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Volume 37, Issue 2
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1995 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 87-90
Published: 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (637K) -
Shuichi KONDO, Nobuyuki YOSHIZAWA, Kazuo WAKABAYASHI1995 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 91-99
Published: 1995
Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSpontaneously hypercholesterolemic (SHC) rats become hypercholesterolemic on normal diets. SHC rats, especially males, exhibit renal lesions similar to those found in focal segmental hyalinosis/sclerosis (FGS). We presented here a detailed natural history of serum lipid, renal function and pathological changes in male SHC rats from 5to40 weeks of age. Increased urinary protein excretion and glomerular injury were apparent before the detection of lipid or immune deposits, indicating that the renal lesions were not caused by these deposits. Serum total cholesterol levels, already high at 5 weeks, abruptly increased in concurrence with increased urinary protein excretion, suggesting that the severe hyperlipidemia of this strain is modified by a nephrotic syndrome. By 30 weeks of age, glomerular sclerosis was evident in more than half of the glomeruli and tubular dilatation was prominent, with an abrupt increase of BUN, SCr, and urinary volume; these findings indicate a rapid progression to renal failure. Our results suggest that SHC rats would be a very useful model to investigate the process leading to glomerular sclerotic lesion and renal failure, as well as the effect of hyperlipidemia on glomerular injury.View full abstractDownload PDF (10593K) -
Kosaku NITTA, Wako YUMURA, Keiko UCHIDA, Naoko MIWA, Shigeru HORITA, T ...1995 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 100-104
Published: 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInfiltration of leukocytes and mononuclear cells into the glomeruli is an early pathological finding in human and experimental glomerulonephritis. However, the cellular and molecular basis for cell infiltration into the glomeruli is not yet completely understood. In addition, there is little information on the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) on glomerular cells. In the present study, we investigated the expression of ICAM-1 on cultured bovine glomerular endothelial cells (GEN) and its regulation by the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Immunocytochemical staining showed that ICAM-1 molecules were constitutively expressed on the surface of GEN. In flow cytometric and ELISA analyses, ICAM-1 molecule expression on GEN was significantly upregulated by IL-1β, MCP-1 and LPS in a dose-dependent manner, but not by IL-6. LPS was the most potent inducer of ICAM-1 molecule expression on GEN. The effects of IL-1β, MCP-1 and LPS were observed as early as 4 h and reached a maximal level by 18h. These results suggest that ICAM-1 on GEN can participate in the infiltration of mononuclear cells into glomeruli in human and experimental glomerulonephritis.View full abstractDownload PDF (3888K) -
Takako YOKOZAWA, Jia Jun ZHOU, Masao HATTORI, Susumu INABA, Toshio OKA ...1995 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 105-111
Published: 1995
Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMagnesium lithospermate B, a compound newly isolated from Dan Shen, was given orally to rats for 70 days after excision of five-sixths of their kidney volume. As a result, mesangial proliferation, tubulointerstitiallesions and glomerular sclerotic lesions, which were conspicuous in rats that were not given magnesium lithospermate B after nephrectomy, were inhibited. Furthermore, a decrease in blood urea nitrogen, improvement of hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia and hypercholesteremia, and inhibition of urinary protein excretion were observed. The levels of creatinine, methylguanidine and guanidino succinic acid, which accumulate in the blood with the progress of renal failure, were decreased significantly in rats given magnesium lithospermate B. These results indicate that magnesium lithospermate B, a component of an Oriental medicine has potential as a new therapeutic agent for inhibiting the progression of renal dysfunction.View full abstractDownload PDF (3751K) -
Shigeru SATOH, Takuji KANEKO, So OMORI, Jun SUGIMURA, Takashi UJIIE, T ...1995 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 112-118
Published: 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, enalapril, and a Japanese medicinal plant named sairei-to, after administration either alone or in combination, on survival-time due to the protection of proteinuria and the preserving of renal function, was studied in the rat with subtotal nephrectomy. Resection of 2/3 of the left kidney and removal of the right kidney was performed in 28 male Wister rats (220-250g). The rats were divided into four groups:(1)control (without sairei-to or enalapril);(2)with sairei-to(2.5%in rat chow); (3)with enalapril (50mg/l in drinking water);and(4)the combination of enalapril and sairei-to. The actual survival-times until natural death after renal ablation in these four groups were 92±3, 128±8, 199±19, and 194±13 days, respectively. Urinary protein excretion and renal function were markedly protected in the enalapril-treated rats. Urinary endothelin excretion was also attenuated in enalapril-treated rats. Statistical analysis revealed the absence of benefits with sairei-to alone or in combination treatment. In conclusion, enalapril provides protection of proteinuria and preserves renal function, which results in a longer survival-time in the rats having subtotal nephrectomy. However, sairei-to does not show such beneficial effects.View full abstractDownload PDF (4576K) -
Takako ONUKI1995 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 119-126
Published: 1995
Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn an attempt to clarify whether glomerular capillary pressure (Pgc) in hypertension can be reduced by a calcium channel blocker (CaB), renal clearance and micropuncture experiments were carried out on male heminephrectomized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR;n=15). Renal circulatory parameters (RBFandGFR) and proximal tubular stop flow pressure (Psf) were measured during the control period, during manual aortic clamping, and after administration of manidipine hydrochloride (MDP, 10μg/kg body weight in bolus). Because Psf only represents Pgc during zero tubular flow, the responsiveness of tubulo-glomerular feedback (TG feedback) was also assessed to obtain the "steady state Pgc", an operating point in each experimental period. Administration of MDP decreased systemic blood pressure (SBP) and renal vascular resistance (RVR), but increased renal blood flow (RBF) significantly. Psf decreased following the administration of MDP (33.65±1.45mmHg), reaching a lower level than during aortic clamping (39.93±2.37mmHg) or in the control period (50.78±2.73mmHg). TG feedback responsiveness was attenuated during clamping, and was incompletely inhibited by MDP, whereas the operating point (29.3mmHg) was lower than during clamping (32.9mmHg) or in the control period (41.0mmHg). The stability of RBF during the alteration of renal perfusion pressure (RPP) was not abolished by MDP. From these results, we suggest that MDP significantly decreases Pgc in the steady state not only by the reduction of RPP, but also by the amelioration of renal microcirculation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1449K) -
Masao KANAUCHI, Hisayuki NISHIOKA, Kazuhiro DOHI1995 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 127-133
Published: 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe evaluated the diagnostic utility of urinary fibronectin (FN) in patients with diabetic nephropathy by comparing the findings with those of renal biopsy specimens. A total of 46 diabetic patients were divided into four groups, D0, DI, DII and DIII-IV according to the severity of diffuse glomerular lesions using Gellman's criteri Using 24-hour urine specimens, FN was measured by a solid phase enzymelinked immunosorbent say. The urinary excretion of FN was significantly higher in the overt proteinuric group than in the normo-and micro-albuminuric groups. Urinary FN level showed a significant increase with respect to the progress of glomerular diffuse lesions. There was a weak correlation between the urinary level of FN and serum creatinine level and a weak inverse correlation between the urinary level of FN and creatinine clearance. When patients with overt proteinuria were excluded from the analysis, there was no correlation between the urinary level of FN and serum creatinine level, creatinine clearance, or that of β2-microglobulin and NAG. The findings indicate that urinary FN may be useful in estimating pathologic conditions, especially the early stage of diabetic nephropathy.View full abstractDownload PDF (1120K) -
Kazuho HONDA, Kosaku NITTA, Wako YUMURA, Tsutomu SANAKA, Hiroshi NIHEI1995 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 134-139
Published: 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aim of the present study was to assess immunological aspects in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). The CAPD patients were divided into two groups. Group A consisted of patients in which high-somolar dialysate was used infrequently, and group B consisted of patients in which high-osmolar dialysate was used frequently. We characterized cell populations in the peritoneal effluent (PE) of CAPD patients. Analysis of the nucleated cell composition revealed that onethird of the PE cells were lymphocytes. Flow cytometric analysis of the surface antigen expression on lymphocytes revealed that the proportion of helper/inducer T-cells was lower in PE than in peripheral blood (PB). By contrast, the rates of DR antigen expression on T-cells and CD45RO antigen expression on helper/inducer T-cells (memory T-cells) were higher in PE than in PB. However, there were no statistically significant differences between the rates of expression of any lymphocyte surface antigens in the two groups. Expression of intercellular adhesion molecules, such as ICAM-1 and LFA-1, was higher in PE than in PB. It is of interest that the expression of ICAM-1 and LFA-1 on T-cells in PB was significantly higher in group B than in group A. In summary, there is an increase in memory T-cells in the PE and up-regulation of intercellular adhesion molecules of PE lymphocytes of CAPD patients. The upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecules is also observed in PB lymphocytes in whom high-osmolar dialysate is used frequently.View full abstractDownload PDF (1092K) -
Satoshi MORIMOTO, Shuji KATOH, Keiji INOUE, Satoshi TERASHIMA, Hirotak ...1995 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 140-144
Published: 1995
Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUremic pericarditis is common in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis and has been difficult to cure using conservative medical and surgical methods of treatment. Indomethacin therapy for uremic pericarditis has been reported infrequently. We present a case of uremic pericarditis in which indome thacin was particularly effective. The patient was a 45-year-old woman with thrombocytopenia due to Banti's syndrome and congestive heart failure with pericardial effusion. She had been undergoing hemodialysis for 3 years for chronic renal failure due to chronic glomerulonephritis. Uremic pericarditis was diagnosed based on serological laboratory results, aspirated pericardial fluid, and an echocardiogram. She was treated with oral doses of 25mg t.i.d. indomethacin in addition to hemodialysis and extracorporeal ultrafiltration method. Pericardial effusion and left ventricular dysfunction disappeared after indome thacin therapy for 38 days. There are conflicting reports on the efficacy of indomethacin therapy in patients with uremic pericarditis. While indomethacin therapy was very effective in our case, there may be many causes of uremic pericarditis for which indomethacin may not be efficacious. Further investigations of indomethacin therapy for patients with uremic pericarditis are necessary to elucidate the therapeutic mechanism by which indomethacin acts.View full abstractDownload PDF (5755K) -
Tomohito TADA, Akihiko OHARA, Yohko NAGAI, Masako OTANI, Yih-Chang GER ...1995 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 145-150
Published: 1995
Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe describe nephrotic syndrome occurring in a 53-year-old male patient on continuous rifampicin (RFP) therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis. After the pulmonary tuberculosis was improved by chemotherapy that included RFP, administration of Isoniazid and RFP was continued. After 16 weeks, he suddenly developed nephrotic syndrome, but never developed acute renal failure. He was admitted to hospital and renal biopsy was performed revealing minor glomerular abnormalities and few interstitial changes in light microscopy. No positive immunofluorescent microscopic findings were obtained without fibrinogen. Thus, minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) was diagnosed. In contrast, electron microscopy showed several injurious glomerular changes, such as the elevation of the endothelial layer, local widening of the subendothelial space which was filled with fine granular or fibrillar materials, irregularity of the endothelial investment, swelling or shrinkage of the endothelial cells, compatible with those seen in many diseased conditions supposedly caused by clinical or subclinical localized intravascular coagulation. Discontinuation of RFP administration completely relieved the patient of MCNS with the aid of predonisolone therapy. Thus, this patient might not have been a case of incidental, but rather drug (RFP)-induced MCNS.View full abstractDownload PDF (12631K)
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