Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the job demands and job resources of public health nurses based on the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model, and to build a model that can estimate turnover intention based on job demands and job resources.
Method By adding 12 items to the existing questionnaire, the author created a questionnaire consisting of 10 factors and 167 items, and used statistical analysis to examine job demands and job resources in relation to turnover intention.
Results Out of 2,668 questionnaires sent, 1993 (72.5%) were returned. Considering sex-based differences in occupational stress, I analyzed women's answers in 1766 (66.2%) mails among the 1798 valid responses. The average age of respondents was 41.0±9.8 years, and the mean service duration was 17.0±10.0 years. For public health nurses, there was a turnover intention of 9.2%.
 The “job demands” section consisted of 29 items and 10 factors, while the “job resources” section consisted of 54 items and 22 factors.
 The result of examining the structure of job demands and job resources, leading to turnover intention was supported by the JD-R model. Turnover intention was strong and the Mental Component Summary (MCS) is low in those who had many job demands and few job resources (experiencing ‘burn-out’). Enhancement of work engagement and turnover intention was weak in those who had many job resources. This explained approximately 60% of the dispersion to “burn-out”, and approximately 40% to “work engagement”, with four factors: work suitability, work significance, positive work self-balance, and growth opportunity of job resources.
Conclusion This study revealed that turnover intention is strong in those who are burned out because of many job demands. Enhancement of work engagement and turnover intention is weak in those with many job resources. This suggests that suitable staffing and organized efforts to raise awareness of job significance are effective in reducing turnover intention.

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Objectives The aim of this study was to examine the association between the number of neighborhood facilities that were assessed according to postal code and objectively measured physical activity by using an accelerometer in community-dwelling Japanese people.
Methods The participants included 1,274 Japanese people aged 30-84 years from the Saku cohort study. As neighborhood facilities related to physical activity, we extracted information regarding train stations, supermarkets/convenience stores, postal offices/banks, hospitals/clinics, public offices/community centers, cultural facilities/public children's houses, parks, and sports facilities by using each participant's postal code from the online version of the iTownPages directory published by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT) and the official homepage of the Saku City Government Office. We measured each participant's physical activity level using an accelerometer, and calculated the average daily step count and the average weekly period of moderate-to-vigorous intensity (≥3 metabolic equivalents of tasks [METs]) physical activity. The association between two selected physical activity-related variables and the numbers of eight types of neighborhood facilities were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis for people aged 30-64 years and for those aged over 65 years.
Results On multivariate logistic regression analysis, meeting the 23 METs h/week of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity was significantly and positively associated with the number of supermarkets/convenience stores in the neighborhood in both age groups. In addition, meeting the desired daily step count outlined in the Japanese National Health Promotion guidelines was positively related to the number of postal offices/banks for people aged over 65 years.
Conclusion The results of this study suggest that a sufficient number of neighborhood facilities (i.e., stores, banks, and postal offices) is closely associated with the promotion of physical activity.

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Purpose To clarify the care burden and associated factors among parents of adults with developmental disabilities in order to obtain suggestions for the family supports.
Methods Subjects included 125 parents of adults (aged 18 or older) with developmental disabilities. All parents belonged to and/or contacted parents' associations, mental health welfare centers, and support centers for persons with developmental disabilities in the Tokyo metropolitan area. Participants completed self-report questionnaire surveys from October to November 2011. Questionnaire items included parent and adult demographic factors, parent care burden, disability state, and support available from family and others. The level of care burden was measured using the short Japanese version of the Zarit Burden Interview (J-ZBI_8).
Results A total of 64 responses were analyzed. The mean J-ZBI_8 score was 12.8 (SD=7.2). Adults' most common diagnoses were autism (50%), Asperger's syndrome (25%), and pervasive developmental disorder (20%). state of daily life (P=0.041) and presence of secondary disability (P=0.001) were associated with parents' care burden in age-adjusted multiple linear regression analysis.
Discussion Overall, the results suggest that it is important to assess developmental disability status and family support when developing programs to reduce parental care burden.

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Objective This study aimed to investigate the preparedness of pharmacies to provide DOTS in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan, and to analyze the feasibility of this system with a view toward providing a basis for future administrative studies to consider its adoption.
Methods A self-administered mail questionnaire survey was conducted, involving the owners (mostly pharmacists) of 533 pharmacies belonging to designated medical institutions for tuberculosis treatment in Nagasaki Prefecture, seeking information on the following: 1) respondent attributes, 2) pharmacy-related information, 3) experience of participating in tuberculosis-related academic meetings, 4) recognition of DOTS and desire to cooperate with the pharmacy DOTS system and participate in related workshops, and 5) challenges and requirements of the provision of DOTS at pharmacies. Responses were analyzed using the chi-square test, focusing on factors related to the respondents’ desire to cooperate with the pharmacy DOTS system and participate in related workshops. The significance level was set at P<0.05.
Results On analyzing 212 valid responses (valid response rate: 39.8%), “participating in academic meetings or related workshops”, “supporting patients with tuberculosis”, “recognizing DOTS”, “recognizing the pharmacy DOTS system”, “calculating additional medical fees for standard dispensing”, and “establishing community liaison systems” were significantly correlated with “wishing to cooperate with the pharmacy DOTS system”. Furthermore, age under 50, in addition to “participating in academic meetings or related workshops”, “supporting patients with tuberculosis”, “recognizing DOTS”, “recognizing the pharmacy DOTS system”, “calculating additional medical fees for standard dispensing”, and “establishing community liaison systems” were significantly correlated with “wishing to participate in related workshops”. More than 60% and 50% of the respondents mentioned “tuberculosis-related knowledge and information” and “pharmacy manpower”, respectively, as requirements for the provision of DOTS at pharmacies.
Conclusion Pharmacies interested in “calculating additional medical fees for standard dispensing” and “establishing community liaison systems”, as well as pharmacy owners younger than 50 who actively participate in tuberculosis-related academic meetings or similar activities are likely to cooperate with the pharmacy DOTS system in the future. It was also suggested that sufficient preparation for the adoption of this system, such as promoting collaboration between administrative offices and medical institutions and holding workshops on tuberculosis and the system, would contribute to its feasibility in Nagasaki Prefecture.

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