Carrying out the osmotic experiments for the adult prothallia of
Asplenium incisum Thunberg and other three species by the use of the reagents of urea and other fourteen kinds as the plasmolytica, the writer obtained the following results.
1. The cyto-physiological gradients are demonstrated in the form and duration of plasmolysis, the permeability, the osmotic value, the isotonic and the permeability coefficient, or the deplasmolysis in the cells of fern-prothallium.
2. The existence of polarities is found in the whole field of the prothallium and also in a single prothallial cell. Concerning the polarity, the writer termed the basal region of the protonema as a basal pole (protonema-pole) and the apical region of the meristem as an apical pole (meristem-pole).
3. Although the form and duration of plasmolysis are changeable in the same plasmolyticum and mol-solution according to the length of the treatment, the plasmolysis occurs earlier at the basal pole than at the apical one and it extends gradually from the former towards the latter.
4. The permeabilities of urea and glycerin are considerably high to the prothallial cell, whereas the former is more permeable than the latter at the basal region (urea-type) and less than the latter at the apical one (glycerin-type).
5. The osmotic value and permeability coefficient are lowest at the basal pole and are apt to increase approaching the meristem where the highest value is found. The isotonic coefficient appears to show the reverse result against the permeability coefficient.
6. The plastids in the prothallial cell behave themselves as if they indicated the polarity of the cell and reveal the phenomenon of “Systrophe”. clustering in a round lump at the basal pole.
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