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Motokazu TANIGAWA, Yoshinori KUNIMOTO, Toru ASANO, Kazuko INAMURA, Mas ...
1996 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
275-279
Published: August 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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A contamination of cypermethrin seen in its applicators was investigated in an eggplant field. The pesticide was sprayed forward or backward along the furrows. In a grower's field, the exposure was low when the applicators went along the furrow by spraying forward. On the other hand, a considerable exposure was highly detected on the most part of the body when they returned along the furrow. The similar exposure was occurred when spraying backward, especially at the back of the applicators. Next, shoots of V-shaped training, carrying neither flowers nor young fruits, were extensively pruned in order to decrease the contact with the applicators. After pruning, 480 leaves were decreased to 60 and 143 shoots to 27 for each 100m-furrow at 80cm from shores and at 150-160cm above the soil surface. This strong pruning led to the successful reduction in the exposure of the applicators at both walk-directions (going and returning) and at both spraying-methods (forward and backward). Furthermore, the exposure was reduced to the minimum in a model experiment using screen clothes to prevent applicators from contacting shoots and leaves. These results indicate that the exposure of the human body to the pesticide in eggplant fields mainly resulted from the secondary contamination due to the pesticide deposited on the leaves and shoots. Pruning of shoots will be the most important method to reduce the exposure of applicators to pesticides in order to avoid a direct contact.
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Haruchika SEKIDO, Tsutomu SHIMIZU, Ichiro MIURA, Shin-ichiro MAENO, Sh ...
1996 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
281-285
Published: August 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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Polybelin (a combined-fungicide containing three parts of polyoxin B and one part of iminoctadine triacetate) was found to cause abnormal germ tube swelling on polyoxin-resistant
Alternaria alternata apple pathotype. Polybelin at 33.3μg/ml (ED
50 for mycelial growth of a polyoxin-resistant isolate) caused electrolyte leakage and inhibited the chitin biosynthesis on polyoxin-resistant isolate. Polyoxin B at 25μg/ml did neither cause electrolyte leakage nor inhibit chitin biosynthesis on polyoxin-resistant isolate. Iminoctadine triacetate at 8.3μg/ml showed almost the same electrolyte leakage activity as that of polybelin at 33.3μg/ml, but it did not inhibit chitin biosynthesis on polyoxin-resistant isolate. The synergistic effect of polybelin on polyoxin-resistant
A. alternata apple pathotype may possibly cause polyoxin B incorporation into mycelial cells to increase, by inhibiting cell membrane functions through the action of iminoctadine triacetate.
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Naofumi SHIMIZU, Junko SAKAMOTO, Hiroshi KAMIZONO, Kazunari OHTA, Shig ...
1996 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
287-292
Published: August 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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Growth inhibition activity of imazosulfuron, 1-(2-chloroimidazo [1, 2-
a] pyridin-3-ylsulfonyl)-3-(4, 6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)urea, against excised pea and soybean roots was investigated. Fifty percents growth inhibition concentrations of imazosulfuron (I
50) against pea and soybean roots were 17.6 and 54.2ppb, respectively. When the excised pea roots were incubated in the culture medium containing 25ppb of imazosulfuron and 1mM of either branched-chain amino acids or intermediates of their biosynthetic pathways, the growth inhibition activity of excised roots was alleviated by the combination of isoleucine and valine or α-ketoisovalerate and α-keto-β-methyl-
n-valerate. These findings suggest that imazosulfuron exhibits inhibition of acetolactate synthase which catalyses the biosynthetic pathways of branchedchain amino acids. Metabolic fate of imazosulfuron in excised pea roots was studied using the
14C-labeled compounds. imazosulfuron was predominantly demethylated to afford a monodemethyl derivative (HMS) in the roots, and hydrolytically cleaved at the sulfonylurea bond to give a sulfonamide (IPSN) and an aminopyrimidine (ADPM) in the culture medium. Since HMS did not inhibit the growth of excised roots, metabolic fate of imazosulfuron is involved in a selectivity between plants.
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Dimethoxypyrimidines as Novel Herbicides (Part 3)
Yukio NEZU, Nobuhide WADA, Yoshihiro SAITOH, Satoru TAKAHASHI, Takeshi ...
1996 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
293-303
Published: August 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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A series of the
O-pyrimidinylsalicylic acids were synthesized and their herbicidal activity was evaluated. Investigation of substituents on the benzene ring revealed that the 6-halogeno derivatives exhibited high herbicidal activity, but with severe phytotoxicity to some crops. The replacement of a bridge atom between two rings with other atoms or groups was performed. The
S-pyrimidinylthiosalicylic acids replaced by sulfur improved the safety to cotton plants dramatically reducing herbicidal activity against broadleaf weeds to some extent. Out of the
S-pyrimidinylthiosalicylic acids, 6-chloro-2-(4, 6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)thiosalicylic acid was selected as a quite promising compound for the development of a possible cotton field herbicide.
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Itaru OKADA, Shuko OKUI, Mabuko WADA, Yoji TAKAHASHI
1996 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
305-310
Published: August 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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Thirty-eight derivatives of
N-(4-aryloxybenzyl)pyrazolecarboxamide were synthesized and their insecticidal activity was examined. Among them
N-[4-(4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)benzyl]-2, 6-dimethyl-2, 4, 5, 6-tetrahydrocyclopentapyrazole-3-carboxamide (
27) was found to be potent insecticide against not only hemiptera insects but also lepidoptera insect. Insecticidal activity of its enantiomers is also discussed in this paper.
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Keiichiro NISHIMURA, Hiroshi OKIMOTO, Tamio UENO, Shiro SHIRAISHI, Ken ...
1996 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
311-316
Published: August 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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The 2-(4-perhalomethoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropyl 3-phenoxybenzyl ethers related to etofenprox were prepared. Their insecticidal potencies against common cutworms and American cockroaches were close to the respective potency of etofenprox. The acaricidal potency of the CF
2BrO derivative (halfenprox) against two-spotted spider mites was about 200 times higher than etofenprox (C
2H
5O derivative). Halfenprox and related compounds induced repetitive discharges with a single electrical stimulus in the excised central nerve cord of the American cockroach as a class of conventional pyrethroids. These compounds also induced the slow-lasting sodium tail-current upon step repolarization of the crayfish axonal membrane. These nerve effects may be the major mode of action for the
in vivo activities of this class of compounds. Hydrophobicity is likely to play some role in the variations of acaricidal potency.
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Motoo SUMIDA, Hitoshi KOHNO, Kou SHOUDA, Harukazu FUKAMI, Takaharu TAN ...
1996 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
317-321
Published: August 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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Using
Scenedesmus acutus, a series of derivative compounds, namely benzoxazines, benzoquinolines and a benzoquinazoline, belonging to the diphenyl ether type compounds, were assayed for peroxidizing phytotoxic activity. All compounds decreased chlorophyll content, inhibited protoporphyrinogen-IX oxidase (EC 1.3.3.4), caused light-induced ethane evolution and inhibited growth of
Scenedesmus cells, just like the so-called peroxidizing herbicides as
p-nitrodiphenyl ethers and cyclic imides. Correlation between these phytotoxic parameters was highly significant. Our comparative data on different sets of the parameters suggest that the benzoxazines, benzoquinolines and benzoquinazoline compounds of this study are to be classified as peroxidizing herbicides affecting a crucial enzyme in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway and producing ethane by light-induced radicals in the cells. Many benzoxazine derivatives and benzoquinazoline exhibited a good correlation between phytotoxic parameters and herbicidal activity tested with three different weeds.
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Action Mechanism of Pencycuron, a Specific Antifungal Compound (Part 2)
Heung Tae KIM, Isamu YAMAGUCHI
1996 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
323-328
Published: August 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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Pencycuron exerts a specific inhibitory activity on
Rhizoctonia solani isolates even in the same anastomosis group, AG4. The sensitivity of AG4 isolates to pencycuron was negatively correlated with the mycelial growth at high temperature (30°C). Based on such observation and high lipophilicity of pencycuron, the influence of pencycuron on the fluidity of lipid membranes of
R. solani was examined. The composition ratio of saturated fatty acids such as palmitic acid and stearic acid in R-C (an isolate sensitive to pencycuron) was higher than that in Rh-131 (a far less-sensititve isolate). On the contrary, linoleic acid, an unsaturated fatty acid, was more abundant in Rh-131. While the fluidity of liposomes prepared with total lipids from R-C remarkably decreased by the application of pencycuron, no significant diminution of membrane fluidity was observed in liposomes from Rh-131. With artificial liposomes prepared from phosphatidylcholines commercially available, the membrane fluidity fluctuated depending on the composition of fatty acids, and the effect of pencycuron on the membrane fluidity was more significant in liposomes composed of higher ratio of saturated fatty acids. It was also found that
14C-pencycuron was bound 3 times more by liposomes that resembled R-C membrane in composition of fatty acids than those mimicked the membranes of Rh-131. From the results obtained, it is suggested that the binding of pencycuron is closely related with the composition of lipid membranes, and the binding of pencycuron to the membrane causes the decrease of membrane fluidity in sensitive isolates of
R. solani.
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Kousuke SUYAMA, Kazuhiro TAKAGI
1996 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
329-332
Published: August 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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Effects of six granular formulations of pesticides on ammonium oxidizing activity in a simulated oxidized layer of paddy soil were investigated. In simple comparison with untreated control, it was found that the activity was stimulated by Moncut
®, Admire
® and the field application dose of Coratop
®, inhibited by Oryzemate
®, Fuji-One
® and the fivefold dose of Coratop
® and not affected by Zark D
®. However, the initial pHs of the paddy water added with some of the granules were higher than that of untreated control suggesting that the granules contain alkaline auxiliary substances which affect the activity. In comparison with the activity at the corresponding pH, it was found that the stimulations by Moncut
® and Admire
® were due wholly and partly to the alkaline auxiliary substance in themselves. Additionally, it was found that Coratop
® and Zark D
® contain the inhibitor of which the effects are undetectable and missed in the simple comparison. It is concluded that the net effect of pesticide can be under- or over-evaluated in simple comparison to untreated control only and that consideration on the change of pH in soil culture is indispensable, in the assessment of effect of pesticide on nitrification using formulated products.
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Characterization of Acetylation of Aniline Derivatives In Vitro
Koichi SAITO, Hideo KANEKO, Keiko SATO, Iwao NAKATSUKA, Hirohiko YAMAD ...
1996 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
333-336
Published: August 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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Kenshi SHIMAZU, Motohisa SHIMIZU, Koichi SUZUKI, Eiichi KUWANO
1996 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
337-339
Published: August 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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The Roles of S-RNases in the Molecular Recognition Reaction
Toshikatsu OKUNO
1996 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
341-346
Published: August 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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Response to Air Pollutants
Hikaru SAJI, Nobuyoshi NAKAJIMA, Akihiro KUBO, Mitsuko AONO
1996 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
347-351
Published: August 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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Reiji ICHINOSE
1996 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
353-361
Published: August 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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Yoshiaki NAKAGAWA
1996 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
363-377
Published: August 20, 1996
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Masanori OI
1996 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
379-388
Published: August 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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[in Japanese]
1996 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
389-390
Published: August 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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[in Japanese]
1996 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
391-392
Published: August 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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[in Japanese]
1996 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
393-395
Published: August 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
1996 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages
396-398
Published: August 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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