Journal of Pesticide Science
Online ISSN : 1349-0923
Print ISSN : 1348-589X
ISSN-L : 0385-1559
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Volume 41, Issue 1
Displaying 1-4 of 4 articles from this issue
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Original Article
  • Soil and environmental factors affecting the efficacy of pyroxasulfone for weed control
    Yoshihiro Yamaji, Hisashi Honda, Ryo Hanai, Jun Inoue
    2016 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 1-5
    Published: February 20, 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2016
    Advance online publication: January 11, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.D15-047
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    Pyroxasulfone inhibits very-long-chain fatty acid elongase in susceptible weeds and facilitates preemergence weed control. Pyroxasulfone showed 98% control of Echinochloa crus-galli (ECHCG) for up to 63 days at a use rate lower than that of chloroacetamide herbicides. ED90 of pyroxasulfone against ECHCG in soil with high organic matter (OM) content did not differ significantly from that in lower OM soils. The low water solubility and the low vapor pressure of pyroxasulfone resulted in limited horizontal diffusion on the soil surface and low risk of volatilization, respectively. The herbicidal efficacy of pyroxasulfone was affected by clod size and improved with smooth soil surface preparation.
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  • Ecological effect assessment by species sensitivity distribution for 68 pesticides used in Japanese paddy fields
    Takashi Nagai
    2016 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 6-14
    Published: February 20, 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2016
    Advance online publication: December 29, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.D15-056
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    In this study, the species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) of 68 pesticides commonly used in Japanese paddy fields were analyzed based on collected acute toxicity data as a higher-tier ecological effect assessment. Then, based on each SSD, the 5% hazardous concentration (HC5) values were calculated as the predicted no-effect concentrations for aquatic ecosystems. The differences between HC5 and registration criteria were small (within 10-fold) for 50 of the 68 pesticides. However, there were more than 10-fold differences for 9 insecticides and 9 herbicides of specific modes of action. These results suggest that the current effect assessment scheme could underestimate the effect of such pesticides. This is caused by the mode of action specific properties of species sensitivity difference.
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  • Synthesis and biological activity of novel benzimidazole derivatives as potential antifungal agents
    Weijie Si, Tao Zhang, Yaofa Li, Dongmei She, Wenliang Pan, Zhanlin Gao ...
    2015 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 15-19
    Published: November 20, 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2016
    Advance online publication: December 29, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.D15-037
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    In the present study, a series of novel benzimidazole derivatives containing chrysanthemum acid moieties was designed and synthesized. Preliminary investigation of biological activity indicated that all of the compounds exhibited lower activity than that of beta-cypermethrin against Plutella xylostella and Lipaphis erysimi; meanwhile, they showed good inhibitory activity against Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in vitro. The fungicidal activity of compound 8a against B. cinerea was approximately equal to that of thiabendazole and was twice as active against S. sclerotiorum as was thiabendazole. In addition, compound 9e displayed the most potent inhibitory activity against both fungi and was almost twice as potent as thiabendazole.
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  • Biodegradation of cyromazine by melamine-degrading bacteria
    Takashi Hatakeyama, Kazuhiro Takagi, Koji Ito
    2015 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 20-24
    Published: November 20, 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2016
    Advance online publication: January 06, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.D15-044
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    Biodegradation of cyromazine was investigated in liquid cultures using three melamine-degrading bacteria Arthrobacter sp. MCO, Arthrobacter sp. CSP and Nocardioides sp. ATD6. Experiments were performed aerobically in a mineral medium with glucose as a carbon source and cyromazine as the sole nitrogen source. All three strains of bacteria degraded cyromazine. Cyromazine at 23 mg/L completely disappeared by Arthrobacter sp. MCO within 7 days. The bacterial density of all three strains increased with degradation of the cyromazine. The cyromazine metabolite N-cyclopropylammeline was detected and identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS). This is the first report on the use of Arthrobacter sp. and Nocardioides sp. for cyromazine degradation and the occurrence of bacterial growth with cyromazine degradation.
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