The Japanese Journal of Nephrology
Online ISSN : 1884-0728
Print ISSN : 0385-2385
ISSN-L : 0385-2385
Volume 18, Issue 12
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
  • Yoshihiro Takamitsu
    1976 Volume 18 Issue 12 Pages 757-768
    Published: December 31, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This study was undertaken to clarify the mechanism of the effect of the prostaglandins on the water and sodium transport across the toad urinary bladder. 10-7M PGE1 alone did not induce any significant change in osmotic water flow. However, the same dosis of PGE1 inhibited the osmotic water flow responses induced by vasopressin and theophylline but not inhibited those by cyclic-AMP in the toad bladder. PGE1, PGF, PGA1, PGE2, PGF, PGA2, PGB1 and PGB2 were also observed to inhibit the vasopressin-induced osmotic water flow in the following order, PGE1>PGF>PGA1≥PGE2≥PGF>PGA2>PGB1>PGB2. 7.0×10-7M PGE1 markedly stimulated the short-circuit current, and this stimulation was further potentiated by theophylline. But little effect was observed by other prostaglandins, although at higher concentrations the short-circuit current was stimulated (PGE1>PGA1>PGE2>PGF). 10-6M to 10-4M PGE1 alone could enhance osmotic water flow. This response was potentiated by theophylline. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of PGEI on the vasopressin-induced water flow was observed under both experimental conditions at low and high concentrations of PGE1. Thus, the effect of PGEI on the water and sodium transport may probably be caused by the action on the two different adenyl cyclases. Three different actions of PGE1 on the water and sodium transport were analysed by the doseresponse curves. The values of ED50 of PGE1 to inhibit water flow, to stimulate sodium transport and water flow, were 7.9×10-9M, 2.5×10-7M and 7.6×10-6M, respectively. The dose-response curve of the former was different from the latter two. This result suggested that two differeent adenylcyclase-systems would be present in the toad bladder. The following hypotheses were derived from the present findings. Two different adenylcyclase-systems are present in the toad bladder : i.e., one cyclic-AMP pool controls water flow and the other controls sodium transport. PGE1 would inhibit the former and stimulate the latter. The stimulation of water flow by PGE1 may be mediated by cyclic-AMP which would spill over from the cyclic-AMP pool responsible for the sodium transport to the pool responsible for the water flow.
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  • Masatsugu Oka
    1976 Volume 18 Issue 12 Pages 769-792
    Published: December 31, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Thirty nine of 124 renal biopsy specimens taken from patients witn a variety of renal diseases were identified as IgA nephropathy. In 34 of the 39 specimens, morphologic and immunologic findings were studied in detail with clinical data. Most of the patients had microscopic hematuria and slight proteinuria, but renal function was almost normal. Light microscopic examination showed the findings of generalized proliferative glomerulone-phritis, but no findings of focal glomerulonephritis. The most uniform abnormality was that the intensity of the mesangial proliferation varied remarkably in different segments in a given glo-merulus, just as it differs from one glomerulus to another or from one case to another. Therefore, it is not reasonable to express the light microscopic alterations of IgA nephropathy as focal or generalized glomerulonephritis. However, it is desirable to classify them into the terms of IgA nephropathy-minimal change, IgA nephropathy-slight (mild), IgA nephropathy-moderate, and IgA nephropathy-advanced, judging from glomerular, tubulo-interstitial and arteriolar changes. In this study, morphologic features ranged from minimal change (3 patients) to advanced (2 patients). In light microscopy PAS-positive paramesangial deposits were seen in a high rate (39% of the total glomeruli and 80% of the cases) and these were rarely seen in other renal biopsy specimens. In electron microscopy the deposits were present in the mesangium, intramenbranous position and subeudothelium, but their electron-densities were various. Serum IgA values were significantly elevated. Assay of individual complement components in IgA nephropathy had shown a characteristic profile with slightly low C3 proactivator, high C4 and remarkably low C3. In immunofluorescence studies IgA was detected in 100% of the patients, IgG in 48%, IgM in 47%, IgE in 8%, Clq in 0%, C4 in 0%, properdin in 83%, C3 proactivator in 50%, C3 in 100% and fibrinogen in 50%. These evidences suggest participation of the alternate pathway at C3. However, since IgA was the only constant immunoblobulin in this study, it is preferable to employ the term IgA nephropathy for this disease rather than the term IgA-IgG mesangial nephropathy as employed by others. There was no correlation between the injury and the clinical data except the deterioration in GFR. These results may suggest that IgA nephropathy can be considered as a distinct clinicopatho-logic entity.
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  • Koichi Taura, Ken Shinzato, Takashi Harada, Hirofumi Ogata, Shinichiro ...
    1976 Volume 18 Issue 12 Pages 793-801
    Published: December 31, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: July 04, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The blood fibrinolytic activity was examined in 51 patients with renal diseases by means of lysine-sepharose-affinity chromatography and fibrin-agar-plate. The subjects consisted of 11 cases of chronic glomerulonephritis, 11 cases of chronic renal failure, 16 cases of nephrotic syndrome and 13 cases in maintenance haemodialysis. The results were as follows.1. Mean plasma fibrinogen level was 412mg/dl in the patients with chronic renal failure being significantly higher than 267mg/dl in the patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. In the patients with nephrotic syndrome, a high level (443mg/dl) was revealed jn the group before treatment, but a low level (304mg/dl) after treatment. In these cases, a significant correlation was recognized between serum total protein and plasma fibrinogen levels. Most patients in haemodialysis were within normal range.2. The level of serum fibrin or fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) was mostly in normal range, but slightly elevated in one case each of chronic renal failure and nephrotic syndrome and two cases of haemodialysis, totalling four cases.3. Euglobulin clot lysis time (FLT) was normal in patients with nephrotic syndrome, but ranged from 3 to 13 hours in the group of haemodialysis. It was more prolonged in chronic renal failure than in chronic glomerulonephritis.4. Plasma plasminogen showed a low level in 6 of 13 patients in maintenance hsemodialysis, but was within normal limit in other groups.5. Antiplasmin activity increased in 5 of 11 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis, 5 of 11 patients with chronic renal failure and 5 of 16 paticnts with neprotic syndrome, but decreased in 5 of 13 patients in haemodialysis.6. Serum a2-macroglobulin showed a nigh level in approximately one third of cases with chronic glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome. On the contrary it indicated a low level in about half of chronic renal failure and haemodialysis. However, serum a1-antitrypsin increased in two-thirds of cases with chronic glomerulonephritis and chronic renal failure. In nephrotic syndrome, the value decreased remarkably after treatment.
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  • Mituyuki Mori
    1976 Volume 18 Issue 12 Pages 803-812
    Published: December 31, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of the present investigationn was to elucidate the mechanism of shortened life span of erythrocyte through the observations of chemical and physical properties of the erythrocyte membrane obtained from uremics. The results of this investigation were obtained as follows.(1) The life spann of erythrocyte measured by using Cr51 was revealed to be shorter than that of normal subject.(2) Serum phospholipid and lysophosphatidyll choline were decreased, but serum phosphatidyl ethanolamine was increased inn uremics.(3) The membrane cholesterol content was normal, but the phospholipid was decreased, conse-quently the ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid was significantly elevated. The elevated ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid seemed to reflect the alteration of membrane composition. (4) In the phospholipid fraction, the membrane phosphatidyl serine was markedly decreased, (5) The content of the erythrocyte ATP was elevated but, on the contrary, the (Mg2++Na++K+)-dependent ATPase activity indicating the actual utilization rate was markedly decreased.(6) Increasing activity of ATPase of erythrocyte stroma was parallel with the additive concentration of phosphatidyl serine in vitro.
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  • Nobuaki Hirayama
    1976 Volume 18 Issue 12 Pages 813-833
    Published: December 31, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In 73 patients diagnosed as chronic renal failure and externally dialyzed the study was made of Renin, Angiotensin system, water and electrolytes metabolism which was considered as a trigger the development of hypertension, in connection with the blood pressure and further in comparison with Plasma aldosterone concentration (PALD) and plasma catecholamine concentration (PCA) : The results were as follows.1. The high PRA were noted particularly in many cases with chronic glomerulonephritis.2. The cases were classified into the following four groups according to the PRA values before the dialysis and the blood pressure reading, namely group I (high blood pressure, high PRA value), group II (normal blood pressure, high PRA value), group f (high blood pressure, PRA value not high), and group IV(normal blood pressure, PRA value not high).3. The systolic blood pressure fell below 150mmHg. after the dialysis in about a half of group I and about three quarters of group III in the majority of which the blood pressure was judged controllable and deemed to fall with the loss in weight.4. As to the variations of PRA value before & after the dialysis, more of group I and II of high PRA value indicated pronounced elevation while group f and N tended to show rise in general, but to the less extent than the former two groups did.5. In cases of urine volume less than 100ml/day, the systolic blood pressure and the sodium concetration were inversely correlated. While the inverse corrlations were noted regardless of the urine volume between the serum sodium concentration and the systolic blood pressure in group I and II of nigh PRA values, none of such correlations were observed in group III and IV.6. The study was made in 14 cases of the relation between PALD and PRA before and after the dialysis with the findings that PRA value rises PALD level also tends to rise, and the high values of both PALD and PRA, the stronger the influence of the dialysis.7. PCA levels widely range from hign figures to nil or the degree too low to appreciate. Conclusively, no definite or significant result was obtained of the variation by the dialysis, also of the relation with the blood pressure or PRA.
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