Journal of Pesticide Science
Online ISSN : 1349-0923
Print ISSN : 1348-589X
ISSN-L : 0385-1559
Search
Advanced search
OR
Browse
Search
Volume 33, Issue 3
Displaying 1-22 of 22 articles from this issue
Show all abstracts
    • |<
    • <
    • 1
    • >
    • >|
Review
  • Unraveling the mystery of spinosad resistance in insects
    Jeffrey G. Scott
    Article type: Review
    2008 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 221-227
    Published: August 25, 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.R08-04
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    Spinosad is a new and highly promising insecticide, derived from the bacteria Saccharopolyspora spinosa, with efficacy against a wide range of insects. The mechanism of action of spinosad appears to be unique, with a primary site of attack being the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and a secondary site of attack being γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors. Neural nAChRs are composed of five subunits, with a minimum of 2 αs. Each subunit possesses a large N-terminal extracellular domain that includes the acetylcholine (ACh) binding site and four transmembrane domains (M1-4) with M2 contributing most of the amino acids that line the ion channel. Spinosad resistance has been selected for and characterized in several insect species. Generally, resistance is monofactorial, recessive and cannot be overcome by insecticide synergists. Spinosad resistance in the house fly maps to chromosome 1 and three nAChR subunit genes (α5, α6, and β3) are predicted to exist on chromosome 1 based on Drosophila/Musca homology maps. However, cloning and sequencing of Mdα5, Mdα6, and Mdβ3 from susceptible and spinosad resistant strains of house fly found no differences that could be associated with resistance. Unraveling the mystery of spinosad resistance in house flies will require further study.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (127K)
Original Articles
  • Effect of fentrazamide on the growth, morphology and anatomy of Echinochloa crus-galli and Echinochloa oryzicola
    Seishi Ito, Chieko Ueno, Toshio Goto
    Article type: Original Article
    2008 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 228-233
    Published: August 25, 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2008
    Advance online publication: June 19, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G07-39
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    The effects of fentrazamide [4-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-cyclohexyl-N-ethyl-4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-1H-tetrazole-1-carboxamide] on the growth and morphology of Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beav. and Echinochloa oryzicola Vasing. were investigated. Fentrazamide at 250 g a.i. ha−1 showed high efficacy on weeds up to the 3-leaf stage. The growth of the subsequent leaves was retarded by the herbicide and dark green coloration appeared, and then the basal part of leaf sheathes underwent necrosis. The cell elongation and cell division of Echinochloa spp. were inhibited by fentrazamide. These effects were also observed on plants treated with mefenacet [2-(2-benzothiazoyl-oxy)-N- methyl-N-phenyl-acetamide].
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (3589K)
  • Biocontrol activity in a nonpathogenic REMI mutant of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans and characterization of its disrupted gene
    Takanobu Yoshida, Masato Kawabe, Yuichiro Miyata, Tohru Teraoka, Tsuto ...
    Article type: Original Article
    2008 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 234-242
    Published: August 25, 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2008
    Advance online publication: June 19, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G07-35
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    A nonpathogenic mutant (REMI10) of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans (FOC) was generated by restriction enzyme-mediated integration (REMI). REMI10 penetrated the cabbage root cortex much slower than FOC and never invaded the xylem through the endodermis. Previous treatment of cabbage seedlings with REMI10 reduced the disease incidence of yellows caused by FOC, suggesting that REMI10 has biocontrol activity. FOC invasion into root tissues was restricted when the seedling was treated with REMI10. The gene disrupted in REMI10 genome by plasmid insertion was identified, and designated sap1, which encodes a putative secreted aspartic proteinase. The sap1 disruptants showed no reduction in virulence toward cabbage, suggesting that SAP1 is not essential for pathogenicity in FOC.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (4212K)
  • Lethal dose and horizontal transfer of bistrifluron, a benzoylphenylurea, in workers of the Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)
    Shunichi Kubota, Yoshinori Shono, Nobuaki Mito, Kunio Tsunoda
    Article type: Original Article
    2008 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 243-248
    Published: August 25, 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2008
    Advance online publication: July 14, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G08-09
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    The lethal dose and horizontal transmission of bistrifluron were examined in workers of the Formosan subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in laboratory no-choice feeding tests. The concentration of bistrifluron in baits was 5,000 ppm (wt/wt) in a series of tests. When termites were exposed to bistrifluron bait for 1 week, toxicity appeared slowly with an LT50 (50% lethal time) of 6.2 weeks. Much faster efficacy was observed after 2-week exposure. The amount of bistrifluron recovered from moribund termites indicated that approximately 400 ng/termite or more bistrifluron should accumulate in a single worker for insecticidal efficacy. The bistrifluron amount analyzed from various body parts of the termite body was not significanly different between immediately after 1-week exposure to bistrifluron bait and after the subsequent 2-week exposure to untreated bait. The rate of bistrifluron transferred from 20 donors to 20 recipients in 1 week was 6% of the amount of bistrifluron taken by the donors during the 1-week exposure to bistrifluron bait, and much smaller amounts of bistrifluron were transferred from donors to recipients for the subsequent 2 weeks. The bistrifluron that was originally ingested by C. formosanus workers appeared to partly remain in the termite body.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (159K)
  • Application of multiple enzyme restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and microchip electrophoresis for estimation of antibiotic-tolerant bacterial group
    Katsuji Watanabe
    Article type: Original Article
    2008 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 249-260
    Published: August 25, 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2008
    Advance online publication: July 14, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G08-04
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    A combined method of microchip electrophoresis and multiple enzyme restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, by which bacterial phylogeny was estimated by comparing the measured multiple enzyme restriction fragment (MERF) to that of the theoretical MERF of various kinds of bacteria, was adapted to monitor an antibiotic-resistant bacterial group in field soils. One hundred and ninety bacteria showing polymyxin B tolerance were newly isolated from experimental field soils where a large amount of liquid livestock feces (600 t/ha/year, 120 t/ha/year) has been applied annually, and neighboring area where feces were not applied (0 t area). In the 0 t area, most bacteria grown on PP agar was Bacillus spp. (80%), which decreased to 21.7% in the 120 t field, and 15.6% in the 600 t field. As the percentages gram negative bacteria, Cytophagales, and Spirochaetales increased to 10.0% in the 120 t field, and 33.3% in the 600 t field, and 7 isolates from the 120 t field and 18 isolates from the 600 t field were ordinary bacteria inhabiting in animals and feces, they originated from livestock. As polymyxin B is bactericidal for gram-negative bacteria, some of the gram-negative bacteria isolated from both the feces-applied fields were supposed to be polymyxin B-resistant bacteria.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (128K)
Notes
  • Adult vial bioassays of insecticidal toxicity against cotton fleahopper, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Hemiptera: Miridae)
    J. D. López, Jr., W. C. Hoffmann, M. A. Latheef, B. K. Fritz, D ...
    Article type: Note
    2008 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 261-265
    Published: August 25, 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G07-33
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    Glass vials coated with several technical insecticides were used to determine the contact toxicity of insecticides on adult laboratory-reared and field-collected cotton fleahopper, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter). For the 17 insecticides evaluated for laboratory-reared cotton fleahoppers, bifenthrin (pyrethroid), dicrotophos (organophosphate), thiamethoxam (neonicotinoid), and methomyl (carbamate) were the most toxic insecticides in their respective insecticidal classes based on LC50 values. There were significant differences between the LC50 values for the insecticides tested within each of the four insecticidal classes. There were 13-, 46-, 58-, and 31-fold differences between LC50 values for the insecticides within the pyrethroid, organophosphate, neonicotinoid, and carbarmate classes, respectively. Among fleahoppers collected from horsemint in May/June, adult vial testing showed increased susceptibility in males versus females. This difference can be attributed, at least in part, to differences in insect weights between the males and females since the females weighed significantly more than the males. Data presented herein provide a measure of acute potency of various insecticides against P. seriatus and serve as a measure of inherent relative differences between the insecticides. Baseline data will be useful for future comparison should suspicion of tolerance to these insecticides develop in field populations. These data are also important in comparing results from laboratory and field studies with cotton fleahoppers.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (61K)
  • Simultaneous biodegradation of chloro- and methylthio-s-triazines using charcoal enriched with a newly developed bacterial consortium
    Ken-ichi Yamazaki, Kazuhiro Takagi, Kunihiko Fujii, Akio Iwasaki, Naok ...
    Article type: Note
    2008 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 266-270
    Published: August 25, 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2008
    Advance online publication: July 14, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G08-08
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    A special type of charcoal, Charcoal A100, was enriched with a newly developed bacterial consortium using a perfusion method. The bacterial consortium consisted of a methylthio-s-triazine-degrading bacterium (Rhodococcus sp. FJ1117YT) and the chloro-s-triazine-degrading bacterial consortium CD7 (containing Bradyrhizobium japonicam CSB1, Arthrobacter sp. CD7w and β-Proteobacteria CDB21). Enriched charcoal was capable of degrading chloro-s-triazines (simazine and atrazine) and methylthio-s-triazines (simetryn and dimethametryn) simultaneously in sulfur-free medium. Almost complete degradation was observed after 4-day cultivation of chloro-s-triazines and 9-day cultivation of methylthio-s-triazines. These triazines were mineralized via their 2-hydroxy analogues.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (248K)
The Society Award Lecture (abstract)
PART II (IN JAPANESE)
The Society Award Lecture
Original Articles (with Abstract English)
  • Drift monitoring of acetamiprid sprayed by an air-blaster to pine trees in Gunma prefecture
    Yujiro Ichikawa, Mitsuru Moriyama, Naoki Motoyama
    Article type: Original Articles
    2008 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 281-288
    Published: August 20, 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: December 08, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.33.281
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    When acetamiprid was sprayed by an air-blaster on pine trees to control the Japanese pine sawyer in June 2004 and May 2005, in Gunma prefecture, the insecticide drift was monitored and the possible health effects assessed. The atmospheric concentration determined resulted in no or an extremely low level, suggesting little drift of the insecticide to the surrounding area. Deposition of the insecticide to the ground was also determined. A relatively large amount of deposition was found within the sprayed area, but that in the surrounding area was extremely small. Bio-monitoring using green-peach aphid showed 100% mortality within the sprayed area, but no significant effect in the surrounding area.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (1706K)
  • Monitoring and health effect assessment of spray drift following the application of fenitrothion EC by a radio-controlled helicopter over pine trees in Shizuoka prefecture
    Yujiro Ichikawa, Naoki Motoyama
    Article type: Original Articles
    2008 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 289-301
    Published: August 20, 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: December 08, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.33.289
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    The present study monitored the atmospheric concentration and deposition on the ground of fenitrothion and fenitro-oxon over time following fenitrothion application by a radio-controlled helicopter over pine trees in Shizuoka prefecture. In all cases, the fenitrothion concentration in the atmosphere was lower than the permissible limit of 10 μg/m3 assigned for residential areas. Fenitrothion deposition on the ground was higher within the sprayed area than the surrounding area, but in either area it was below the assumed no-adverse-effect level for dermal exposure. The mortality of houseflies placed within the sprayed area reached 100%, but was very low or insignificant in the surrounding area. Medical examination conducted before and after the application of 8 subjects engaged in drift monitoring as well as 2 subjects engaged in spraying showed no significant health effects.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (885K)
Abstracts of Articles in Part I
Commentaries
Minireviews: Problems for a long time concerning pesticide use in the field
Symposia
    • |<
    • <
    • 1
    • >
    • >|
feedback
 Top