Journal of the Japan Petroleum Institute
Online ISSN : 1349-273X
Print ISSN : 1346-8804
ISSN-L : 1346-8804
Volume 64, Issue 6
Displaying 1-4 of 4 articles from this issue
Review Paper
  • Kazuhiro MATSUMOTO
    Article type: Review Paper
    2021 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages 307-316
    Published: November 01, 2021
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2021
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    Precise oligomeric materials that lie between the low-molecular-weight discrete molecules and high-molecular-weight disperse polymers constitute a growing research area not only in terms of fundamental studies but also for various applications. In the field of silicone (polysiloxane) materials, several research groups have reported various methods for the synthesis of discrete oligosiloxanes but improvement in the control of siloxane sequences is still desirable. This review highlights our recent contributions to the precise synthesis of discrete sequence-defined oligosiloxanes by controlled iteration of B(C6F5)3-catalyzed reactions. As controlled iteration can be performed in one pot, various discrete sequence-defined oligosiloxanes can be more readily synthesized in comparison to the other reported methods.

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  • Yanyong LIU
    Article type: Review Paper
    2021 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages 317-330
    Published: November 01, 2021
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2021
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    This review of the author’s research introduces the catalytic reactions for the conversion of various biomass feedstocks to liquid transportation fuels, especially to liquid hydrocarbon fuels. Catalytic reactions in the following chemical processes were included: conversion of synthesis gas (obtained from the gasification of woody biomass) to liquid fuels (hydrocarbons and alcohols); conversion of vegetable oils to liquid hydrocarbons; conversion of algae oils to liquid hydrocarbons; and conversion of bioethanol to liquid hydrocarbons. Polymerization and hydrotreatment were two main catalytic technologies in these chemical processes. The polymerization reactions included Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, mixed alcohols synthesis, and ethylene oligomerization. Hydrotreatment reactions included cracking, isomerization, and deoxygenation. Metal catalysts, solid acid catalysts, and bifunctional catalysts containing metal and solid acid were developed for the reactions. Slurry reactor, fixed-bed flow reactor, and autoclave batch reactor were used according to the requirements of the various reactions. Active metal species, support effect, and balance between metal and solid acid in the bifunctional catalysts were discussed in the development of active catalysts. Using these catalysts and processes, various biomass feedstocks could be converted to hydrocarbon biofuels with the same chemical compositions as conventional petroleum-derived gasoline, diesel, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) fuel, and jet fuel.

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Regular Paper
  • Wenxi ZHU, Xiuhua ZHENG
    Article type: Regular Paper
    2021 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages 331-339
    Published: November 01, 2021
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2021
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    Aphrons are ideal sealing materials and colloidal gas aphron (CGA) drilling fluids have been successfully applied in solving huge leakage problems. As the increase of well temperature, filtration and sealing characteristics of CGA drilling fluids at high-temperature are more concerned, yet less investigated. This study revealed an easily biodegradable CGA drilling fluid system generated by modified starch polymer EST and glycine surfactants AGS-12. Its high-temperature high-pressure (HTHP) filtration performance was evaluated through API filtration test, HTHP filtration test (150-200 °C, 3.5 MPa), and the HTHP sand disc experiment (150 °C, 3.5 MPa). Results indicated that the EST-CGA is a strong sealing ability drilling fluid system with temperature resistance of 200 °C and pressure resistance of 3.5 MPa. It can effectively seal the reservoirs with pore-throat diameters twice the microbubbles average diameter. The optimal sealing effect can be obtained when the ratio of the centralized tendency of the mircobubbles and the average pore-throat diameter was close to 1 : 1. The great improvement in HTHP filtration performance of EST-CGA was attributed to the introduction of rigid temperature-resistant groups and hydration groups in the EST-CGA system, as well as the formation of hydrogen bonds between N—H/O—H and COO.

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Letter
  • Hideo NAGATA, Sakiho IZUMI, Rina YAMASHITA, Yuki JOHNO
    Article type: Letter
    2021 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages 340-343
    Published: November 01, 2021
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2021
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    Catalytic combustion of an organic compound is characterized by an S-shaped curve for the temperature dependence of the reaction. Expression of this S-shaped curve with a mathematical function would allow highly accurate analysis based on a small number of data points. This study used toluene combustion over a γ-alumina-supported platinum catalyst as an example of a catalytic combustion reaction, and investigated whether the temperature dependence of the toluene conversion could be expressed by a logistic function. The parameters were obtained from the reaction data using a single regression analysis. The logistic function well represented the experimental data using the linear relationship as the function of temperature. Furthermore, the temperature at which the toluene conversion reaches 50 % can be objectively determined.

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