Journal of Pesticide Science
Online ISSN : 1349-0923
Print ISSN : 1348-589X
ISSN-L : 0385-1559
Volume 37, Issue 1
Displaying 1-18 of 18 articles from this issue
English Articles
Review
  • Toshiyuki Katagi
    Article type: Review
    2012 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 1-14
    Published: March 20, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: February 20, 2012
    Advance online publication: February 06, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The most biologically active stereoisomer(s) of a chiral pesticide should be used favorably when stereoisomers exhibit different activities on target species, not only to reduce the unnecessary burden of inactive ones to the environment but also to remove unjustified dietary and ecological risks as possible. However, the isomerization of a chiral pesticide, if it occurs in the environment, deteriorates the advantage of using chirally purified pesticide. The isomerization of a chiral pesticide should be examined in hydrolysis, photolysis, and metabolism in soil and plants to estimate enantioselectivity in its environmental fate and any ecotoxicological effects from the viewpoint of more precise risk assessment.
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Original Articles
  • Maorong Wang, Linying Sun, Fuxian Wan, Lin Jiang
    Article type: Original Article
    2012 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 15-19
    Published: March 20, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: February 20, 2012
    Advance online publication: January 06, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Eight N-[3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazol-4-ylcarbonyl]-N′-(4,6-disubstituted pyrimidin-2-yl)thioureas and eight 5,7-disubstituted-2-[3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl isoxazol-4-ylcarbonylimino]-2H-1,2,4-thiadiazolo[2,3-α]pyrimidines were synthesized by multi-step reactions in yields of 50–85%. The structures of the target compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR spectra and elemental analyses. Phytotoxic activities against Echinochloa crus-galli L., Digitaria ciliaris L., Brassica napus L. and Chenopodium serotinum L. were evaluated by the culture dish method. Preliminary bioassay results indicated that some target compounds exhibited good phytotoxic activity at a dose of 100 mg/L, with an inhibitory rate of 76.0–85.6% on root growth, even higher than the control herbicide, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl.
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  • Dang Quoc Thuyet, Hirozumi Watanabe, Kazuhiro Takagi, Kenichi Yamazaki ...
    Article type: Original Article
    2012 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 20-27
    Published: March 20, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: February 20, 2012
    Advance online publication: January 06, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A micro paddy lysimeter (MPL) was employed to monitor the behavior of nursery-box-applied imidacloprid granules in the rice paddy environment using two treatment methods, i.e. before transplanting (BT) and at sowing (AS). Tested application rates were three-fold the recommended rate. Under a water management scenario in an actual field, the behavior of nursery-box-applied imidacloprid granules in paddy water and paddy soil in MPL was comparable with field monitoring data in the literature. Imidacloprid concentration in water peaked at 189±36 μg/L and 13.1±1.4 μg/L at 1 day after transplanting (DAT), and the half-lives (DT50) were 2.5 days, and 4.7 days for BT and AS treatments, respectively. In the soil profile, the maximum concentration of imidacloprid at 21 DAT was 65.6±0.4 μg/kg and 39.7±4.9 μg/kg in the 0–2.5 cm layer in the inter-row zone for BT and AS treatments, respectively. Imidacloprid was found in the 12.5–15.0 cm layer at 3.2±0.7 μg/kg for BT treatment and 13.7±3.8 μg/kg for AS treatment, in the inter-row zone. In AS treatment, imidacloprid mainly stayed in the root zone (0–5 cm surface soil layer), and its concentration was 895±4 μg/kg at 21 DAT. MPL presented as a convenient and alternative tool to monitor the behavior of nursery-box-applied pesticide in the rice paddy environment.
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  • Yuso Kobara, Yasuhiro Yogo, Akihiko Terada, Masaaki Hosomi
    Article type: Original Article
    2012 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 28-36
    Published: March 20, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: February 20, 2012
    Advance online publication: February 06, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This article presents a new approach for estimating the mass transfer coefficient (h, a measure of permeability) of fumigant compounds across several agricultural films. The assembled equipment provides a sealed permeability cell, where a film sample is set at the top of a static reservoir cell. Fumigant liquid is put into the cell and the gravimetric change of the cell is monitored sequentially over time using an analytical balance. The h of the fumigants across various plastic films were determined. Results show that the method is a sensitive and reproducible measure of film permeability, and suggest that film-fumigant combination and temperature had the largest impact on the h of fumigant compounds across films. Furthermore, the relative magnitude of the h on the fumigant and film material was predictable from the combination of their solubility parameters.
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  • Toshifumi Nakao, Masako Hama, Nobuyuki Kawahara, Kangetsu Hirase
    Article type: Original Article
    2012 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 37-44
    Published: March 20, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: February 20, 2012
    Advance online publication: February 06, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The whitebacked planthopper Sogatella furcifera is a serious pest of rice that has developed fipronil resistance in Asia. We found a novel R340Q mutation in the cytoplasmic loop between M3 and M4 of the S. furcifera RDL γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor subunit (SF-RDL). The R340Q mutation was found in clones carrying the A2′N mutation, which was previously implicated in fipronil resistance and suggested to be a heterozygous mutation. To investigate the influence of mutations, Drosophila Mel-2 cells were transfected with wild-type or mutant SF-RDL genes, either individually or together. A membrane potential assay showed that the influence of the A2′N·R340Q double mutation on fipronil resistance was more profound than that of the A2′N single mutation in the heterozygous expression of wild-type and mutant SF-RDL genes.
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  • Hitoshi Nakayama, Tohru Koyanagi, Hiroshi Kikugawa, Makiko Sano, Ken O ...
    Article type: Original Article
    2012 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 45-55
    Published: March 20, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: February 20, 2012
    Advance online publication: February 06, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A certain number of aryl(4-substituted pyridin-3-yl)methyl carbamates and related compounds were synthesized, and their herbicidal activities against weeds and phytotoxicity against transplanted rice were evaluated. The herbicidal efficacy varied with the structures of the aryl group, carbamoyl group, and substituent on the 4-position of the pyridine ring. It was revealed that the combination of the 4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl group and the naphthalen-1-yl group is favorable to achieve superior herbicidal activity without showing phytotoxicity in transplanted rice. Among these analogs, naphthalen-1-yl[4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl N,N-dimethylcarbamate 2a showed an excellent herbicidal efficacy as a new candidate for paddy rice herbicide. A (−)-enantiomer of 2a exhibited higher activity than its (+)-enantiomer. The mechanism of herbicidal action would be considered to be inhibition of obtusifoliol 14α-methyl demethylase P450. © Pesticide Science Society of Japan
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  • Taiji Miyake, Akihiro Kato, Hideaki Tateishi, Tohru Teraoka, Tsutomu A ...
    Article type: Original Article
    2012 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 56-61
    Published: March 20, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: February 20, 2012
    Advance online publication: February 06, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Talaromyces sp. KNB422, isolated from a rice seedling, is a fungus that is highly effective against several rice seedling diseases. To clarify its mode of action, the interaction between KNB422 and Rhizopus oryzae, Pythium graminicola, and Gibberella fujikuroi was examined in vitro. In a PDA medium, KNB422 expanded its hyphae over the mycelia of the pathogens. The interaction between KNB422 and R. oryzae and P. graminicola was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The hyphae of KNB422 grew around and then penetrated the hyphae of the pathogens. Furthermore fluorescence microscopy revealed that KNB422 grew toward, penetrated into and dissolved the G. fujikuroi hyphae. KNB422 has the ability to parasitize pathogens, such as R. oryzae, P. graminicola, and G. fujikuroi, to prevent their growth.
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  • Sohei Asakura, Manabu Hiraoka, Toshio Sugimura, Takumi Yoshimura, Masa ...
    Article type: Original Article
    2012 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 62-68
    Published: March 20, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: February 20, 2012
    Advance online publication: February 04, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Pyrimisulfan is a novel sulfonanilide herbicide with high herbicidal activities against major troublesome weeds in paddy fields. To use this chemical compound as a one-shot herbicide for rice, we have developed a controlled-release formulation, pyrimisulfan-1 kg granule (containing 6.7 g a.i.). This granule formulation applied at pre-emergence to the three-leaf stage at 10 kg/ha efficiently controlled troublesome weeds, such as Echinochloa spp., perennial weeds, and sulfonylurea-resistant weeds. Furthermore, pyrimisulfan-1 kg granule exhibited consistent herbicidal efficacy under simulated overflow conditions. Therefore, pyrimisulfan-1 kg granule is suitable for use as a one-shot herbicide and is an effective tool for rice cultivation systems requiring reduced pesticide applications.
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Technical Report
  • Reza Arjmandi, Ahmad Heidari, Nasser Moharamnejad, Jafar Nouri, Golrok ...
    Article type: Technical Report
    2012 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 69-75
    Published: March 20, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: February 20, 2012
    Advance online publication: February 06, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Environmental management of pesticide consumption is one of the most important aspects of pest management programs. The present study was carried out considering the farmers' knowledge, attitudes and practices of pest management in rice paddies in four Iranian cities: Sari, Babol, Amol and Nour in Mazandaran province, which are the highest rice-cultivating regions. The effective factors in pesticide consumption management are education, pesticide application technology, regulations, Integrated Pest Management implementation and the price of pesticides; therefore, a questionnaire with 27 items regarding these factors was designed and 220 farmers were interviewed. The obtained data were converted to quantitative measures by the Likert procedure and then analyzed by descriptive statistical methods. In order to evaluate the current status of pesticide environmental management, the quantitative information was categorized into five levels: very poor, poor, medium, good and excellent, based on the Food and Agricultural Organization and Iran Plant Protection Organization index. The weakness of the education parameter in studied samples was one of the most significant results of this research. The total education score was 1.9, which is very poor. The study demonstrated that the existing regulations have many deficiencies in comparison with the standards. The 48% overall management rank was considered poor. In 35%, the pest management rank was medium and in 17%, the rank was very poor. No good or excellent rank was obtained in this research. Hence, a comprehensive practical program needs to be initiated to improve the present status of pesticide consumption management in the province. The results achieved in this study may be used as a database to establish a management and monitoring program for pesticide consumption environmental management in Mazandaran province.
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Notes
  • Rika Kodaka, Toshiyuki Katagi
    Article type: Note
    2012 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 76-79
    Published: March 20, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: February 20, 2012
    Advance online publication: January 06, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The fate of bound residues originating from 14C-labeled tolclofos-methyl and diethofencarb was examined in the presence and absence of organic amendments. After 3-month incubation with 14C-labeled pesticides at 20±2°C under dark conditions, the equivalent weight of fresh soil or organic matter (0.3% dry weight basis) was added to the soil and further incubated for six months to investigate the effect of additions on the bound residues. Only 4–11% of aged 14C-residues was extracted with aqueous organic solvents, indicating that most of them tightly bound to soil. Addition of fresh soil or organic matter caused slightly higher mineralization than in control soil, resulting in the 11–24% release of bound 14C six months after additions. Although bound residues in aged soil were found not to be easily released even by organic solvents, they could be utilized by microbes and gradually mineralized.
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  • Keimei Oh, Kouta Nakai, Kazuhiro Yamada, Yuko Yoshizawa
    Article type: Note
    2012 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 80-84
    Published: March 20, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: February 20, 2012
    Advance online publication: January 06, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A series of new triazole derivatives was synthesized and their inhibitory activity against allene oxide synthase (AOS, CYP74A), a key enzyme in jasmonic acid biosynthesis, was evaluated. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that methyl 8-[1-(naphthalen-2-yl)-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)ethoxy]octanate (4i) and methyl 8-[1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)ethoxy]octanate (4g) exhibit potent inhibitory activity to allene oxide synthase, with IC50 values of 0.75±0.30 and 0.84±0.60 μM, respectively.
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  • Fabrício Marques Oliveira, Luiz Cláudio Almeida Barbosa, ...
    Article type: Note
    2012 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 85-88
    Published: March 20, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: February 20, 2012
    Advance online publication: February 06, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Compounds known as phosphoramidates have been reported in the literature to have insecticidal activity. In the present investigation, four new phosphoramidates were synthesized and biologically evaluated with regard to their potential insecticidal activity. Moreover, another fifteen compounds had their biological activity profile re-evaluated in further detail against three Lepidoptera species of economic importance. The best results were observed with the four new organophosphates against Ascia monuste.
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  • Taiji Miyake, Yuki Yagasaki, Shinzo Kagabu
    Article type: Note
    2012 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 89-94
    Published: March 20, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: February 20, 2012
    Advance online publication: January 06, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Various 2-N-acyl-5-methylisoxazolone derivatives were prepared, and their antifungal activities were evaluated in vitro with mycelial growth inhibition tests. In contrast with N-alkyl derivatives, the acyl compounds showed significant activity against Pyrenophora graminea, Fusarium graminearum, Alternaria alternata, Cercospora beticola, Rhynchosporium secalis, Septoria tritici, Microdochium nivale, Rhizoctonia solani and Gaeumannomyces graminis.Of note, cinnamoyl, 3-furan-3-ylacryloyl- and 3-thiophen-3-yl-acryloylamides, and t-butylacetyl and pivaloyl derivatives showed high inhibition rates at 25 mg/L against R. solani and G. graminis, respectively.
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  • Jun Cui, Meng-Lou Li, Mao-Sen Yuan
    Article type: Note
    2012 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 95-98
    Published: March 20, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: February 20, 2012
    Advance online publication: February 06, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Seven 7-hydroxycoumarin (C) acylation derivatives (C1C7) were synthesized to determine the differences in antifeedant effects between these derivatives and tutin against Mythimna separata. The structural assignments of these semisynthetic compounds were examined based on their IR, ESIMS, and 1H- and 13C-NMR spectral data. Compounds C2C7, tutin, andrographolide and azadirachtin showed different antifeedant activities. Compared with tutin and andrographolide, the derivatives C3, C4, C5 and C7 presented greater antifeedant activities. It was concluded that the optimal insecticidal agent is C4 (7-methanesulfonyloxycoumarin).
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PART II (IN JAPANESE)
Abstracts of Articles in Part I
Seminar: Experimental Techniques (Part 2)
Symposia
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