This study aimed to clarify the specific duties of Yogo teachers in school first aid．98 trial cases of school accidents were analyzed using LEX/DB Internet TKC Law Information Data Service，and the filing period of the first trial was from 1965 to 2004．

　The precedents of “death”， “disorder”，and “sequela” accounted for 88.8％ of the whole cases of school accidents，and the cases have tended to increase recently．As elementary schools have many “disorder” precedents，and senior high schools have many “deaths”，the cases tended to become severe with the progress of school type．This trend was similar to that in the disaster statistical survey．

　Analysis of the content required for Yogo teachers showed that Yogo teachers should fulfill the requirements of the school first aid including［emergency resuscitation］，［judgment of urgency/severity］，and［cooperation and support system］，［record of school first aid measures］．

　〈primary survey〉，〈basic life support〉and〈first aid of urgency〉are included as a sub-category of［emergency resuscitation］．〈judgment of event preceding the incident〉，〈technical observation〉and〈judgment of consult s medical specialist〉are included as a sub-category of［judgment of urgency/severity］．〈cooperation in the school〉，〈system to a child who needs support〉，〈safety education〉，〈understanding of the condition〉and〈cooperation with a doctor〉，〈cooperation with a guardian〉are included as a sub-category of［cooperation and support system］．〈the record taken over to the emergency services〉，〈record of judgment of event preceding the incident〉，〈record of technical observation〉and〈record of follow up〉are included as a sub-category of［record of school first aid measures］．

　The purposes of this study were 1) to construct the item pools for the psychological scales to measure ‛enjoyment' and ‛psychological barrier' to exercise of children from primary school to senior high school on a common scale using item response theory (IRT)，and 2) to describe the change in these scale values with grade advancing from third grader of primary school to second grader of senior high school，and to clarify the trend of the change．

　The scale items for junior and senior high school children that had been published were changed to enable the scales to use for primary school children，too．The item parameters of the scale items for primary school children (21 items for enjoyment scale，11 items for psychological barrier scale) were estimated by the graded response model of IRT using 1,839 primary school children's response (third―sixth grade) ．Both enjoyment and psychological barrier scale items，there were little difference in the item parameters and no differential item function (DIF) between items for primary school children and for junior and senior high school students．Newly，the item pools for enjoyment scale (37 items) and psychological barrier scale (17 items) including the items for primary school children were constructed．The criterion-related validity of each scale for primary school children was showed by significant relationship between the scale value and exercise habits．

　The change of each scale value with grade advancing was described using the data of 1,820 primary (919 boys and 901 girls) ，869 junior high (439 boys and 430 girls)，and 675 senior high (303 boys and 372 girls) school children and youth．The scale value of the enjoyment showed a significant decline from primary to junior high school children．The scale value of the psychological barrier showed a significant rising trend as grade advanced．The sex difference was observed both in the enjoyment and in psychological barrier scale from early stage of growth (at third grade of primary school)．Also，the easy use of the scales was proposed．

　The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a life skills-based nutrition education program based on the results of the process evaluation and impact evaluation which assessed nutritional knowledge，attitudes toward snack intake and breakfast，self-efficacy of analyzing advertising，specific skills (skills for analyzing food labels) ，dietary behaviors，decision making skills，and goal setting skills．

　The subjects of this study were students from six elementary schools in a satellite city in Osaka Prefecture．From June 2005 to July 2006，students in four intervention schools participated in a nutrition education program (18 lessons in total) that focused not on providing nutritional knowledge but on the development of decision making and goal setting skills aiming at eating healthier snacks in the fifth grade and a healthier breakfast in the sixth grade．Before and after the program，questionnaires were administered to the students in the intervention and control schools at about the same time．A total of 609 students (189 boys and 173 girls in the intervention schools and 139 boys and 108 girls in the control schools) participated in all the surveys．Chi-square test，independent-sample t test，McNemar's test，and paired-sample t test were used to examine the effects of the program．The statistical significance level was 0.05．The main results were as follows．

1．According to the results of the process evaluation of the intervention schools，students were able to consider how to choose low-fat snacks through “listing of choices” and “prospects of results” in the decision making steps．In addition，through “clarifying the problem that requires decision making，” they were able to set a concrete and practicable goal to eat vegetables for breakfast．

2．According to the results of the process evaluation，the teaching related to breakfast eating habits that focused on the intake of vegetables approximately doubled the percentage of students who took vegetables for breakfast and improved the nutritional balance in breakfast．

3．The results of the impact evaluation revealed that girls in the intervention schools exhibited improved attitudes toward choosing healthier snacks and were self-efficient in analyzing advertisements；consequently，the preference for low-fat snacks increased．However，the number of items in the food labels that they checked at choosing snacks didn't change significantly，regardless of whether they were in the intervention or control schools．

4．The program was ineffective with regard to the development of decision making skills and goal setting skills．However，the students who had an increased score for decision making skills in the intervention schools showed the improvement in self-efficacy of analyzing advertisements and skills for food choice．

　These results suggest that to make the life skills-based nutrition education program more effective，classroom teachers should conduct the program and a school-wide life skills education should be conducted in addition to this program．

　The results also suggest that it is necessary to revise the contents related to snack intake considering that snack intake is an indispensable means to cope with stressful situations for some adolescent girls．

　Headache is one of the most common medical problems of university students，but it has not been the subject of investigation in the university health care field．We conducted a survey questionnaire on headache of Gifu University students at the 2005 annual health check-up．The questionnaire included Migraine-QUEST (by ADITUS Japan access to information on meaningful migraine relief) ．Of 5156 students (Men 3000，Women 2067，unknown 89) (age 10s 1934，20s 2991，30s 110，40s 26，50s 3，unknown 92) ，5067 students were estimated by Migraine-QUEST，2453 (48.4％) had at least one experience of headache within the recent a few years period and 923 of these reported some consequent disturbance in campus life．Of the 5067 students，120 (2.4％) ，438 (8.6％) ，and 334 (6.6％) were estimated to have had migraine，tension-type headache，or migraine＋tension-type headache，respectively．Of the 923 students whose headache had disturbed their campus life，119，435，and 333 were estimated to have had migraine，tension-type headache，or migraine ＋ tension-type headache，respectively．Of the 2453 students who had experienced headache，the rate of consultation with a physician was only 2.6％，while 28.1％ used over-the-counter drugs and 59.3％ endured the pain without treatment．Of all students，34.5％ had information on the types of headaches and 16％ knew of the availability of prescription pharmaceuticals from any hospitals and clinics．Promotion of headache education and personal support for individuals with headache in conjunction with a program of annual health check-up might relieve this urgent issue in university health administration．

　A survey was carried out by questionnaire in order to find out the factors which affect injury. The first subject group of 394 male students and 271 female students between the first to third grades of T Senior High School of Sapporo were divided to two groups: injury and no-injury, and feeling of fatigue, frequency of sports and life style were compared. The second subject group was 39 male students and 34 female students who have sustained injuries under the supervision of the school administration and applied to the National Agency for the Advancement of Sports and Health. The cases, trends in behavior and situations in mind and body at injury were considered and the following observations were found.

1) With regards to the psychosomatic conditions, which lead to injuries, there is a relationship between psychosomatic fatigue and the occurrence of injuries, where “psychosomatic fatigue” undetected in elementary school children's study.

2) A trend in behavior, where a “desire to be defiant” and a “rough attitude” that brings about an “impatient demeanor”, has an influence on the students succumbing to injury.

3) A sense of the need to exercise was significantly higher in the students who had succumbed to injuries than in the students who hadn't and the frequency of exercise was also greater. On the other hand, a persistent feeling of fatigue was significantly higher and a feeling of satisfaction toward their lifestyle was significantly lower in the students who had succumbed to injury, resulting in a low QOL.

4) From these observations it can be suggested that the psychosomatic and behavioral conditions, which lead to injury, overall satisfaction with quality of life and fatigue has an influence on students succumbing to injury.