oxyfluorfen (2-chloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl 3′-ethoxy-4′-nitrophenyl ether). The herbicides both caused the leakage of ninhydrinpositive amino acids in treated etiolated cotyledons exclusively in a light (200μE m-2·sec-1 PAR). Lipid peroxides were detected in the cotyledons treated with 10μM DLH-1777 after 1-hr exposure to the light. DLH-1777 and oxyfluorfen both induced ethane production in green cotyledon discs. On the other hand, gabaculine (3-amino-2, 3-dihydrobenzoic acid), a porphyrin biosynthesis inhibitor, markedly alleviated the amino acid leakage caused by DLH-1777 or oxyfluorfen. DLH-1777 as well as oxyfluorfen induced the accumulation of protoporphyrin IX, a photosensitizing porphyrin, which is believed to cause light-dependent membrane distruction. These results suggest that DLH-1777 belongs to the same group as photobleaching and peroxidizing herbicides such as oxyfluorfen and oxadiazon as far as the mechanism is concerned, and that it is phytotoxic through inducing abnormal accumulation of protoporphyrin IX in treated tissues by interfering their porphyrin biosynthesis.
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  • Degradation of Organophosphorus Insecticide Salithion in Soils
    Kazuhito ITOH
    1990 Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages 561-566
    Published: November 20, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.15.561
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    Degradation of salithion (2-methoxy-4H-1, 3, 2-benzodioxa-phosphorin-2-sulfide) in two types of Japanese soils was studied by using a 14C preparation labeled at the phenyl ring. Salithion disappeared rapidly with a half-life of less than 3 days under aerobic upland conditions, finally degrading to 14CO2 and unextractable bound residues. The degradation pathways included cleavages of P-O-aryl and P-O-aralkyl linkages, demethylation, and oxidative desulfuration of the thiophosphoryl moiety. The degradation rate retarded under sterilized conditions, suggesting microbial degradation in the soils. Non-biological formation of the bound residues also caused the disappearance of salithion in the Ushiku soil (Andosol).
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  • Antifeeding Constituents of Phellodendron chinense Fruit against Reticulitermes speratus
    Rong Hui SU, Mujo KIM, Takehiko YAMAMOTO, Shozo TAKAHASHI
    1990 Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages 567-572
    Published: November 20, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.15.567
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    Antifeeding constituents of Phellodendron chinense fruit against Reticulitermes speratus were isolated and identified as N-methylflindersine and melianone, of which the former showed significant activity. Other compounds isolated from the fruit (namely niloticin, friedelin, phellochin and 4, 10-dimethylene-7-isopropyl-5(E)-cyclodecenol) showed no antifeeding activity.
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  • D-Catechin: An Oviposition Stimulant of Azuki Bean Weevil Callosobruchus chinensis in the Host Azuki Bean
    Tomikazu UENO, Yasumasa KUWAHARA, Koichi FUJII, Mark L. TAPER, Yukihik ...
    1990 Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages 573-578
    Published: November 20, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.15.573
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    An oviposition stimulant of the azuki bean weevil Callosobruchus chinensis was isolated from aqueous extracts of its host, the azuki bean Vigna angularis. The kairomone was identified as D-catechin, (2S, 3S)-3, 5, 7, 3′, 4′-pentahydroxyflavan. It was active at 0.2-2ng per glass bead and was located only in the seed coat. A bean (average weight 136mg) contained 17.6μg of the compound. The fact that the purified D-catechin fraction was somewhat more active than commercially available D-catechin suggested the presence of other components of the kairomone or its synergist.
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  • Isotope Effects on the Metabolic N-Demethylation of Diuron and Monuron in Hepatocytes and Liver Microsomes of Rats
    Norio KURIHARA, Katsutoshi KINOSHITA, Masaaki FUJIKAWA
    1990 Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages 579-584
    Published: November 20, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.15.579
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    Deuterium isotope effects on the metabolic N-demethylation of diuron and monuron were measured in hepatocytes and in liver microsomes of rats. The intermolecular isotope effects were close to unity but the intramolecular effects on the reaction with diuron were 1.99 in hepatocytes (2.33 with monuron) and 2.47 in microsomes. The finding indicated that one electron was removed from nitrogen in the first step of reaction followed by deprotonation. A rapid interchange of two N-methyl groups in the substrate molecules on the enzyme surface was suggested.
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  • Bioactive Condensed Tannins from Bark
    Chemical Properties, Enzyme Inhibition and Anti-Plant-Viral Activities
    Junli ZHANG, Kohji TAKAHASHI, Yoshiki KONO, Yoshikatsu SUZUKI, Setsuo ...
    1990 Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages 585-591
    Published: November 20, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.15.585
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    Nondialyzable, highly condensed, procyanidin type tannins having enzyme-inhibitory and anti-plant-viral activities were isolated from constituents in the barks of several trees as partially purified brownish powders. These compounds differed primarily in average molecular weight (PI: 20, 000, CDL: 10, 000, PYM: 8000 and TDS: 5000; determined by ultracentrifuge) and showed more than 1000 times stronger enzyme-inhibitory activity [plasmin (ED50: 0.05-0.4μM), thrombin (0.02-0.2μM), papain (0.08-0.6μM), trypsin (0.25-2.0μM] than (-)-epicatechin on a molar-ratio basis. The mode of inhibition of CDL was determined to be a noncompetitive-uncompetitive on both plasmin and papain. In preliminary anti-plant-viral bioassay, CDL showed a protective effect (93%; glove amarath) against the infection with PVX and a therapeutic effect (80%; pot test) against PVX, TMV and CGMMV at 1000ppm.
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  • Enzymological Properties of Three Soil Hydrolases and Effects of Several Pesticides on Their Activities
    Toshiie NAKAMURA, Kazuo MOCHIDA, Yoshihisa OZOE, Seiji UKAWA, Madoka S ...
    1990 Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages 593-598
    Published: November 20, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.15.593
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    Effects of pesticides on the activities of acid phosphatase, arylesterase and aryl acylamidase in soil were examined under upland field and/or laboratory conditions. We established methods to assay the activities of arylesterase and aryl acylamidase, while a known method was applied for acid phosphatase. Fenitrothion EC, chlorothalonil WP and paraquat SL were the main pesticides used and trichlorfon was additional for laboratory tests. Effects of the pesticides on the activities of acid phosphatase and arylesterase in soil were small or moderate when they were applied at conventional and 5-fold rates. Trichlorfon and fenitrothion EC inhibited the activity of aryl acylamidase, but the effect was temporary and the activity seemed to easily recover with the degradation of the pesticides or the proliferation of microorganisms.
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  • Reduced Nerve Sensitivity as a Resistant Mechanism to a Pyrethroid in Culex tritaeniorhynchus from Okinawa
    Kimitoshi UMEDA, Toshio SHONO, Masachika HIRANO, Mitsuo TAKAHASI
    1990 Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages 599-601
    Published: November 20, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.15.599
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  • Plant Secondary Metabolites Antidoting against Benomyl
    Satoshi TAHARA, Yumiko MATSUKURA, Junya MIZUTANI
    1990 Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages 603-604
    Published: November 20, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.15.603
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  • Glutamic Acid and Insecticides
    An Electrophysiological Approach
    Haruhiko SHINOZAKI
    1990 Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages 605-611
    Published: November 20, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.15.605
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  • Chemical Studies on Astigmatid Mites
    Opisthonotal Gland Secretions and Body Surface Components with Biological Functions
    Yasumasa KUWAHARA
    1990 Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages 613-619
    Published: November 20, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.15.613
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  • Polynaction complex
    [in Japanese]
    1990 Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages 623-628
    Published: November 20, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.15.623
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  • Glyphosate-trimesium
    [in Japanese]
    1990 Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages 629-633
    Published: November 20, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.15.629
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  • Pyraclofos
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    1990 Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages 635-640
    Published: November 20, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.15.635
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  • Prothiofos
    [in Japanese]
    1990 Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages 641-645
    Published: November 20, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.15.641
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  • Summaries of Toxicity Studies on Quinclorac
    Registration Department, Agricultural Chemicals Di
    1990 Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages 647-651
    Published: November 20, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.15.647
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    In order to investigate toxicological properties of Quinclorac, a number of toxicological studies were carried out with QUINCLORAC TECH and FACET WP. From these studies, it can be derived that the acute toxicity, subacute toxicity, and long-term toxicity are rather low. No critical irritant effects on eye and skin were noted, and under practical conditions a skin sensitizing effect and inhalation risk can be excluded. No adverse effect was observed on reproductivity, and no signs of teratogenic effects were noted. Mutagenicity was negative at non cytotoxic levels. There were no signs of an oncogenic response in any of the tested animals.
    A withholding value has been set for the registration at 0.5ppm on rice, and FACET WP, wettable powder formulation containing 50% Quinclorac, was registered to JMAFF on November 16, 1989.
    A safety risk for Quinclorac, as far as it is used in accordance with the established safe use standard, is not to be expected.
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    1990 Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages 655-656
    Published: November 20, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.15.655
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