Systematic studies have been made to find the most suitable stationary liquid to be used for gas chromatographic determination of methylacetylene and other C₄ acetylenes in the C₄ fraction.
Among the various polar compounds, formamide containing approximately 15wt% of β, β'-oxydipropionitrile has been found to be the most suitable as stationary liquid for the purpose.
Methyl-, ethyl-, vinyl- and dimethylacetylene can be separated from C₄ and C₅ hydrocarbon mixture, at 25°C using a column 12m long and containing fire brick C-22 impregnated with 23wt% of formamide-β, β'-oxidipropionitrile mixture.
With a flame ionization detector and with a 2ml. gas sample, the detection limit is approximately 2-3ppm.

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Knocking characteristics of some stock components of gasoline were studied under varying operating conditions by the CFR engine. The antiknock characteristics of fuels, clear or with antiknock compounds, were studied by the incipient knock limited compression ratio, which was detected from the knock characteristic dp/dt traces of the combustion chamber pressure on the cathode ray oscilloscope. Fuels used were catalytically reformed naphtha, cracked naphtha, straight-run light naphtha and some primary reference fuels.
It was shown that the lead responses of reformed naphtha and cracked naphtha were greater at richer mixture strength and at more retarded ignition timing.
It was found that the relationship between the incipient knock limited compression ratio and the lead concentration at any operating conditions at the air-fuel ratio of 14.0 could be expressed by the same type of empirical equations for octane number and lead concentration.
The effect of inlet-mixture temperature was analysed using the knock limited compression density at the end of compression stroke.
Making use of a bled manifold, the effects of volatilities of lead alkyl compounds on its distribution in the front end of fuels were observed.

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The high temperature corrosion of iron was investigated in hydrocarbon oils containing chlorine type EP additives, using the hot wire method¹⁾.
With regard to the corrosion rate, both the parabolic law and the cubic law were observed. The former law was demonstrated by the diffusion mechanism of corrosion. The cubic law was shown by the retarding action of a barrier film which was formed on the reacting surfaces, causing the decomposition of the chlorine compounds.
The complexity of the chlorine corrosion mechanism was revealed by using X-ray analysis on the formed films. The oxidation reaction and hydrolysis of formed iron chloride had to be taken into consideration in conjunction with the chlorination reaction.
In the correlation between chemical reactivity and load carrying capacity of oils containing chlorine compounds, it has been found that more active oils exhibit higher load carrying capacity.
Sulfur compounds were observed to yield higher Mean Hertz Load values than chlorine compounds of the same chemical reactivity. Conceivably, the solid lubricant films formed by sulfur and oxygen possess higher load carrying capacity than those formed by chlorine.

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Reactions and utilizations of higher alkylene oxides were investigated. The used oxides were 1, 2-epoxyoctane, 1, 2-epoxydecane and 1, 2-epoxydodecane synthesized from corresponding α-olefins by using peracetic acid. These oxides reacted easily with some organic acids, hydroxy compounds and amino compounds as compounds having active hydrogen. Higher alkylene oxides reacted also with benzene in the presence of aluminium chloride and could be polymerized in the presence of the same catalysts that had been used for the polymerizations of lower alkylene oxides. Furthermore, utilizations of the products in the reactions of oxides with some compounds having active hydrogen were investigated.

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A kinetic study on Moiseev's reaction of ethylene with acetic acid to produce vinyl acetate was made.
A rate expression obtained by the authors is:
r=k[PdCl₂]^1.2[CH₃COOH]^2.2[CH₃COONa]^0.6∼-1.1[p-benzoquinone]⁰p^1.2_C2H4 (1)
where brackets are concentrations initially supplied in the reaction vessel.

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The telomerization of ethylene and carbon tetrachloride is initiated by various amines in the absence of metallic salts in the stainless steel autoclave. In this reaction the initiating efficiency of amines depends upon their basicity and chemical structure. In general, strong bases are excellentn initiators but the strength of the basicity of amines gives only a small effect on the composition of the telomer produced. The temperature of the reaction and the dielectric constant of the solvent have pronounced effects on this reaction process. And from these observation and the other experiments, the distinction between the present initiating system and the redox system of amine-metallic salt was discussed on the basis of the reaction mechanism involved.

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The autoxidation of cumene and tetralin in the presence of benzaldehyde in the chlorobenzene solvent has been studied kinetically by means of measurements of oxygen absorption. The observed kinetics has been interpreted in the competitive oxidation mechanism postulated by Walling. The decrease and the increase of the overall absorption rate of oxygen with the change of the concentration of hydrocarbon may be explained in the terms of the high reactivity of peroxybenzoic radical and the rate of chain termination.

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Disproportionation of toluene and of xylene over two kinds of silica-alumina catalyst were studied by means of pulse flow method, using nitrogen or hydrogen as the carrier gas. The degradation of catalytic activity with successive pulses was more remarkable in the atmosphere of nitrogen than in hydrogen, although the catalytic activity itself was higher in nitrogen. This effect of hydrogen was interpreted as preventing the decomposition of reactants. The activation energy of the reaction of toluene was 18kcal/mole higher than that of xylene. This difference might be due to the difference in reactivities of both reactants. Among the mixed gel-type catalysts, silicaalumina with 20%(wt.) alumina was most active.

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In one of our early works, it was found that some onium salt type compounds exerted a strong catalytic effect on the oxidation of hydrocarbons. In the present work, the liquid phase oxidation of tetralin and p-xylene with oxygen was carried out in details in the presence of the onium salt type catalysts such as tetra-n-butylphosphonium, triphenylsulfonium, and tetraphenylphosphonium chlorides or bromides. By the use of these catalysts, tetralin was oxidized to tetralin hydroperoxide and p-xylene was converted to p-toluic acid and p-toluic aldehyde in mild conditions. The effect of triphenylsulfonium halides was more active than that of tetraphenyl-phosphonium halides and in particular the chlorides indicated an excellent ability in the oxidation.

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Kinetic parameters of a number of possible elementary reactions involved in the thermal hydrogenolysis of toluene are evaluated based on the bulk of kinetic and thermodynamic informations. More important elementary reactions are thus selected resulting in the following formulation to describe main scheme of the hydrogenolysis: C₆H₅•CH₃_??_C₆H₅•CH₂+H, H+C₆H₅•CH₃_??_H₂+C₆H₅•CH₂, H+C₆H₅•CH₃→C₆H₆+CH₃, CH₃+H₂→CH₄+H, and CH₃+C₆H₅•CH₃_??_CH₄+C₆H₅•CH₂. The proposed mechanism is shown to be in conformity with hitherto observed kinetic behaviors of the reaction.

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A kinetic study on the condensation reaction of acetaldehyde with aromatic hydrocarbons was carried out with conc. sulfuric acid catalyst. This is a homogeneous reaction between acetaldehyde and aromatic hydrocarbons dissolved in the acid phase. When using excess aromatic hydrocarbons with acetaldehyde and under vigorous agitation, the reaction was first order with respect to the concentration of acetaldehyde, and the apparent activation energy was about 10kcal/mole.
The results of the various aromatic hydrocarbons with acetaldehyde showed that the order of the relative reactivities was in good conformity with the basicity of the aromatic hydrocarbons.

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As the first step to develop the coal fuel cell, the fuel cell using humic acid as the fuel has been studied. For the type of the cell, the dissolved fuel cell at ordinary temperature has been adopted. As the positive pole a porous carbon or silverized porous carbon electrode, and as the negative pole (fuel electrode) catalytic metal electrodes such as nickel, palladium, or platinum were used respectively. As the fuel, humic acid, which was extracted from peat was used. Humic acid was dissolved in potassium hydroxide solution and filled in the fuel electrode chamber of the cell. As the electrolyte, 30 percent solution of potassium hydroxide was used and oxygen gas was blown into the solution from the positive pole.
Then the electromotive force and the discharge characteristics of the humic acid fuel cell have been measured. As the results of the experiment, an open circuit voltage higher than 0.5V was observed, and the combination of silverized carbon for positive and platinum for negative pole gave the best characteristics.
From the results of the experiments, although it cannot be considered practical yet, we may expect the fuel cell using coal as a fuel would be developed by the type using humic acid.

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