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Volume 38, Issue 2
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Review Articles
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Masaki Endo, Seiichi Toki2013 Volume 38 Issue 2 Pages 49-59
Published: May 20, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2013
Advance online publication: May 10, 2013JOURNAL FREE ACCESS FULL-TEXT HTMLHerbicide-tolerant crops including glyphosate-tolerant crops, generated via transgenic approaches are now cultivated widely. However, only a few varieties of transgenic herbicide-tolerant crops have been commercialized due to the time and cost required to obtain regulatory clearance. In contrast, herbicide-tolerant crops resulting from mutagenesis approaches are less problematic. However, the low occurrence of spontaneous mutations at the required sequence in the target locus continues to limit this approach. A promising alternative for inducing desirable mutations in endogenous plant genomes is homologous recombination (HR)-dependent gene targeting (GT). Here, we review three different approaches to create herbicide-tolerant plants, i.e., transgenic approaches, mutagenesis and HR-dependent GT. Among these techniques, HR-dependent GT is relatively new. We introduce the basic mechanism of HR-dependent GT, present an example of how to construct herbicide-tolerant rice plants by this method, and suggest candidate genes that could be targeted to confer herbicide tolerance by HR-dependent GT.View full abstractDownload PDF (385K) Full view HTML -
Seiji Hitaoka, Hiroshi Chuman2013 Volume 38 Issue 2 Pages 60-67
Published: May 20, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2013
Advance online publication: April 07, 2013JOURNAL FREE ACCESS FULL-TEXT HTMLThis review paper is based on the lecture presented in Kyoto on August 25th, 2012, by one of the authors (HC) in the Memorial Symposium for the 50th Anniversary of the Hansch–Fujita Approach; however, several parts have been added. The current paper contains (I) a formulation of an extended one of the well-known Hansch–Fujita QSAR analysis, but a new promising one (called linear expression by representative energy terms (LERE)-QSAR), which can consider ligand–protein interactions explicitly by using modern molecular calculations on a whole ligand–protein complex, and (II) applications of the LERE-QSAR analysis to several cases.View full abstractDownload PDF (1865K) Full view HTML
Original Articles
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Muhammad Naeem Mushtaq, Yukari Sunohara, Hiroshi Matsumoto2013 Volume 38 Issue 2 Pages 68-73
Published: May 20, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2013
Advance online publication: May 10, 2013JOURNAL FREE ACCESS FULL-TEXT HTMLl-DOPA (l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) is a bioactive secondary metabolite which inhibits growth of many weed species. However, its mode of action is not well elucidated in plants. The present studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of l-DOPA on root growth of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and the possible involvement of quinoproteins (quinone-incorporated proteins) in phytotoxicity of l-DOPA. The results revealed that l-DOPA significantly inhibited root growth, induced cell death, increased polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, reduced free cysteine content, and enhanced quinoprotein formation in cucumber roots. The decrease in free cysteine content and increase in PPO activity suggested that quinones covalently bind with cysteine to form quinoproteins. The quinoproteins may be involved in phytotoxic action of l-DOPA in cucumber roots.View full abstractDownload PDF (1359K) Full view HTML -
Ya-Ling Bi, Wei-Tang Liu, Ling-Xu Li, Guo-Hui Yuan, Tao Jin, Jin-Xin W ...2013 Volume 38 Issue 2 Pages 74-77
Published: May 20, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2013
Advance online publication: May 10, 2013JOURNAL FREE ACCESS FULL-TEXT HTMLJapanese foxtail (Alopecurus japonicus) has developed resistance to the acetolactate synthase (ALS) herbicide mesosulfuron-methyl, which has been used continuously for several years in winter wheat fields in eastern China. To ascertain the resistance degree of A. japonicus to mesosulfuron-methyl, whole-plant bioassays and in vitro inhibition assays were conducted. The results of the whole-plant bioassays showed that the resistance index of the resistant population, JS-5, to mesosulfuron-methyl was 100-fold higher than that of the susceptible population, JS-7, and the in vitro activity assays confirmed that the ALS sensitivity of the JS-5 to mesosulfuron-methyl was reduced. To further investigate the molecular basis of the resistance, the ALS genes of the JS-5 and JS-7 populations were cloned, sequenced, and compared. Gene sequence analysis revealed a proline-to-threonine substitution at amino acid position 197 of ALS in Domain A that potentially confers the resistance of A. japonicus to mesosulfuron-methyl in the JS-5 population.View full abstractDownload PDF (190K) Full view HTML -
Meiqiang Li, Geyun You, Hao Peng, Hongwu He2013 Volume 38 Issue 2 Pages 78-84
Published: May 20, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2013
Advance online publication: May 14, 2013JOURNAL FREE ACCESS FULL-TEXT HTMLA series of new methyl methyl[1-(substituted phenoxyacetoxy)alkyl]phosphinates was designed and synthesized. Their structures were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 31P NMR, MS and elemental analysis. The results of bioassay showed that some of the target compounds exhibited excellent herbicidal activities to Triticum aestivum L, Digitaria sanguinalis Scop, Echinochloa crusgalli Beava, Brassica napus L., and Cirsium japonicum DC in pre- and post-emergence treatment at a dosage of 150 g ai/ha. It could be found that the structure of substituent X or Y on a benzene ring had a very important effect on herbicidal activity; compounds 7a, 7b, 7c, and 7i have especially enhanced herbicidal activity and higher selectivity between monocotyledon crops and weeds.View full abstractDownload PDF (245K) Full view HTML
Notes
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Jae Su Kim, Yeon Ho Je, Margaret Skinner, Bruce L. Parker2013 Volume 38 Issue 2 Pages 85-87
Published: May 20, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2013
Advance online publication: April 07, 2013JOURNAL FREE ACCESS FULL-TEXT HTMLWhen the insect-killing (entomopathogenic) fungal supernatant is considered for biological pest control, incorporation of an appropriate surfactant is required to allow the supernatant to work on insect cuticles. The Beauveria bassiana (SFB-205) supernatant with less ethoxylated isotridecyl alcohol (TDE) had higher insecticidal activity against adults of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Incorporation of TDE to the supernatant increased the potency of the fungal supernatant in an ethoxylation-dependent manner, representing a practical approach to effectively control cotton aphids.View full abstractDownload PDF (90K) Full view HTML -
Ting Zhang, Ruliang Xie, Tao Zhang, Xiangdong Mei, Junjiao Yang, Jun N ...2013 Volume 38 Issue 2 Pages 88-90
Published: May 20, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2013
Advance online publication: May 10, 2013JOURNAL FREE ACCESS FULL-TEXT HTML
Supplementary materialA novel series of oxime ethers were designed and synthesized, and their biological activity was also examined. Among the 25 newly synthesized compounds, many compounds exhibited good larvicidal activity against Myzus persicae, the most potent being 4-methoxybenzaldehyde O-(4-bromobenzyl) oxime. EC50 values showed that several compounds exhibited excellent fungicidal activity against Rhizoctonia solani but not for Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.View full abstractDownload PDF (120K) Full view HTML
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