Journal of Pesticide Science
Online ISSN : 1349-0923
Print ISSN : 1348-589X
ISSN-L : 0385-1559
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Volume 30, Issue 1
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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Original Articles
  • QSAR for Binding Affinity of Substituted Dibenzoylhydrazines to Intact Sf-9 Cells
    Takehiko Ogura, Yoshiaki Nakagawa, Chieka Minakuchi, Hisashi Miyagawa
    2005 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages 1-6
    Published: 2005
    Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2005
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.30.1
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    The binding affinity to intact Sf-9 cells was measured in a series of N-t-butyl-N,N′-dibenzoylhydrazine congeners. The benzene ring close to the t-butyl group of the compounds was substituted with Cl at the ortho-position and the other benzene ring was variously substituted at the para-position. The effects of the substituent on the binding affinity were analyzed quantitatively using the Hansch–Fujita QSAR method. The introduction of hydrophobic and electron-donating substituents at the para-position enhanced the binding affinity toward the ecdysone receptor protein. Steric repulsion between the substituent and receptor surface was also suggested. © Pesticide Science Society of Japan
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  • Inhibitory Activity of Indanofan and Its Enantiomers on Biosynthesis of Very-Long-Chain Fatty Acids
    Sachio Kato, Akira Tanaka, Hiroyuki Watanabe, Yukiharu Sato, Yumi Iked ...
    2005 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages 7-10
    Published: 2005
    Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2005
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.30.7
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    The influence of the S-enantiomer, R-enantiomer and racemate species of indanofan on the elongation of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) elongation was assayed using a leek microsomal preparation. Double-reciprocal plots of the rate of VLCFA production versus the concentration of C18 : 0-CoA demonstrated to be a competitive type of inhibition by indanofan. The I50 values of (S)-indanofan, (R)-indanofan and the (RS)-indanofan racemate for elongation of C18 : 0- and C20 : 0-acid were estimated to be about 2×10−8, >10−3 and 5×10−8 M, respectively. These findings prove that the S-enantiomer inhibited the elongation of the C18 : 0-and C20 : 0-acid ca. 2–3 times more strongly than the racemate, yielding almost no inhibition by the R-enantiomer. The elongation of C18 : 0- as well as of the C20 : 0-acid is inhibited by the S-enantiomer only. © Pesticide Science Society of Japan
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  • Tests for Evaluating the Side Effects of Chlorothalonil (TPN) and Spinosad on the Parasitic Wasp (Aphidius colemani)
    Yoshiyuki Takahashi, Toshiki Kojimoto, Hiroyuki Nagaoka, Yutaka Takagi ...
    2005 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages 11-16
    Published: 2005
    Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2005
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.30.11
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    To better understand the side-effects of pesticides on nontarget insects, exposure and mortality assessment tests were performed with the parasitic wasp, Aphidius colemani. Quantities of chlorothalonil (TPN) and spinosad in individual wasps were determined using commercially available ELISA kits. TPN showed no side-effect on contact with dry film or oral administration. The lethal dosage of spinosad on plant leaves was estimated at ca. 0.2 μg/cm2 for individual wasps, and was supported by the results of residual activity tests. Furthermore, a minimum of around 0.1 ng of spinosad was observed in dead individuals exposed to plant leaves treated with a lethal dosage of the posticide. © Pesticide Science Society of Japan
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  • Effects of Pyridalyl, a Novel Insecticidal Agent, on Cultured Sf9 Cells
    Shigeru Saito, Noriyasu Sakamoto, Kimitoshi Umeda
    2005 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages 17-21
    Published: 2005
    Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2005
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.30.17
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    The effect of pyridalyl on cultured Sf9 cells was compared with that of various known cytotoxic and non-cytotoxic substances. Cell growth was significantly inhibited by the cytotoxic substances at 10 μM, but not significantly inhibited by the non-cytotoxic substances. Pyridalyl clearly inhibited the growth of cells at a concentration of 0.01 μM. Analogues of pyridalyl with insecticidal activity also inhibited cell growth, but those without insecticidal activity did not have significant effects. The test system was considered valid and the cytotoxicity of pyridalyl in Sf9 cells reflects its insecticidal action at least in part. Pyridalyl did not, however, affect mitochondrial respiration, which is the most likely cause of the cytotoxicity. © Pesticide Science Society of Japan
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  • Degradation of the Fungicide Benthiavalicarb-isopropyl in Soils
    Mitsumasa Ikeda, Satoshi Usami, Hiroyuki Mizutani, Akira Yagi
    2005 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages 22-30
    Published: 2005
    Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2005
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.30.22
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    The degradation of benthiavalicarb-isopropyl (BVI) in soils was studied in the laboratory using two 14C-compounds labeled at the benzene ring and the valine-moiety. The half-life of BVI in two kinds of soils (Ushiku soil and Kakegawa soil) was less than 11 days, under both upland and flooded conditions. Five major degradation products, in addition to 14CO2, were identified. It is presumed that the degradation begins initially with hydrolytic cleavage of the amide bond, followed by several processes resulting in the final production of 14CO2. © Pesticide Science Society of Japan
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  • Oxidative Glutathione Conjugation and Its Novel Role in Activation of the Organophosphorus Insecticide Prothiofos
    Toru Miyamoto, Tsuyoshi Mikawa
    2005 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages 31-38
    Published: 2005
    Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2005
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.30.31
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    The reaction of prothiofos oxon S-oxide (S-oxide) with glutathione (GSH) by computational chemistry formed GS(EtO)P(O)OC6H3Cl2 and PrS(O)(HO)P(O)OC6H3Cl2 (desethyl S-oxide). Both were produced from (R)p-S-oxide. From the reaction of prothiofos oxon (oxon) with partially purified resistant housefly glutathione S-transferase under oxidation, 2,4-dichlorophenyl phosphate was detected and it was suggested that desethyl S-oxide was produced by in vitro metabolism. Desethyl oxon showed insecticidal activity toward the housefly on injection and inhibited bovine erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase oxidatively, thus showing that desethyl S-oxide, too, was an activated compound. It has become apparent that GSH conjugates the ethyl group of S-oxide to form desethyl S-oxide, and it shows insecticidal activity with S-oxide. © Pesticide Science Society of Japan
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Notes
  • Synthesis and Inhibitory Effect on Photosynthetic Electron Transport of 1,3,5-Triazinylcarboxylic Acid Derivatives
    Atsushi Fujimori, Yumi Ikeda, Ruiko Okano, Masaki Hiraki, Jack J. S. v ...
    2005 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages 39-43
    Published: 2005
    Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2005
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.30.39
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    This study relates to the modification of 2-benzylamino-4-methyl-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3,5-triazine. New 1,3,5-triazine compounds with an electron-withdrawing carboxyl group, e.g. ester group, substituted for the trifluoromethyl group, were synthesized and assayed for activity to inhibit photosynthetic electron transport (PET) in thylakoids of spinach as well as both atrazine-resistant and wild-type Chenopodium album. Among the compounds with an alkylamino group, 2-ethoxycarbonyl-4-isopropylamino-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine was the most potent PET-inhibitor, exhibiting a pI50 of 6.11. The inhibitory activity was generally more potent with 2-alkoxycarbonyl-4-(branched alkyl)amino-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazines than amino-analogues with straight chain alkyl groups or unsaturated alkyl groups. © Presticide Science Society of Japan
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  • Insecticidal and Neuroblocking Activities in the American Cockroach (Periplaneta americana L.) of Mannich Bases of Nitromethylene Imidazolidine Neonicotinoids
    Shinzo Kagabu, Mikako Ogawa, Masayuki Makimura, Keiichiro Nishimura
    2005 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages 44-46
    Published: 2005
    Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2005
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.30.44
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    The insecticidal and neuroblocking activities of Mannich bases prepared from chloronicotinyl- and chlorothiazolylmethyl-nitromethylenimidazolidines, known potent insecticides, were measured in American cockroaches. The concentrations needed to cause neuroblocking in excised central nerve cord of the insects (BC) were 100–140 μM, far higher than those, 1.6–1.9 μM, for the starting compounds. However, the minimum lethal doses by injection (MLD) for the Mannich bases were 0.92–1.2 nmol, not very different from the values, 0.28–0.46 nmol, for the starting compounds. The half-life of the Mannich base decaying to the original molecule was 5.3 hr in a physiological solution, which also suggests the potential of Mannich bases as proinsecticides for nitromethylene molecules. © Pesticide Science Society of Japan
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  • Induction of Resistance against Rice Bacterial Leaf Blight by 3-Chloro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic Acid
    Masanori Nishioka, Hideo Nakashita, Michiko Yasuda, Shigeo Yoshida, Is ...
    2005 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages 47-49
    Published: 2005
    Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2005
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.30.47
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    A pyrazole derivative, 3-chloro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid (CMPA), exhibited high anti-rice blast activity without any significant antimicrobial activity. To assess the mode of action of CMPA, its effects on rice bacterial leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and the expression of a defense-related gene were examined. The treatment of CMPA reduced the disease symptoms in a dose-dependent manner, but CMPA did not exhibit any direct antibacterial activity against X. oryzae at concentrations up to 1 mg/ml. The treatment of CMPA induced the expression of PBZ1, a defense-related gene, which is evoked by several plant activators. This ability to induce PBZ1 expression and enhance disease resistance without antimicrobial activity suggests that CMPA can activate systemic acquired resistance in rice as well as in tobacco. © Pesticide Science Society of Japan
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  • Control of Greenhouse Whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) Using Visually Attractive Targets Impregnated with Pyriproxyfen
    Haruka Oouchi, Peter Langley
    2005 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages 50-52
    Published: 2005
    Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2005
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.30.50
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    The chemosterilant effect of a photo-stable juvenoid, pyriproxyfen, was investigated on greenhouse whitefly. Yellow fabric lures coated with 1 mg of pyriproxyfen per cm2 drastically suppressed whitefly populations on bean plants in laboratory and glasshouse experiments. Numbers of eggs and larvae were reduced practically to zero over a period of several weeks. The success of such treated rectangular targets (25 cm×5 cm) placed among bean plants in a glasshouse prompted the development of Lano®-Tape, a roll of yellow tape treated with pyriproxyfen. It provides a labor saving method of whitefly control in commercial glasshouses as a substitute for conventional insecticide application techniques. © Pesticide Science Society of Japan
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PART II (IN JAPANESE)
Abstracts for Original Articles
Commentaries
Letter to Members
Symposia
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