石油学会誌

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For recovery of petrochemical resources from waste polymeric materials, Phenolic resin was liquefied by hydrocracking and the effects of reaction conditions were studied. The results are as follows:
i) Of the filling gases tested, H₂ was the most effective for promoting the liquefaction but none of He, N₂, CO₂, CO and H₂O was effective.
ii) Of the catalysts tested, the Urushibara Ni catalyst and Pt-C catalyst were the most effective for poromoting the liquefaction. A maximum liquefaction of 86.7wt% was realized from the resin sample (MP-120HH) manufactured by Gunei Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd. under the following conditions: reaction temperature, 480°C; reaction time, 90 minutes; particle size of the sample, 20-100mesh; stirring, 60rpm; initial hydrogen pressure, 50kg/cm²•G; program rate of temperature, 200°C/30min; catalyst, Pt-C catalyst (5wt% based on the sample). The composition of the liquid in this case shows, however, that phenol dropped to 19.1wt% (against 47.2wt% in the absence of a catalyst), while benzene and toluene increased markedly, in particular, toluene reached 24.5wt% against 10wt% or so for other catalysts.
iii) Not only phenolic resin (novolak) but also phenolic resins for molding were treated in the same manner. For example, the base resin PR-217 manufactured by Sumitomo Durez Co., Ltd. plus 6.85wt% of hexamine was liquefied with a yield of 43.7wt% under the same conditions as in ii) in the presence of the Pt-C catalyst.

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An aromatic C₈ mixture was separated into each component by a stepwise tert-butylation in the presence of the AlCl₃-tert-butylanisole catalyst. o-Xylene is the most reactive and butylated at first, then ethylbenzene is butylated leaving a m-, p-xylene mixture.
p-Xylene of 99.8% purity was obtained from the m-, p-xylene mixture (m:p=1:9). o-Xylene of 99.9% purity was recovered from the first butylation product. Ethylbenzene of 80-84% purity and m-xylene of 96.5% purity were also recovered.

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