巻号一覧
40 巻 (2015)
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40 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の16件中1～16を表示しています
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Review Article
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片木 敏行, 於勢 佳子2015 年 40 巻 3 号 p. 69-81
発行日: 2015/08/20
公開日: 2015/08/20
[早期公開] 公開日: 2015/06/12ジャーナル フリー HTMLThe toxic effects of pesticides on earthworms, one of the most important bioindicators in the terrestrial environment, are closely related to their body burden determined by uptake, metabolism and excretion processes. Not only the passive diffusion via the outer skin from a dissolved fraction of pesticide but also the ingestion of contaminated soil and food governs the uptake process, with each contribution controlled by either the hydrophobicity of the pesticide or the soil organic matter. Although the available information is limited, earthworms are likely to metabolize pesticides via hydrolysis and oxidation (Phase I) followed by conjugation (Phase II), and low bioaccumulation is observed as a result for most pesticides. The acute toxicity in the soil exposure can be partly explained by the dissolved fraction of pesticide in pore water, but the contribution of dietary uptake and metabolism should be further studied to correctly evaluate pesticide toxicity.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (353K) HTML形式で全画面表示
Original Articles
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Bandana Bandana, Neelam Sharma, Robin Joshi, Ashu Gulati, Shobha Sondh ...2015 年 40 巻 3 号 p. 82-86
発行日: 2015/08/20
公開日: 2015/08/20
[早期公開] 公開日: 2015/06/24ジャーナル フリー HTMLA study was conducted to determine the dissipation of glyphosate applied at three dose levels in tea crop in mid hill conditions of northwest Himalaya, India in two consecutive seasons. More than 65% of the initial residues in the soil were found to have dissipated within 30 days following application to the tea irrespective of the dose. Glyphosate persisted in the soil for up to 30, 45 and 60 days at application doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 kg/ha, respectively. Glyphosate residues in the tea leaves were detected for up to 15 days with all three treatments. Half lives of glyphosate ranged from 5.80 to 19.10 days in the soil of the tea fields and 5.82 to 7.91 days in the tea leaves at the three doses. Glyphosate concentrations in the tea leaves were found to be below the maximum residue limit (1 mg/kg).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (168K) HTML形式で全画面表示 -
杉立 久仁代, 坂 真智子2015 年 40 巻 3 号 p. 87-91
発行日: 2015/08/20
公開日: 2015/08/20
[早期公開] 公開日: 2015/06/04ジャーナル フリー HTML
電子付録Matrix removal ability of several new types of Solid Phase Extraction (SPEs) column was tested. E-HyCu is made of new type of material, chemically-modified carbon fibers, and can remove food components, monoacylglycerols, tocopherols, and sterols, etc. Z-Sep+ and Z-Sep/C18 are also new types of materials that contain zirconium dioxide. Z-Sep+ and Z-Sep/C18 are used for high lipid samples as the dispersive SPE in the QuEChERS method. We evaluated these sorbents as filled up columns. In our previous study, we reported that when the analytical method based on the multiresidue method is applied, monoacylglycerols are the most significant components that cause a matrix enhancement effect on pesticides in food using GC-MS. These new types of SPEs could remove not only monoacylglycerols, but also fatty acids, tocopherols, flavonoids, and sterols. The matrix enhancement effects of approximately 260 pesticides spiked in brown rice extracts pretreated with these SPEs were dramatically reduced.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (290K) HTML形式で全画面表示 -
鈴木 洋平, 古田 賢次郎, 前田 慶, 横井 翔, 三浦 健, 田中 利治, 水口 智江可2015 年 40 巻 3 号 p. 92-98
発行日: 2015/08/20
公開日: 2015/08/20
[早期公開] 公開日: 2015/06/30ジャーナル フリー HTMLInsect juvenile hormone (JH) agonists have been utilized as insect growth regulators for pest management against several pest insect species. We investigated insecticidal activity and the induction ratios of two JH-inducible genes, Krüppel homolog 1 (Kr-h1) and broad (br), using 12 test compounds in the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). In insecticidal assays against propupae to inhibit metamorphosis to the adult, the activities of pyriproxyfen, KF-13, ETB, and KF-31 were potent at 10 mM, while those of the other 8 test chemicals were not. In quantitative RT-PCR, these 4 chemicals up-regulated the transcript levels of Kr-h1 and br, while the induction of transcription by chemicals with lower insecticidal activities was relatively small. Thus, the induction ratios of Kr-h1 and br correlated with insecticidal activity. Assessments of the induction ratios of these genes may be a useful method in the preliminary screening of JH agonists.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (462K) HTML形式で全画面表示 -
山﨑 清志, 鶴田 宏樹, 乾 秀之2015 年 40 巻 3 号 p. 99-105
発行日: 2015/08/20
公開日: 2015/08/20
[早期公開] 公開日: 2015/06/12ジャーナル フリー HTML
電子付録From previous reports, uptake and accumulation of organic compounds by plant roots are strongly related to water solubility. However, the relation between uptake pathways and water solubility remains unclear. Here, we used confocal laser scanning microscopy to observe the uptake of fluorescent hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds in the living roots of Cucurbita pepo. We found strong regulation of the uptake of berberine, a hydrophobic compound at the endodermal Casparian strip, as previously reported, and similar regulation was also observed in the pericycle. Berberine was loaded into and transported upward through the protoxylem. Perylene, a highly hydrophobic compound, in contrast, passed through the Casparian strip and accumulated preferentially in the endodermis and pericycle. The results of our solvent extraction suggested that perylene diffused into the non-aqueous phase. Therefore, the uptake pathways for the hydrophilic and hydrophobic compoundss are different. These results offer a new way to understand the uptake of agrochemicals and pollutants and to select host plants for phytoremediation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (5357K) HTML形式で全画面表示 -
Shobha Sondhia, Pramraj Jagoji Khankhane, Pradyuman Kumar Singh, Ajit ...2015 年 40 巻 3 号 p. 106-110
発行日: 2015/08/20
公開日: 2015/08/20
[早期公開] 公開日: 2015/07/24ジャーナル フリー HTMLImazethapyr is widely used in soybean, and leguminous crops for control of wide variety of broad leaf weed species. A study was conducted to evaluate residues of imazethapyr in the soil and soybean grain at five different locations in India. Imazethapyr was applied at 100 g/ha, as a post emergence herbicide to control weeds in soybean fields. Residues of imazethapyr were found in the range from 0.006 to 0.018 µg/g in the soybean grains samples in all five locations. However in the soil, residues were found to be below 0.0010 µg/g in four locations, and 0.0015 µg/g in one location. Less residues were found in soils as compared to plant samples. Based on this study a pre-harvest interval of 90–102 days is suggested for soybean crops after imazethapyr application. This indicates the judicious use of imazethapyr by farmers in soybean fields.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (120K) HTML形式で全画面表示 -
冨ヶ原 祥隆, 樽井 弘和, 永堀 博久, 杉本 健二, 茂木 正行, 西岡 和彦, 川村 聡, Naohiko Isobe, 奥野 泰由, ...2015 年 40 巻 3 号 p. 111-123
発行日: 2015/08/20
公開日: 2015/08/20
[早期公開] 公開日: 2015/07/23ジャーナル フリー HTML
電子付録There are species differences regarding the developmental toxicity of procymidone (Sumilex®), a fungicide with a weak anti-androgenic activity. To clarify key factors of these species differences, pharmacokinetic and excretion studies in rats, rabbits, and monkeys were conducted using 14C-labeled procymidone. One hydroxylated metabolite of procymidone (Hydroxylated-PCM: very weak anti-androgen) was found to exist longer and at a much higher concentration in rat plasma than in rabbit and monkey plasma. In rabbits and monkeys, Hydroxylated-PCM was transformed into a glucuronic acid conjugate (Hydroxylated-PCM-glucuronide: non-anti-androgen) and rapidly excreted into urine as a major metabolite. On the other hand, it was a minor metabolite in rat urine. The results of biliary excretion studies indicated that these species differences were caused by the species differences in the biliary excretion of Hydroxylated-PCM-glucuronide; this variation in biliary excretion rate was concluded to be related to species differences in developmental toxicity.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1212K) HTML形式で全画面表示 -
竪石 秀明, 須賀 晴久2015 年 40 巻 3 号 p. 124-129
発行日: 2015/08/20
公開日: 2015/08/20
[早期公開] 公開日: 2015/07/24ジャーナル フリー HTML
電子付録Sensitivities to ipconazole of 50 isolates of the Fusarium (Gibberella) fujikuroi species complex (Ff complex) obtained from rice in Japan before 1994 (group A: before the launch of ipconazole) and 65 isolates after 1994 (group B) were investigated. Most isolates were identified as Fusarium fujikuroi, while 5 isolates in group A and 4 isolates in group B were identified as Fusarium proliferatum with species diagnostic PCR-RFLPs. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range, profiles in sensitivity to ipconazole and gibberellin production were similar in both groups. Gibberellin production was detected in the F. fujikuroi isolates with higher sensitivity to ipconazole but not in the isolates with lower sensitivity and F. proliferatum. High efficacy of ipconazole against rice “Bakanae” disease was confirmed by using the gibberellin-producing F. fujikuroi isolates in group B. No shift in sensitivity to ipconazole was verified and this may contribute to the stable efficacy against rice “Bakanae” disease.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (217K) HTML形式で全画面表示 -
宮本 貢, 齋藤 昇二, 藤澤 卓生, 片木 敏行2015 年 40 巻 3 号 p. 130-137
発行日: 2015/08/20
公開日: 2015/08/20
[早期公開] 公開日: 2015/07/24ジャーナル フリー HTMLThe bioconcentration and metabolism of 14C-labeled trans-isomers of tetramethrin (I) [3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalimidomethyl (1RS)-trans-chrysanthemate] in bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) were examined under flow-through conditions. Ester cleavage followed by rapid liberation of a hydroxymethyl group from the alcohol moiety resulted in the formation of trans-chrysanthemic acid (VI) and 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalimide (III) as primary metabolites in fish. III was either hydrolyzed to the diacid (V) or reduced at the 1,2-double bond (IV). VI and its metabolites formed through successive oxidation at the isobutenyl moiety were further conjugated with glucuronic acid or taurine. The rapid and extensive metabolism of trans-I with a short depuration half-life of 0.54–0.72 days resulted in a much lower bioconcentration factor (BCF), 180–310, than expected from its hydrophobicity (log Kow=4.6). The BCF value of its cis-isomer was conveniently estimated to be 230–400 by taking into account the different degradation rates between both isomers evaluated through an in vitro metabolism study.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (454K) HTML形式で全画面表示
Note
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Mingzhen Mao, Yuxin Li, Qiaoxia Liu, Lixia Xiong, Xiao Zhang, Zhengmin ...2015 年 40 巻 3 号 p. 138-142
発行日: 2015/08/20
公開日: 2015/08/20
[早期公開] 公開日: 2015/07/24ジャーナル フリー HTML
電子付録Based on the commercial insecticide chlorantraniliprole, a series of novel N-pyridylpyrazole derivatives containing 1,2,3-triazole moieties were designed and synthesized via Huisgen cycloaddition reaction. The insecticidal activities of the new compounds against the oriental armyworm (Mythimna separata) were evaluated, of which compound Ib with an N-isopropyl anthranilic amide moiety displayed 100% larvicidal activities against Mythimna separata at a concentration of 10 mg/L. Moreover, the fungicidal activities of some target compounds in vitro against five fungi at 50 µg⁄mL indicated that some compounds exhibited moderate fungicidal activities.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (452K) HTML形式で全画面表示
Society Awards 2015
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野下 浩二2015 年 40 巻 3 号 p. 143-145
発行日: 2015/08/20
公開日: 2015/08/20
[早期公開] 公開日: 2015/07/24ジャーナル フリー HTMLHeteropterans, or true bug, produce foul-smelling odors commonly composed of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and their derivatives such as 4-oxo-(E)-2-hexenal that play important roles in chemical defense and communication. However, the defensive roles of each scent gland components are not well understood. In this study, repellent, feeding deterrent, toxic and antimicrobial effects of each scent gland component were evaluated using chemical identification and behavioral assays. (E)-2-Hexenal and (E)-2-octenal showed repellent activities against insect predators. (E)-2-Octenal also functioned as feeding deterrent agaist the predators. Our predator behavioral assays revealed that OHE was deterrent and toxic but not repellent against the predators. This compound also induced permanent locomotive impairment in crickets that correlates with free thiol depletion. All of the α,β-unsaturated aldehydes showed antimicrobial activities. Having diverse defensive components that function differently in a blend could fortify the heteropteran chemical defense system.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (343K) HTML形式で全画面表示 -
渡辺 文太2015 年 40 巻 3 号 p. 146-151
発行日: 2015/08/20
公開日: 2015/08/20
[早期公開] 公開日: 2015/07/23ジャーナル フリー HTMLEcdysteroids and brassinosteroids are steroid hormones that regulate insect molting and plant growth, respectively. In this study, novel ecdysteroids and brassinosteroids were designed and synthesized, and their biological activity was evaluated. Structure-activity relationship details between the structure of the steroid skeleton of ecdysteroids and their molting hormone receptor binding activity, as well as between the side chain structure of brassinosteroids and their plant hormonal activity were investigated. The results of these investigations suggested that in order to exhibit hormonal activity in insects or plants, the structure of the side chain in these hormones should be more important than that of the steroidal core skeleton.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (619K) HTML形式で全画面表示 -
中尾 俊史2015 年 40 巻 3 号 p. 152-159
発行日: 2015/08/20
公開日: 2015/08/20
[早期公開] 公開日: 2015/07/10ジャーナル フリー HTMLIn this study, a novel A2′N mutation that confers fipronil resistance was found in the membrane-spanning region M2 of the RDL GABA receptor from fipronil-resistant planthoppers in the heterozygous state. Furthermore, rapid monitoring methods using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment polymorphism were employed to detect fipronil-resistant planthoppers carrying the A2′N mutation. It was found that 3-benzamido-N-[4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl]benzamides (meta-diamides) comprise a distinct class of RDL GABA receptor antagonists with high insecticidal activity. A membrane potential assay demonstrated that meta-diamides acted on A2′ mutant RDL GABA receptors at the same level as the wild-type RDL GABA receptor. In addition, meta-diamides may act on the M1–M3 intersubunit pocket, whereas cyclodienes and fipronil act on the A2′ residue in the pore formed by M2s. Thus, meta-diamides are expected to be effective against cyclodiene- and fipronil-resistant pests carrying A2′ mutations. Meta-diamides also exhibited high selectivity toward insect RDL GABA receptors.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (4093K) HTML形式で全画面表示 -
藤田 茂樹, 平岡 学, 池内 利祐, 小林 方美2015 年 40 巻 3 号 p. 160-164
発行日: 2015/08/20
公開日: 2015/08/20
[早期公開] 公開日: 2015/07/24ジャーナル フリー HTMLWe tried to develop a novel easy-to-use labor-saving formulation. And we have developed the “MAMETSUBU” formulation for paddy fields. This formulation has 3 to 8 mm diameters and disperses on the surface of water. This is a highly labor-saving formulation that can be applied from the levees by various methods without the necessity of stepping into the paddy fields. The conditions that disturb diffusion of an active ingredient in the “MAMETSUBU” formulation often changes. Therefore, spreading property of an active ingredient in the formulations was evaluated not only in small experimental fields but also in the actual paddy fields. In all of the experiments, the spreading property of the active ingredient was found sufficient enough for the formulations to be practically used. The conditions of paddy fields are usually not the same, but the “MAMETSUBU” formulation is a new formulation that can be reasonably applied.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (9684K) HTML形式で全画面表示 -
上野 英二2015 年 40 巻 3 号 p. 165-172
発行日: 2015/08/20
公開日: 2015/08/20
[早期公開] 公開日: 2015/08/05ジャーナル フリー HTMLIn Japan, the Positive List System for the regulation of agricultural chemical residues in foods has been in force since May 29, 2006. Moreover, food poisoning caused by methamidophos-laced frozen gyōza dumplings came to light on Jan. 30, 2008. The news has set off alarms about the safety of not only perishables but also unexpected pesticides in processed foods. Therefore, a reliable systematic method was developed for determining pesticide residues in various foods. Firstly, ca. 200 target pesticides were selected by statistically analyzing the monitoring data in Aichi Prefecture. Secondly, a systematic method using plural separation and detection systems combining GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS as first priority was constructed. As the sample preparation method corresponding to the systematic method, a simple and easy acetonitrile extraction method, an auto-cleanup system combining GPC and mini-column SPE were developed. Thirdly, a new official multi-residue method that is able to determine a wide range of pesticides in various foods including fatty processed foods was developed. And finally, a comprehensive chromatographic detection system by dual-column GC-MS(/MS) and an interactive database without the use of pesticide standards was commercialized.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (4875K) HTML形式で全画面表示
Erratum
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2015 年 40 巻 3 号 p. 173
発行日: 2015/08/20
公開日: 2015/08/20
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (25K)
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