The Japanese Journal of Nephrology
Online ISSN : 1884-0728
Print ISSN : 0385-2385
ISSN-L : 0385-2385
Volume 11, Issue 2
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
  • F. Marumo, Y. Asano, T. Sasaoka, H. Endou, S. Koshikawa, S. Ohbuchi
    1969 Volume 11 Issue 2 Pages 333-341
    Published: March 31, 1969
    Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Using the bladder of toad Bufo bufo japonicus the effects of steroids on the water, urea and sodium permeability of the biological membrane were examieed. As mineralocorticoid (aldosterone) and gluco corticoid (cortisol) were administered separatelyy to a bladder which had been made steroid-free by 14 hours' incubation, the effects of these two steroids on the permeability were examined independently. Mearsueing 11-OHCS in the bladder tissue, it is proved that the steroids are significantly decreased in. the bladder membrane. Sodium transport across the membrane was measured by the short-circuit current (SCC) technique with the method of Ussing and Zerahn. Urea permeability across the membrane was measured by 14C-urea. Water tranrfer of the toad bladder was measured volumetrically and isotopically. Trritiated water was used for the determination of water permeability of the toad bladder. Na. K-dependent ATPase activity of the homogenate of the toad bladdetr was measured with the method of Fiske-SabbaRow. Aldosterone started to increase the SCC after about 90 minutes' time-lag at the concentration of 7.5X 10-7M. The SCC was increased continuously during 5 or 6 hours. Aldosterone did not affect the water permeability of the toad bladder. As both steroids did not affect the Na, K-dependent ATPase activity of the homogenate of the bladder membrane, the SCC increasing effect of aldosterone seemed not to concern with the ATPase activity. Cortisol reduced the water permeability of the membrane in about 90 minutes after addition of it when the measurment carried out both volumetrical and isotopic techniques. The results show that cortisof affects diffusion permeability and osmotic flow of water across the membrane either. Cortisol did not affect the urea permeability and the short-circuit current of the toad bladder. Antagonistic action beween cortisol and vasopressin was not observed by measuring SCC and water influx. Accoding to the double barrier series theory, the results suggest that cortisol affects the porous barrier of the membrane.
    Download PDF (1044K)
  • The Effect of L-Potassium Aspartate on Renal Tubular Potential (II)
    Koh Higaki
    1969 Volume 11 Issue 2 Pages 343-351
    Published: March 31, 1969
    Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In an attempt to examine the physiological effect of L-potassium aspartate (K-aspartate) on the kidney with special reference to the action of aspartic acid, the intracellular potential of renal tubule of the rat was measured with lapse of time after intravenous injection of K-aspartate. Similar measurment was made with the rat administered by the mixture of KCl and L-aspartic acid which contain the same amount of K and aspartic acid radical with K-aspartate. The intracellular potential falls in either case, while the fall by K-aspartate is deeper than that by the mixture of KCl and L-aspartic acid. Therefore, it is reasonable to presume that the physiological effect of K-aspartate is not a sum of KCl effect and aspartic acid radical, but should be explained with reference to a specific physicochemical structure of the salt.
    Download PDF (1032K)
  • Satoru Fujiwara
    1969 Volume 11 Issue 2 Pages 353-362
    Published: March 31, 1969
    Released on J-STAGE: July 04, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The present work looks into the vascular innervation in the renal cortex of the monkey (Macaca fuscata fuscata). The results obtained under the use of Suzuki's silver technipue for paraffin sections, are summerized as follows: 1. The large arterial vessels, such as the interlobar, the arcuate or the interlobular artery, have the nerve-plexus pertaining respectively to the apventitia and media of them. However, the medial nerve-plexus in the interlobar or arcuate, are not seen to be remarkably well-developed. 2. The findings related to the myo-neural junction in the muscular coats of the large arterial vessels, especially, of the interlobular, are as follows: namely, the delicate nerve-fibers arising from the preferred portion (v. vid. Fig. 3) characterized by containing the transmittal cells (=interstitial cells), of the adventitial nerve-plexus, form the much delicate terminal networks with some knot-like structures to make contact, to say the least, with the surface of the muscular cells. 3, In the adventitia of an interlobular artery, a special nerve end-organ being composed of several nuerofibrillar swellings (v. vid. Fig. 8), is observed. In addition, existence of the much thick nerve-fibers of 3-5μ caliber is, too, recognized in the adventitia of the large arterial ones. These nerve-fibers and the above-mentioned nerve end-organ are thought to be sensory in functional nature.4. The findings concerning the innervation of the capillary, on the wall of which the much fine nerve-nets with the argyrophil small appendages of knot-lik form are observable, indicate that capillary nerve-elements seem to discharge a function sesing the chemical stimuli from the surrounding tissue. Furthermore, the other finding, which suggests existence of a close functional relationship between the capillary and renal tubule tissue, is obtained (v. vid. Fig. 14). The large venous vessels have the nerve-plexus, for them-selves, pertaining to them, and the much delicate nerve-nets derived of such nerve-pleus are obsevable on their wall. On the other hand, the small venous ones not having the nerve-plexus proper to them, seem to be supplied with the nerve-plexus pertaining to the corresponding arterial ones.6. The author's findings negative the Abraham's opinion ('64) refusing admisson of anastomosing phenomena of nerve-fibers. In addition, from a critical view-point of the Knoche's terminal reticulumm theory ('50, '51), some problems concerning the morphology of nerve endings, including the argyrophill appendages of the terminal reticulum, were discussed. Suzuki's observations ('63, '65) concerning the transmittal cells and fine structures of myo-neural junction on the microscopic level were cited, and the droblems related to the morphology of the myo-neural junction were discussed.
    Download PDF (9034K)
  • Ko NISHIHARA
    1969 Volume 11 Issue 2 Pages 363-381
    Published: March 31, 1969
    Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (1941K)
  • Toshio Kato
    1969 Volume 11 Issue 2 Pages 383-415
    Published: March 31, 1969
    Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A simulation study was made to analyse a glucose titration curve to evaluate two hypotheses, i, e., the nephron population theory and the transport kinetic theory. 1 In order to verify the latter hypothesis, glucose titration curves were measured on anesthetized mongrel dogs following infusion of a competitive inhibitor (α-methylglucoside) and phlorizin. Equilibrium constants were calculated from the experimental data using a non-linear regression equation. Mathematical models were disigned for the two theories with an analog computer. 2 On an assumption that the amounts of glucose are calculated by multiple integral of the distribution function of nephron threshold, an analog circuit was established in case of the nephron population theory. The computed results of this model almost corresponded to experimental curves. In case a model was employed in which the glucose transport mechanism was considered to have a first order chemical reaction, the computed results indicated that the equilibrium constant reflected changes of splay and that the amounts of transport carrier determined Tm value. These resuls, however, failed to duplicate experimental curves which showed a slow convergence of splay towards T=Load and a sharp turn to T=Tm. 3 Animal experiments indicated that inhibition of glucose transport by α-methylglucoside and phlorizin resulted in wide spread of the glucose titration curve. With an adoption of the equilibrium constants calculated from control experiments using a non-linear regression, the urinary glucose of healthy adults was quantitatively measured to be higher than real value. The nephron population calculated from expermental data by Shmith's method did not seen adequate in obtaining a desired curve. Therfore either theory alone did not explain why and how the splay developed. 4 A model on the basis of the two theories combined was designed and calculated by the Monte-Carlo method with a digital computer. In a model kidney with hundred nephrons a distribution of GFR, Tm and of epuilibrium constant a nephron was determined by random sampling numbers. The computed results resembled the experimental data in any conditions. As a conclusions it was assumed that the splay of the glucose titration curve might results from combined effects of heterogeneity of the nephron and equilibrium constant of transport.
    Download PDF (3650K)
  • M. Nakajima, Y. Igaki, T. Yamayoshi, Y. Ohtani, S. Matsuki, S. Asano
    1969 Volume 11 Issue 2 Pages 417-426
    Published: March 31, 1969
    Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Described herein is a 31 year old Japanese male, who had been engaged in the operation of smelting alloys of silver and cadmium for about 10 years, with proteinuria and glucosuria, associated with a large quantity of cadmium excaetion into urine. Renal function tests revealed decreased GFR, RPF and PSP excretion. Histologically glomeruli were slightly enlarged and mesangium were hypertrophied, but no remarkable tubular abnormalities were noticed.
    Download PDF (1931K)
feedback
Top